While legal technology may bring efficiency and economy to business, where are the people in this process and what does it mean for their lives?Around five billion people globally are unable to ...address their everyday legal problems and do not have the security, opportunity or protection to redress their grievances and injustices. Courts and legal institutions can often be out of reach because of costs, distance or a lack of knowledge of rights and entitlements and judicial institutions may be under-funded leading to poor judicial infrastructure, inadequate staff, and limited resources to meet the needs of those who require such services.This book sets out to embed access to justice into mainstream discussions on the future of law and to explore how this can be addressed in different parts of the legal industry. It examines what changes in technology mean for the end user, whether an ordinary citizen, a client or a student. It looks at the everyday practice of law through a sector-wide analysis of law firms, universities, startups and civil society organisations. In doing so, the book provides a roadmap on how to address sector-specific access to justice questions and to draw lessons for the future. The book draws on experiences from judges, academics, practitioners, policy makers and educators and presents perspectives from both the Global South and the Global North.
Spletna besedila postajajo vse bolj relevanten vir informacij, korpuse tovrstnih besedil pa potrebujemo pri korpusnojezikoslovnih raziskavah in razvoju jezikovnih tehnologij za sodobno slovenščino. ...Čeprav so spletna besedila neposredno dostopna in je njihov zajem preprostejši od tiskanih, je izdelava takšnih korpusov še vedno zapletena, draga in zamudna. Ključno je, da poskrbimo, da se podobni podatki ne zbirajo večkrat, zato je nujno omogočiti njihovo čim večjo dostopnost čim širši raziskovalni skupnosti in zainteresirani javnosti. Tehničnih in prostorskih ovir za to sicer ni, vendar pri gradnji korpusa naletimo na številne omejitve v okviru zaščite avtorskih pravic, varstva osebnih podatkov in pogojev uporabe ponudnikov spletnih storitev. V prispevku predstavljamo pravno in dejansko stanje na teh področjih, opravimo pregled sorodnih tujih in domačih praks ter na primeru korpusa spletne slovenščine Janes predlagamo vrsto ukrepov, ki do največje možne mere omogočajo prosto in odprto razširjanje korpusov spletne slovenščine.
The quality of long-term care services has an important effect on the quality of life of their users and their informal carers. By identifying gaps between provision of services and users' needs we ...can suggest adjustments of the long-term care services and advance their development.
The data from the first Slovenian national survey of social homecare (SHC) users and their informal carers was utilised. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors that affect assessments of five-dimensional concept of access.
On average, affordability was rated the lowest (mean=2.9) and acceptability the highest (4.0), with availability, accessibility and accommodation (mean=3.6) in the middle. Regression analysis explains 15% of variability in affordability, while for other dimensions much less. Caregiver's needs are the most influential predictor of access, negatively influencing the rating of access (availability B=.127, accommodation B=-.113, acceptability B=-.120, affordability B=-.155). Care recipients' needs also affect the rating of affordability (B=-.132). Family income negatively influences the rating of availability (B=-.115), accessibility (B=-.076) and affordability (B=-.270). Residents of rural areas rate availability (B=-.070) and affordability (B=-.067) less favourable.
This study showed that affordability is rated the least favourable among components of access. Adjustment in private out-of-pocket co-payment mechanism is suggested.
Pravice oseb z oviranostmi do enakih možnosti in dostopa brez ovir so zagotovljene v številnih dokumentih na mednarodni in državni ravni, različne raziskave in vsakdanje izkušnje pa kažejo, da se te ...pravne določbe v praksi ne izvajajo vedno. Osebe z oviranostmi se še naprej soočajo s številnimi ovirami v urbanem okolju, kar potrjuje, da trenutni pristopi k odpravljanju ovir niso ustrezni in da je treba nujno poiskati druge učinkovitejše rešitve. V članku je predstavljena ena od rešitev, ki temelji na hipotezi, da lahko pomemben napredek na tem področju dosežemo samo, če preoblikujemo vloge glavnih déležnikov. Avtor članka predlaga, naj se vloge zamenjajo in naj se namesto sedanjih pristopov od zgoraj navzdol uvede pristop od spodaj navzgor. Da bi olajšal uvedbo tega pristopa, je bil oblikovan interaktivni internetni portal, ki je v članku predstavljen in opisan kot »spletni forum«. Na podlagi temeljitega pregleda literature na temo »socialne inovacije« avtor članka meni, da je predlagani novi pristop socialna inovacija, zaradi česar lahko postane učinkovit mehanizem, ki bo omogočil oblikovanje okolij brez ovir in s tem odpravil diskriminacijo oseb z oviranostmi v bivalnem okolju.
