O desenvolvimento de uma teoria dos precedentes judiciais no Brasil requer o enfrentamento de algumas dificuldades. Neste trabalho, propõe-se a análise de duas dessas dificuldades a partir da crítica ...ao critério de autoridade como o principal elemento que justifica a aplicação dos precedentes. A primeira delas diz respeito à teoria do direito e a outra, ao modo como o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) decide. As duas críticas têm como plano de fundo a sistemática dos precedentes judiciais no Código de Processo Civil de 2015.
Pragmatism Regained Margolis, Joseph
Metaphilosophy,
January 2021, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article views the confrontation between pragmatism and Kant’s Critical undertaking as very possibly the single most consequential agon of contemporary philosophy, given the utter ...irreconcilability of their respective ways of addressing the concerns of First Philosophy, with regard to the enabling conditions of cognitive realism. Pragmatism favors an informal, fluxive, “instrumentalist” form of empiricism, impossible to complete, opposed to any and all the ontic and epistemic fixities of Kant’s Rationalism. Reason (Vernunft) cannot be more than a fiction. Kant has no supporting criterion of realism. The article proposes an empirical criterion of the distinctive (given) “duality” of sensory “appearings” and “appeareds” (that is, objects) as yielding a plausible “cognitive faculty” (involving “reasoning”—inference, for instance—but not Vernunft) that, in accord with the drift of evolutionism and Aristotle, readily extends to languageless animals as well as humans. It serves as the linchpin of the paper.
This article offers an induction into “immersive cartography,” an emerging approach to inquiry that incorporates the environmental arts, philosophy, and social sciences. Drawing together Deleuze’s ...propositions for a cartography-art with elements of Whitehead’s speculative empiricism, the author elaborates on the co-creation of a “cartographic network” that can be entered, activated, and extended along a multiplicity of trajectories, opening the inquiry process to more-than-human ecologies of participation. The second part of the article grapples with the complex proliferation of data that immersive cartography sets into motion, developing the concept of the “data event” through an engagement with Whitehead’s theory of prehension.
Making sense of domain specificity Margolis, Eric; Laurence, Stephen
Cognition,
November 2023, 2023-11-00, 20231101, Letnik:
240
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The notion of domain specificity plays a central role in some of the most important debates in cognitive science. Yet, despite the widespread reliance on domain specificity in recent theorizing in ...cognitive science, this notion remains elusive. Critics have claimed that the notion of domain specificity can't bear the theoretical weight that has been put on it and that it should be abandoned. Even its most steadfast proponents have highlighted puzzles and tensions that arise once one tries to go beyond an initial intuitive sketch of what domain specificity involves. In this paper, we address these concerns head on by developing an account of what it means for a cognitive mechanism to be domain specific that overcomes the obstacles that have made domain specificity seem so problematic. We then apply this understanding of domain specificity to one of the key debates that it has figured prominently in—the rationalism-empiricism debate concerning the origins of cognitive traits—and introduce several related theoretical notions that work alongside domain specificity in helping to clarify what makes a view more (or less) rationalist. This example illustrates how the notion of domain specificity can, and should, continue to play a central role in ongoing debates in cognitive science.
Este artículo está centrado en la caracterización del ethos serrano en el noroeste de México. Se trata de una aproximación que no busca ser definitiva al depender de las situaciones derivadas de la ...misma experiencia del investigador. La reconstrucción de las interacciones en el trabajo de campo a partir de las emociones desatadas por un robo de la casa, constituye una propuesta metodológica que ha sido definida como empirismo radical. Se trata de un enfoque que asume de entrada que los resultados de las investigaciones antropológicas son producto de la misma experiencia del antropólogo sin que ello implique abandonar la objetividad anunciada como la base de la perspectiva clásica del empirismo y difundida en los manuales técnicos del trabajo de campo en antropología. La propuesta es asumir que las interacciones resultantes de las emociones que se viven durante el trabajo de campo permiten entender las formas en las cuales se construye el conocimiento en torno a los grupos humanos que se estudian.
What are the epistemological and political contours of evidence today? This introduction to the special issue lays out key shifts in the contemporary politics of knowledge and describes the ...collective contribution of the six papers as an articulation of what we describe as a 'new empiricism', exploring how earlier historical appeals to evidence to defend political power and decision-making both chime with and differ from those of the contemporary era. We outline some emerging empirical frontiers in the study of instruments of calculation, from the evolution of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) to the growing importance of big data, and explore how these methodological transformations intersect with the alleged crisis of expertise in the 'post-truth' era. In so doing, we suggest that the ambiguity of evidence can be a powerful tool in itself, and we relate this ambiguity to the ideological commitment and moral fervour that is elicited through appeals to, and the performance of, evaluation.
This paper pulls together three debates fundamental in metaphysics and proposes a novel unified approach to them. The three debates are (i) between bundle theory and substrate theory about the nature ...of objects, (ii) dispositionalism and categoricalism about the nature of properties, and (iii) regularity theory and production theory about the nature of causation. The first part of the paper suggests that although these debates are metaphysical, the considerations motivating competing approaches in each debate tend to be epistemological. The second part argues that the two underlying epistemological pictures supporting these competing views lead to highly unsatisfying conceptions of the world. The final part proposes an alternative epistemological picture, which I call “introverted empiricism,” and presents the way this alternative provides for a more satisfying grasp of the ultimate nature of objects, properties, and causation. It is a consequence of this alternative picture that there is a kind of intimate self‐understanding that underlies our understanding of the deep nature of reality.
Throughout his life, Kant was concerned with questions about empirical psychology. He aimed to develop an empirical account of human beings, and his lectures and writings on the topic are ...recognizable today as properly 'psychological' treatments of human thought and behavior. In this book Patrick R. Frierson uses close analysis of relevant texts, including unpublished lectures and notes, to study Kant's account. He shows in detail how Kant explains human action, choice, and thought in empirical terms, and how a better understanding of Kant's psychology can shed light on major concepts in his philosophy, including the moral law, moral responsibility, weakness of will, and cognitive error. Frierson also applies Kant's accounts of mental illness to contemporary philosophical issues. His book will interest students and scholars of Kant, the history of psychology, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of action.
How do consumers evaluate consumption routines? Using a qualitative research design, we study consumers who quasi-scientifically evaluate consumption routines. We conceptualize consumers' ...quasi-scientific approach as consumer empiricism. We uncover four empiricist strategies consumers use to evaluate consumption routines and show how an increasing lay-notion of rationality impacts consumption behavior. How do consumers evaluate consumption routines? Prior research suggests that consumers use feelings (interpretive reasonings) and reasons (rational reasonings) to guide their evaluations. Uncovering and conceptualizing the phenomenon of consumer empiricism yields multiple contributions to consumer research and marketing practice. First, our study helps to disclose how consumers form product evaluations. Our findings and our literature review suggest that consumers with an empiricist mindset do rather not trust marketing claims a priori (in principle and without further evidence). Instead, we find consumers who test marketing claims a posteriori (drawing from empirical evidence). Finally, our study paves research avenues for future quantitative analyses.
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