Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people face the same family issues as their heterosexual counterparts, but that is only the beginning of their struggle. The LGBT community also encounters ...legal barriers to government recognition of their same-sex relationships and relationships to their own children. Policy Issues Affecting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Families addresses partner recognition, parenting, issues affecting children of LGBT parents, health care, discrimination, senior care and elder rights, and equal access to social services. Sean Cahill and Sarah Tobias provide up-to-date, accurate analysis of the major policies affecting LGBT people, their same-sex partners, and their children. This valuable resource offers literature reviews of demographic research as well as original research based on the U.S. Census same-sex couple sample. It also provides a look at the 30-year history of right-wing anti-gay activism and the intra-community intellectual debates over the fight for marriage.
Guided by emotional security theory, this study examined the family-level antecedents of children's reaction patterns to interparental conflict in a sample of 243 preschool children (M age = 4.60 ...years; 48% Black; 16% Latinx; 56% girls) and their parents in the Northeastern United States. Behavioral observations of children's responses to interparental conflict over two annual measurement occasions assessed their tendencies to exhibit four patterns of defending against threat: secure (i.e., efficiently address direct threats), mobilizing (i.e., high reactivity to potential threat and social opportunities), dominant (i.e., directly defeat threat), and demobilizing (i.e., reduce salience as a target of hostility). Latent profile analyses of interparental, coparental, and parent characteristics derived from multiple methods at the first wave yielded four profiles corresponding with harmonious, enmeshed, compensatory, and detouring patterns of family-level functioning. Additional analyses revealed that children in harmonious and compensatory family profiles exhibited more secure patterns of reactivity over a 1-year period than children in the enmeshed family profile. In contrast, subsequent mobilizing reactivity was most pronounced for children in the enmeshed family profile. Finally, children in the detouring profile exhibited substantially higher levels of demobilizing reactivity to interparental conflict. Results are discussed in the context of how they inform and refine emotional security theory.
Public Significance Statement
This study suggests that there are distinct profiles of family functioning (i.e., interparental and parent-child qualities) that precede changes in children's patterns of behavioral reactivity to conflict between their parents. Because children's patterns of reactivity to conflict predict their mental health outcomes, understanding the family antecedents may help advance clinical targets and tools designed to promote children's coping and adjustment.
We show that family background matters significantly for children’s accumulation of wealth and investor behavior as adults, even when removing the genetic connection between children and the parents ...raising them. The analysis is made possible by linking Korean-born children who were adopted at infancy by Norwegian parents to a population panel data set with detailed information on wealth and socioeconomic characteristics. The mechanism by which these Korean-Norwegian adoptees were assigned to adoptive families is known and effectively random. This mechanism allows us to estimate the causal effects from an adoptee being raised in one type of family versus another.
Skeletons in the closet Sev'er, Aysan; Trost, Jan E
Skeletons in the closet,
c2011, 2011, 2011-01-17, 2011-09-28, 20110101, 2010
eBook, Book
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Family conflict has traditionally been studied by researchers who are at a safe intellectual distance from the families under their study. In Skeletons in the Closet , and in line with ...feminist research methodologies, the hierarchical distance between researcher and subject is broken down. All of the contributors to this volume are academics, and all are closely related to the families they write about.
Skeletons in the Closet consists of ten essays about unresolved or unresolvable family conflicts. The contributors start from the assumption that families—whether legal-marriage families, common-law marriage families, single-parent families, multiple-generation families, same-sex partnerships, or adoptive families—are cradles of intense emotion. That intensity, they argue, may translate into conflict, competition, domination, abuse, exploitation, or even hate. This book explores those areas most likely to grip family members in unresolved interpersonal strife, as well as the strategies people use to solve the issues and the shame and isolation that conflict brings in societies that normatively expect family life to be one of joy, mutual sharing, and caring.
This first-hand narration of family conflict by social scholars has much to contribute to sociological studies of the family, both methodologically and theoretically. The introduction and conclusion place family conflict within sociological and social psychological theories and methods.
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Living in a doubled-up, or shared, household is a common experience. Nearly one-half of children in the United States double up at some point during childhood, yet we know little about the cumulative ...effects of these households on children. This study estimates the effects on young adult health and educational attainment of childhood years spent in three doubled-up household types: (1) those formed with children’s grandparent(s), (2) those formed with children’s adult sibling(s), and (3) those formed with other extended family or non-kin adults. Using marginal structural models and inverse probability of treatment weighting—methods that account for the fact that household composition is both a cause and consequence of other family characteristics—I find that doubling up shapes children’s life chances, but the effects vary depending on children’s relationships with household members. Childhood years spent living with nongrandparent extended family or non-kin adults are associated with worse young adult outcomes, but coresidence with grandparents is not significantly associated with young adult outcomes after selection into these households is accounted for, and coresidence with adult siblings may be beneficial in some domains. By studying the effects of coresidence with adults beyond the nuclear family, this research contributes to a fuller understanding of the implications of family complexity for children.
