ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Active social policies try to "make work pay better than Welfare". These policies are experimented since 1997 in Europe; in the first part of the 2000's, they didn't succeeded in ...accelerating the return to work. During the last crisis, the results were even worse. How to explain the persistence of such ineffective strategies? Analyzing European institutions and comparing three Member-States in Europe, we argue that institutional, cognitive and political factors can explain the inertia of public policies in periods of crisis. //ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Les stratégies d'« activation » visant à inciter davantage les chômeurs à l'emploi ont été poursuivies au cours de la crise. Pourtant ces réformes n'avaient pas atteint leurs objectifs avant la crise et leurs résultats ont été particulièrement négatifs dans la conjoncture récente. Pourquoi les avoir maintenues ? L'inertie s'explique à la fois par des raisons institutionnelles (gouvernance européenne faiblement réactive en matière d'emploi), cognitives (implantation durable d'un référentiel d'« activation » chez les responsables nationaux et européens) et politiques (crise comme variable écran empêchant de dresser le bilan des stratégies poursuivies). Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po
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This paper reports on pilot study research which sought to explore perceptions and experiences of vulnerable employees who attempted to use the Employment Tribunal (ET) system to resolve ...disputes. We interviewed clients of a Citizens Advice Bureau seeking to explore the concerns of those for whom the system potentially poses the greatest barriers—those who cannot afford legal advice and/or are not trade union members. We conclude that the ETs, and the mediating role played by Acas, produce barriers to justice for vulnerable employees. Furthermore, the role played by Citizens Advice is critical in reclaiming labour law’s public law function, by which private disputes between individuals are translated into matters of public concern.
Since August 1988 an increasing proportion of the executive functions of government in the United Kingdom have been devolved to executive agencies. Transfer to an executive agency involves a period ...of uncertainty during which the options of elimination or transfer to the private sector are considered, followed by a marked change in management style and further periods of uncertainty when the agency's function is reconsidered for transfer to the private sector. This paper examines the effects of this major organisational change and consequent job insecurity on the health status of a cohort of 7419 white-collar civil servants by comparing groups either exposed to or anticipating exposure to this stressor, with controls experiencing no change. Compared with controls, men both already working in and anticipating transfer to an executive agency experienced significant increases in health self-rated as “average or worse”, longstanding illness, adverse sleep patterns, mean number of symptoms in the fortnight before questionnaire completion, and minor psychiatric morbidity. Significant relative increases in body mass index were seen in both exposure groups while exposure to agency status was also associated with significant relative increases in blood pressure. Health-related behaviours, where they differed between exposure and control groups, tended to favour those in the exposure groups. Compared with controls, women in both exposure groups reported small increases in most self-reported morbidity measures and most clinical measurements, accompanied by slight beneficial changes in some health-related behaviours and small adverse changes in others. Significant relative increases were seen in mean number of symptoms, and ischaemia among women anticipating exposure and in body mass index among those exposed to agency status. Policy makers should be aware of the wider consequences of job insecurity when considering the efficiency of changes in employment policy.
This thematic section of the Journal of Industrial Relations commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Prices and Incomes Accord between the Hawke–Keating government and the Australian Council of ...Trade Unions. The Accord remains a landmark by the standards of Australian industrial relations history and given the international context in which it emerged. It achieved its initial objective of addressing the problem of ‘stagflation’ and helped to facilitate structural reform in the Australian economy. In gaining cooperation from unions and by providing a social wage to cushion workers from the adverse effects of economic and wages policy reform, the Accord represented a more equitable alternative to neoliberal approaches adopted elsewhere. However, negative unintended consequences of the Accord years remain features of the contemporary labour market, which casts some doubt on its legacy.
This study finds a clear shift towards the importance of HRM strategy and the need for change towards service quality Vachkova, E., Gaidarov, M. (2001). Management of Human Resources in the Global ...Society, Banki Investicii Pari, 1. Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 29–35 in Bulgarian hotels 15 years into the post-socialist era. This is not matched by a significant change in improved employment flexibility, more effective career development, improved communications and management style and, most problematic of all, improved training and development. Although managerial statements about the importance of HRM may be rhetorical, the balance of evidence suggests that the legacy of cultural and institutional effects in Bulgaria remains strong and may have created a vacuum that prevents managers from developing the ability and know-how to initiate change, and by implication, improve firms’ performance.
In 1998 the International Labour Organization (ILO) advanced the notion of 'decent work' as a way to enhance opportunities for women and men to obtain productive work in conditions of freedom, ...equality, security and human dignity. This concept is now both salient and contested in national and international policy debates. In a 2008-09 campaign, the ILO asserted that 'gender equality is at the heart of decent work'. This article examines appeals to decent work in Australian parliamentary discourse and proposes how best to make use of the concept. It argues that gender equality is fundamental to decent work.
1998年世界劳工组织提出了"体面工作"的概念以促进男女在自由、平等、安全和尊严的条件下从事有益的工作。这个概念在国家和国际的政策辩论中都占有显要的位置。国际劳工组织在2008、2009年的活动中，强调性别平等位居体面工作的核心。本文考察了澳大利亚议会的相关言论，并对使用好这个概念有所建议。作者认为性别平等是体面工作的基础。
•The link between unemployment and labor force participation in Japan is explored.•A panel cointegration test support for a link between the two variables across regions.•A nationally orientated ...policy might be preferred over a region-specific policy in Japan.
This paper explores the co-integrating relationship between unemployment and the labor force participation rate in Japan from a regional perspective. The univariate co-integration tests indicate that the “no co-integration” hypothesis cannot be rejected in Northern-Kanto, Hokuriku and Kyusyu. Because the univariate co-integration approach might suffer from low power we employed a panel version of the co-integration test recently developed by Westerlund (2006) that also considers the possibility of multiple structural breaks in the level of individual co-integrating equations. The test results lend support for an overwhelmingly long-run relationship between the two variables across regions. Accordingly, this finding is not in line with the unemployment invariance hypothesis. As a result a nationally orientated employment policy aimed at improving the unemployment and labor force participation rates might be preferred over a region-specific employment policy in Japan.
Prenant comme exemple cinq pays d'Europe, représentatifs des différents modèles de protection sociale, l'auteur analyse la façon dont la crise financière et les mesures de relance ou d'austérité, qui ...l'ont accompagnée, ont modifié les modalités de leur financement, avec des effets régressifs. Il démontre que, à court et moyen terme, les systèmes par cotisations ont des finances plus stables que ceux financés par l'impôt. Le modèle corporatiste-continental semble avoir plus de chances de rester stable sur le long terme, car il privilégie le maintien de l'emploi, première source de recettes publiques du système.
This book offers a unique combination of research, case studies and policy discussions. An assessment of national trends in 30 European countries precedes case studies of 14 of them, in which noted ...European specialists report on individual enterprises or sectors. The volume’s survey of national- and local-level policy solutions contributes to identifying those responses that strengthen economic competitiveness, preserve social cohesion and do not deepen inequalities.
Seeks to provide data on how strong a role racism plays in white Americans' contemporary racial policy and candidate preferences. Looks at forms of racism in American politics, symbolic racism, and ...the role and structures of racism. Bases the examination on survey evidence.
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