Sunat Sifon adalah sebuah tradisi dari suku Atoni Meto. Praktik sunat Sifon sangat khas, karena setelah seorang laki-laki menjalani sunat, ia harus melakukan hubungan seksual dengan perempuan lain ...yang bukan istri atau pasangan tetap, dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan panas, kotoran atau penyakit. Persetubuhan itu dilakukan untuk “mendinginkan” luka sunat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali filosofi tradisi sunat Sifon dan menunjaunya dari pandangan etika Kristen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, khususnya melalui pendekatan studi pustaka dan wawancara langsung dengan beberapa pelaku sunat SIfon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sunat Sifon bertentangan dengan etika Kristen karena mengeksploitasi perempuan secara seksual dan menodai kekudusan perkawinan.
The Characters of Accountant in Adigang, Adigung, Adiguna Philosophy. This study aims to examine the character of accountants in the philosophy of “adigang adigung adiguna” when carrying out a ...working professional. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with several senior auditors as informants. This study finds that the philosophy of “adigang adigung adiguna” arises when accountants conduct audits to publish opinions. Accountants rely on their position, strength, and intelligence to make ethical decisions. This attitude is also very attached to accountants because they always spearhead the financial information scandal. However, this attitude becomes weak if the accountants does not have the power of integrity in carrying out their duties.
U radu razmatramo pojam moralnog uzora nastojeći ukazati na bitna određenja ovog statusa, kao i na određene dileme koje postoje u pogledu vrijednosnog opredjeljenja u vezi s ovim fenomenom. U ...uvodnome dijelu razmatra se kompleksnost sfere moralnog djelovanja, a u okviru toga i kriterija koji su relevantni za određivanje statusa moralnog uzora. Našu analizu tog pojma nastojali smo provesti u kontekstu razmatranja nekoliko područja društvenosti (politika, patriotizam, religija) u okviru kojih pojam moralnog uzora ima svoje značajno mjesto.
In this paper, we consider the notion of a moral model, trying to point out the important definitions of this status, as well as certain dilemmas that exist in terms of value determination in relation to this phenomenon. In the introductory part, the complexity of the sphere of moral action is considered, as well as the criteria that are relevant for determining the status of a moral role model. We tried to conduct our analysis of this notion in the context of considering several areas of sociability (politics, religion, patriotism) within which the notion of moral model has its significant place.
Umjetna inteligencija i obrazovanje Vrcelj, Sofija; Kušić, Siniša; Mrnjaus, Kornelija
JAHR (Rijeka ),
2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sposobnost stroja da demonstrira određenu razinu inteligencije i obavlja funkcije koje zahtijevaju ljudske sposobnosti navodi se kao ključno obilježje umjetne inteligencije. Trenutačno se umjetna ...inteligencija razvija i širi velikom brzinom s tendencijom mijenjanja načina na koje se uči i podučava. Primjena umjetne inteligencije u obrazovanju može se pratiti od uporabe računala, što znači da ima razmjerno dugu povijest. U obrazovnim se institucijama primjenjuje na različite načine, kao što su automatizacija administrativnih procesa i zadataka, razvoj kurikula i obrazovnih materijala te za potrebe unaprjeđivanja podučavanja i olakšavanja procesa učenja. Razvojem tehnologije i jačom procesnom moći računala posljednjih nekoliko godina, umjetna se inteligencija počinje razvijati nevjerojatnom brzinom. Unatoč tome, u nacionalnom kontekstu tek je nekoliko objavljenih radova o toj temi. Svrha je ovoga rada predstaviti potencijale i (etičke) izazove primjene umjetne inteligencije u obrazovanju, njezin utjecaj na podučavanje i mogućnosti da zamijeni učitelje. Da bi se identificiralo trenutačno stanje i razumio utjecaj i mogućnosti primjene umjetne inteligencije u obrazovanju, sustavno je pregledana i analizirana dostupna i relevantna literatura.
A machine’s ability to exhibit a certain level of intelligence and perform functions that require human abilities is listed as the key feature of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is currently developing and spreading very quickly with the tendency to change the ways we learn and teach. The application of artificial intelligence in education can be traced back to the use of computers, i.e. it has a fairly long history. In educational institutions, it is applied in various ways, from the automatization of administrative processes and tasks to the creation of curricula and educational materials, as well as to improve teaching and facilitate the learning process. Due to technological advancement and the increased processing power of computers over the last few years, artificial intelligence has started developing at an incredible pace. Despite this, there are only a few published works on the subject within the national context. The purpose of this paper is to point out the potential and (ethical) challenges of using artificial intelligence in education, its impact on teaching, and the possibility of it replacing teachers. To identify the current state of affairs and assess the impact and possibilities of using artificial intelligence in education, available and relevant literature was systematically reviewed and analyzed.
