The paper aims to analyse those aspects of the discussion between the two opposing approaches to the interpretation of time, A-theory and B-theory, which are responsible for the emergence of the new ...B-theory. The text explains how the implications of A-theory influenced the changes in B-theory and how the failure of the old B-theory resulted in the creation of the so-called new B-theory. The mutual influence of A-theory and B-theory has interesting consequences for the A-theory itself, which has been criticized by the new B-theorists for using indexicals in their language. As a result, this research will include a brief overview of this problem. Furthermore, the relationship between the new variants of the date and token-reflexive theory, which have emerged as a direct consequence of the discussion that is the subject of this research, will also be considered. After pointing out the similarities and differences of these positions, the critique of the new B-theory will also be presented, stating that this theory can in no case offer the correct description of time due to its incompatibility with the semantics of the natural language.
Fritjof Capra y la teoría social Ortiz Ocaña, Alexander
Revista Logos ciencia & tecnología,
07/2017, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article presents an overview on the contributions of Capra to postmodern science. Different epistemological conceptions are analyzed from the point of view of this eminent philosopher, scientist ...and epistemologist modern. Special attention has the positivism of Augusto Comte and Emilio Durkheim, the structuralism of Saussure and Lévi-Strauss and dialectic and historical materialism.
Jesse Shera, The Wars and The Pietá Bozzetti, Rodrigo Porto; Saldanha, Gustavo
Brazilian Journal of Information Science,
06/2017, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The purpose of this paper, considering the relevance of Shera thoughts and its repercussions, is to reposition, in epistemological-historical terms, Jesse Shera’s approaches and their impacts ...according to a relation between life and work of the epistemologist. Without the intention of an exhaustive discussion, the purpose is to understand some unequivocal relations between the Shera critique for the context of its theoretical formulation and the consequences of this approach contrary to some tendencies originating from the technical and bureaucratic roots of the field (before and after World War II). It is deduced that Shera, rather than observing the sociopolitical reality and technical partner in which the texture of alibrary-based thought (but visualized by him as documentaryinformational), establishes, in his own praxis, social epistemology as a sort of "critique of the future," that is, as a praxis of the reflexive activity of the subject inserted in this episteme. In our discussion, the epistemological-social approach represents a vanguard for the context of its affirmation, a reassessment for the immediate decades to its presentation(years 1960 and 1970) and a critique for the future of what was consolidated under the notion of information Science, anticipating affirmations of "social nature" of the 1980s and 1990s in the field of information.
It is a commonly held view in contemporary epistemology that for having knowledge it is necessary to have an appropriately based belief, although numerous different views exist about when a belief’s ...base is appropriate. Broadly speaking, they all share the view that one can only have knowledge if the belief’s base is in some sense truth-related or tracking the truth. Baseless knowledge can then be defined as knowledge where the belief is acquired and sustained in a way that does not track the truth. I will argue that rejecting baseless knowledge leads to controversial consequences.
The problem increases if we consider contrasting persons who know because of appropriate belief forming processes but who fail to possess further epistemic virtues such as understanding. I will not argue which belief bases constitute a sufficient condition for knowledge. Rather I will stress the point that the common assumption that an appropriate basing relation constitutes a necessary condition for knowledge has controversial consequences.
Some friends of eliminativism about ordinary material objects such as tables or statues think that we need to make exceptions. In this article, I am interested in Trenton Merricks’ claim that we need ...to make an exception for us, conscious beings, and that we are something over and above simples arranged in suitable ways, unlike tables or statues. I resist this need for making an exception, using the resources of four-dimensionalism.
In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts begannen die meisten europäischen Staaten, Wetterbeobachtungsnetze zu finanzieren. Damit veränderten sich die klimatologischen Datenpraktiken fundamental. ...Am Beispiel der Schweiz beleuchtet dieser Aufsatz die politischen, institutionellen und methodologischen Dimensionen nationaler Datenarchive. Die Institutionalisierung der Datenproduktion im nationalen Rahmen führte einerseits dazu, dass mehr und systematischere Beobachtungen angestellt und publiziert wurden. Andererseits waren die Erhebungen an staatliche Grenzen gebunden, was nicht ausschloss, dass die nationalen Institutionen entsprechend ihrem universalistischen Wissenschaftsverständnis eine Standardisierung auf internationaler Ebene anstrebten. Die nationale Rahmung prägte auch die Verarbeitung der Wetterbeobachtung zu statistischen Größen. Diese bildeten die Grundlage für nationale Klimatografien und entfalteten so eine nationsbildende Wirkung. Die Schweizerische Meteorologische Zentralanstalt schrieb ihren Klimadaten sowohl einen praktischen Nutzen als auch ein großes Potenzial für die Forschung zu. Der epistemische Status der Datenerfassung war aber unsicher, zumal physikalisch orientierte Ansätze an Bedeutung gewannen. Für die Aufrechterhaltung der Datenproduktion erfüllte die Antizipation wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Potenziale eine zentrale Funktion. Das präsentierte schweizerische Fallbeispiel zeigt, dass die Klimatologie unter dem Einfluss der Nationsbildung eine Transformation durchlief, die ihre institutionelle Verankerung, ihre Raumbezüge und ihre Epistemologie erfasste.