What does it mean to talk of family problems as opposed to individual problems? The use of the word clearly reminds the reader of the relational character of everyday troubles and, more than this, ...raises particular issues of dependency, mutuality, and obligations. My approach in terms of “family practices” highlights the ways in which everyday actions and reactions continually constitute family life, while the introduction of the term troubling families adds further levels of complexity to do with the boundaries between public and private. I explore these issues through a fictional example (Terence Rattigan’s play The Winslow Boy) as well as sociological case material.
The Role of Family in Family Firms Bertrand, Marianne; Schoar, Antoinette
The Journal of economic perspectives,
04/2006, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
History is replete with examples of spectacular ascents of family businesses. Yet there are also numerous accounts of family businesses brought down by bitter feuds among family members, disappointed ...expectations between generations, and tragic sagas of later generations unable to manage their wealth. A large fraction of businesses throughout the world are organized around families. Why are family firms so prevalent? What are the implications of family control for the governance, financing and overall performance of these businesses?
During the past several decades, family and household religion
has become a topic of Old Testament scholarship in its own right,
fed by what were initially three distinct approaches: the
...religious-historical approach, the gender-oriented approach, and
the archaeological approach. The first pursues answers to questions
of the commonality and difference between varieties of family
religion and describes the household and family religions of
Mesopotamia, Syria/Ugarit, Israel, Philistia, Egypt, Greece, and
Rome. Gender-oriented approaches also contribute uniquely important
insights to family and household religion. Pioneers of this sort of
investigation show that, although women in ancient Israelite
societies were very restricted in their participation in the
official cult, there were familial rituals performed in domestic
environments in which women played prominent roles, especially as
related to fertility, childbirth, and food preparation.
Archaeologists have worked to illuminate many aspects of this
family religion as enacted by and related to the nuclear family
unit and have found evidence that domestic cults were more
important in Israel than has previously been understood. One might
even conceive of every family as having actively partaken in ritual
activities within its domestic environment.
Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the
Levant analyzes the appropriateness of the combined term
family and household religion and identifies the types of family
that existed in ancient Israel on the basis of both literary and
archaeological evidence. Comparative evidence from Iron Age
Philistia, Transjordan, Syria, and Phoenicia is presented. This
monumental book presents a typology of cult places that extends
from domestic cults to local sanctuaries and state temples. It
details family religious beliefs as expressed in the almost 3,000
individual Hebrew personal names that have so far been recorded in
epigraphic and biblical material. The Hebrew onomasticon is further
compared with 1,400 Ammonite, Moabite, Aramean, and Phoenician
names. These data encompass the vast majority of known Hebrew
personal names and a substantial sample of the names from
surrounding cultures. In this impressive compilation of evidence,
the authors describe the variety of rites performed by families at
home, at a neighborhood shrine, or at work. Burial rituals and the
ritual care for the dead are examined. A comprehensive
bibliography, extensive appendixes, and several helpful indexes
round out the masterful textual material to form a one-volume
compendium that no scholar of ancient Israelite religion and
archaeology can afford not to own.
Scholars have long looked to family composition to understand child well-being. The study of family instability, or the experience of repeated changes in parents' union status during childhood, ...represents a recent advance in this field that takes into account the dynamic nature of contemporary family organization and considers its implications for children's adjustment and development. We review some of the structural and cultural factors that have contributed to rising levels of family instability and highlight the emergence of national data to measure it. We then review the perspective that guides much of the scholarship on family instability and critically assess the contributions of this work to the understanding of child well-being. We close by suggesting new directions for research, with a call for work that broadens the conceptualization and measurement of contemporary children's family systems and home environments as well as the mechanisms that explain why-or whether-instability matters.
Liberating economics Barker, Drucilla; Feiner, Susan F
2004., 20090526, 2004, c2004.
eBook
Liberating Economics draws on central concepts from women's studies scholarship to construct a feminist understanding of the economic roles of families, caring labor, motherhood, paid and unpaid ...labor, poverty, the feminization of labor, and the consequences of globalization. Barker and Feiner consistently recognize the importance of social location—gender, race, class, sexual identity, and nationality—in economic processes shaping the home, paid employment, market relations, and the global economy. Throughout they connect women's economic status in the industrialized nations to the economic circumstances surrounding women in the global South. Rooted in the two disciplines, this book draws on the rich tradition of interdisciplinary work in feminist social science scholarship to construct a parallel between the notions that the "personal is political" and "the personal is economic."
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