Ilmu dalam pandangan Islam adalah bagian penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Ia mesti dipelajari dan dimiliki oleh manusia termasuk dalam hal ini ilmu manajemen pendidikan. Dalam perspektif Islam, ilmu ...manajemen pendidikan mesti memuat prinsip dan nilai Islam yang dapat membimbing siswa menuju eksistensinya sendiri. Ilmu manajemen pendidikan konvensional, secara eksplisit tidak memuat makna yang relevan dengan prinsip dan nilai Islam. Hal ini sangat penting sebab manusia berperilaku dan bersikap senantiasa dibimbing oleh ilmu pengetahuan. Namun, secara implisit, ilmu manajemen pendidikan konvensional yang notabene dimunculkan di Barat, telah menggambarkan konsep manajemen yang dikembangkan Nabi Muhammad. Walaupun istilah yang digunakan tidak sejalan dengan Islam, namun dari isi arti telah selaras dengan prinsip dan nilai manajemen pendidikan Islam, yaitu produktivitas, mensejahterahkan, adanya sistem pahala dan dosa, memperhatikan efektifitas dan efisiensi, sumber daya manusia mesti berilmu, bertanggungjawab, mementingkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, pelibatan sumber daya manusia, disiplin, adanya standar, dan memfokuskan pada standar moral dan etika pendidikan Islam.
Manusia dikenal sebagai makhluk sosial yang tidak lepas dari kegiatan saling berinteraksi dengan sesama manusia. Melalui kegiatan interaksi inilah manusia otomatis melakukan kegiatan komunikasi. Pada ...perkembangannya, komunikasi tidak hanya dilakukan secara langsung dalam kehidupan nyata, melainkan juga dapat dilakukan melalui media virtual dengan memanfaatkan akun-akun media sosial. Akan tetapi, pada praktik komunikasi dalam media sosial, masih didapati pelanggaran etika komunikasi dengan adanya penyebaran pesan hoax serta hate speech. Sehingga perlu adanya pengembangan pada etika komunikasi, khususnya etika komunikasi islam. Etika komunikasi islam tidak hanya dijadikan sebagai pemahaman ilmu saja, melainkan adanya implikasi dalam kegiatan komunikasi dalam bermedia sosial. Adanya pemahaman dan pengaplikasian tersebut mampu memberikan pemahaman yang lebih akan pentingnya etika komunikasi dalam bermedia sosial, karena media sosial tidak hanya sebagai sarana komunikasi, melainkan bagian dari budaya interaksi dalam dunia modern.
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Přemysl Pitter je významnou postavou československých dějin, muž, který dokázal svým nadšením a neúnavnou dlouholetou prací překračovat hranice mezi lidmi, národnostmi a církvemi. Ekumenický kazatel, ...humanista, pacifista, muž, který se, podobně jako Sir Nicholas Winton, během válečných a poválečných let angažoval při záchraně dětí – sirotků, bez ohledu na to, jaké byly ná-rodnosti. Jak sám o sobě Pitter říkal, dal svůj život do služeb Bohu, a to hlavně v těch nejmenších – dětech. Nebyly to ale jen děti, Přemysl Pitter byl taktéž významným propagátorem otázky přístupu člověka ke zvířatům, dnes bychom řekli „práv zvířat“, svou činností se za „práva menších“ zasazo-val. Článek poukazuje na ekologicky laděné části Pitterova díla. Právě tato část Pitterova díla ovšem zůstává dodnes nepříliš zmapována. V postavě Přemysla Pittera nacházíme inspirujícího učitele, který usiloval o proměnu člověka, lidstva, ve smyslu zodpovědné svobody, porozumění mezi lidmi, environmentálně příznivého životního stylu a toto vše se snažil předat ve svých před-náškách pro veřejnost, ale i při výchově dětí – válečných sirotků. I proto bychom z dnešního pohle-du Pittera mohli nazvat environmentalistou a enviropedagogem. Dnes, století vzdáleni od počátku Pitterova působení, v kontextu měnících se nálad ve společnosti, v blízkosti válečných konfliktů a s patrnými projevy klimatických změn vidíme, že jeho požadavky na proměnu společnosti a na vý-chovu nové generace, jsou stále aktuální, ba možná aktuálnější, než kdy dříve a že se k mnohým jeho myšlenkám můžeme vrátit.
We are often faced with choices that involve the weighing of people's lives against each other, or the weighing of lives against other good things. These are choices both for individuals and for ...societies. A person who is terminally ill may have to choose between palliative care and more aggressive treatment, which will give her a longer life but at some cost in suffering. We have to choose between the convenience to ourselves of road and air travel, and the lives of the future people who will be killed by the global warming we cause, through violent weather, tropical disease, and heat waves. We also make choices that affect how many lives there will be in the future: as individuals we choose how many children to have, and societies choose tax policies that influence people's choices about having children. These are all problems of weighing lives. How should we weigh lives? Weighing Lives develops a theoretical basis for answering this practical question. It extends the work and methods of Broome's earlier book Weighing Goods to cover the questions of life and death. Difficult problems come up in the process. In particular, Weighing Lives tackles the well-recognized, awkward problems of the ethics of population. It carefully examines the common intuition that adding people to the population is ethically neutral - neither a good nor a bad thing - but eventually concludes this intuition cannot be fitted into a coherent theory of value. In the course of its argument, Weighing Lives examines many of the issues of contemporary moral theory: the nature of consequentialism and teleology; the transitivity, continuity, and vagueness of betterness; the quantitative conception of wellbeing; the notion of a life worth living; the badness of death; and others. This is a work of philosophy, but one of its distinctive features is that it adopts some of the precise methods of economic theory (without introducing complex mathematics). Not only philosophers, but also economists and political theorists concerned with the practical question of valuing life, should find the book's conclusions highly significant to their work. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/philosophy/019924376X/toc.html
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