Epistemic Freedom in Africa is about the struggle for African people to think, theorize, interpret the world and write from where they are located, unencumbered by Eurocentrism. The imperial denial ...of common humanity to some human beings meant that in turn their knowledges and experiences lost their value, their epistemic virtue. Now, in the twenty-first century, descendants of enslaved, displaced, colonized, and racialized peoples have entered academies across the world, proclaiming loudly that they are human beings, their lives matter and they were born into valid and legitimate knowledge systems that are capable of helping humanity to transcend the current epistemic and systemic crises. Together, they are engaging in diverse struggles for cognitive justice, fighting against the epistemic line which haunts the twenty-first century.The renowned historian and decolonial theorist Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni offers a penetrating and well-argued case for centering Africa as a legitimate historical unit of analysis and epistemic site from which to interpret the world, whilst simultaneously making an equally strong argument for globalizing knowledge from Africa so as to attain ecologies of knowledges. This is a dual process of both deprovincializing Africa, and in turn provincializing Europe. The book highlights how the mental universe of Africa was invaded and colonized, the long-standing struggles for 'an African university', and the trajectories of contemporary decolonial movements such as Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fall in South Africa. This landmark work underscores the fact that only once the problem of epistemic freedom has been addressed can Africa achieve political, cultural, economic and other freedoms.This groundbreaking new book is accessible to students and scholars across Education, History, Philosophy, Ethics, African Studies, Development Studies, Politics, International Relations, Sociology, Postcolonial Studies and the emerging field of Decolonial Studies.
Molla Sadra’nın epistemolojisi, onun ontolojisi kadar özgün boyutlar taşımaktadır. Bu sahada İbrahim Kalın’ın Varlık ve İdrak: Molla Sadra’nın Bilgi Tasavvuru adlı araştırması ile Kemal İsmail ...Lezzık’ın Meratibü’l-Marife ve Heremü’l-Vucud ınde Mulla Sadra adlı eseri anılmaya değer önemli çalışmalardır. Biz bu çalışmada Sadreddin Şirazî’nin epistemolojisini, bilgiyi bir varlık modalitesi olarak ortaya koyması, huzuri bilgiye getirdiği yeni açıklamalar ve bilgi teorisini bilgi-mantık ilişkisi çerçevesinde ele alması yönleriyle incelemeyi amaçlamaktayız.
Burhan, kesin sonuç vermek üzere kesin öncüllerden kurulan bir kıyas türüdür. Burhanın içeriğini oluşturan kesin öncüller, temelde başka bir kıyasın sonucu olmayan, bu anlamda ilke mesabesinde olan ...öncüllere dayanırlar. Bu çalışmada İbn Sînâ’da burhanın ilkeleri konu edinilmiştir. Bu ilkeler, İbn Sînâ’daki son hali ve ondan sonraki İslam mantık literatüründeki yaygın durumuyla ilksel öncüller (evveliyyât), gözlem verileri (müşâhedât), tecrübî bilgiler (mücerrebât), sezgisel önermeler (hadsiyyât), tevatürle bilinenler (mütevâtirât) ve kıyasıyla birlikte olan öncüller olmak üzere altı kısımdan müteşekkildir.Çalışmada İbn Sînâ’nın burhanın ilkeleri hangi zemin ve bağlamda ortaya koyduğu belirlenmiş, bu ilkelere dair sunduğu bilgileri onun muhtelif eserleri dikkate alınarak bütünlüklü bir şekilde sunulmuş ve ele aldığı temel meseleler vazedilmiştir. Onun, selefi Fârâbî’den istifade ettiği yerler tespit edilip ondan ayrışıp özgünlüğünü ortaya koyduğu hususlar gösterilmiş, bununla birlikte kendisinden sonra öne çıkan mantıkçılar tarafından nasıl yorumlandığı da incelenmiştir.
PDF