Od demokratične spremembe leta 1994 se vladna politika v Južnoafriški republiki osredotoča na podpiranje malih in srednje velikih podjetij ter in mikropodjetij (MSMP). Zaradi visoke stopnje ...brezposelnosti in revščine na mestnih območjih so posledice te interventne politike zelo pomembne za razvoj mest. Zaradi pestre zgodovine Južnoafriške republike želi vlada dati priložnost podjetjem v lasti temnopoltih Južnoafričanov, ki so bili med apartheidom prikrajšana skupina. V članku avtor preučuje trenutne politične pobude, namenjene reševanju omejenega dostopa do trga, in obseg spodbujanja novih tržnih priložnosti za podjetja v lasti temnopoltih na mestnih območjih Južnoafriške republike. Poudarek je na dveh temah: povezovanju z oskrbovalnimi verigami zasebnega sektorja, zlasti prek zagotavljanja raznolikosti dobaviteljev, in povezovanju s trgi javnega sektorja prek javnih naročil. Iz političnih usmeritev je jasno, da ima vlada omejena pooblastila za izboljšanje položaja in konkurenčnosti MSMP v lasti temnopoltih, zato podpira pobude zasebnega sektorja. Poleg tega poskuša uresničevati, kar zagovarja, in uporabiti svoje možnosti izvajanja javnih naročil ter tako pomagati MSMP v lasti temnopoltih.
The effects of labour, citizenship and family status on the unequal treatment in health insurance Background: Right to health care is a human right, which should - because of its universal status - ...belong to an individual regardless of his or her personal circumstances. In the legislative process different systems provide different criteria for accessibility and funding of this right. In doing so, one can observe how respective social priorities affect inclusion and exclusion of beneficiaries of health care on the ground of their legal status. Methods: This article is based on analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources, particularly national and international legal acts regarding constitutional right to health care, health care and health insurance, employment and family relations and the law of aliens. Results: As the enjoyment of the right of health insurance depends on an individual's labour, citizenship and family status, the users of health care are treated unequally. The legislation is based on the assumption that work is normally performed in the form of an employment relationship. In modern times, however, atypical forms of work are on the rise and therefore health insurance rights are thus differently available to different persons of the same actual but different legal status. The rights of persons, who are not insured on the basis of a labour status, are subsidiary tied to family relations and their enforcement thus also depends on whether the person is married, living in a de facto union, same-sex partnership or is single. Nevertheless, right to health insurance is affected also by citizenship and different kinds of foreignness. Conclusion: Despite objective of universal health insurance coverage of all inhabitants, a growing number of inhabitants remain without basic health insurance. The most vulnerable are foreigners without permanent residence, self-employed persons and their family members, registered and unregistered same-sex partners, single persons and children in the reorganized families. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Open access is a well-established way of publishing research results. There are many studies investigating the influence of open access on visibility of articles and citation counts. In this study, ...an overview and analysis of bibliometric studies analysing the extent and speed of citation were prepared, with special emphasis on the impact of open access, separately for certain scientific disciplines. We also highlight other factors that mainly affect the increased visibility and, consequently, the increase of the total citation count. We found that in the future it will be necessary to standardize the methodology of studying the effects of open access on citations, before the hypothesis of a positive correlation between the number of citations and open access can be fully confirmed or refuted ; Odprti dostop je v svetu že uveljavljena pot objavljanja rezultatov znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela. Opravljenih je mnogo raziskav, v katerih ugotavljajo, ali so odprto dostopne objave brane in citirane večkrat kot objave, ki niso odprto ali prosto dostopne. V raziskavi smo pripravili pregled in analizo bibliometrijskih študij, s katerimi so analizirali vplive na obseg in hitrost citiranja, s posebnim poudarkom na vplivu odprtega dostopa in ločeno za posamezne znanstvene discipline. Izpostavili smo tudi nekaj drugih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo predvsem na večjo vidnost objav in posledično na njihovo večjo citiranost. Ugotovili smo, da bo v prihodnosti treba poenotiti metodologije proučevanja vplivov odprtega dostopa na citiranost, preden bomo lahko povsem potrdili ali ovrgli hipotezo o pozitivni korelaciji med številom citatov in odprtim dostopom.
The development of science is accompanied by the growth of scientific publications in the form of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. We analysed the scientific papers of the employees of ...the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, in the field of construction and geodesy for the period from 2003 to 2008, their citations, methods of publication and open access. The analysis was conducted in the ISI/Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar information systems. We wanted to determine how both information systems show the visibility of scientific production, specifically the number of articles and their citations, and make data comparisons. We have not found many significant differences in the information systems regarding these two elements.
Welchen Beitrag kann das Recht auf Nahrung zur Überwindung der globalen Ernährungskrise leisten? Statt das Ziel einer hungerfreien Welt als Utopie abzutun, werden Menschenrechtsklagen als wirksame ...Instrumente beschrieben, um Diskurse über Ursachen von Nahrungsunsicherheit anzuregen und die Ergreifung notwendiger Anti-Hunger-Programme zu beschleunigen. Aufbauend auf der nationalen und internationalen Rechtsprechung zum „right to food“ werden drei Zugangsrechte entwickelt: das Recht auf soziale Fürsorge, das Recht auf ein ausreichendes Einkommen und das Recht auf Selbstversorgung. Angesichts globaler Gefährdungslagen, die sich etwa in abrupt schwankenden Weltagrarpreisen sowie dem Klimawandel offenbaren, wird zudem eine transnationale Schutzdimension begründet. Die Bedeutung grenzüberschreitender Menschenrechtsdiskurse wird exemplarisch anhand von zwei Fallstudien zum Agrardumping und zur Förderung von Biokraftstoffen verdeutlicht.
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