Frankfurt am Main, in common with other imperial German cities, enjoyed a large degree of legal autonomy during the early modern period, and produced a unique and rich body of criminal archives. In ...particular, Frankfurt’s Strafenbuch, which records all criminal sentences between 1562 and 1696, provides a fascinating insight into contemporary penal trends. Drawing on this and other rich resources, Dr. Boes reveals shifting and fluid attitudes towards crime and punishment and how these were conditioned by issues of gender, class, and social standing within the city’s establishment. She attributes a significant role in this process to the steady proliferation of municipal advocates, jurists trained in Roman Law, who wielded growing legal and penal prerogatives. Over the course of the book, it is demonstrated how the courts took an increasingly hard line with select groups of people accused of criminal behavior, and the open manner with which advocates exercised cultural, religious, racial, gender, and sexual-orientation repressions. Parallel with this, however, is identified a trend of marked leniency towards soldiers who enjoyed an increasingly privileged place within the judicial system. In light of this discrepancy between the treatment of civilians and soldiers, the advocates’ actions highlight the emergence and spread of a distinct military judicial culture and Frankfurt’s city council’s contribution to the quasi-militarization of a civilian court. By highlighting the polarized and changing ways the courts dealt with civilian and military criminals, a fuller picture is presented not just of Frankfurt’s sentencing and penal practices, but of broader attitudes within early modern Germany to issues of social position and cultural identity.
Strange Brethren Scholz, Maximilian Miguel
2022, 2021-01-01
eBook
As Strange Brethren shows, many of the hallmarks of modern Protestantism--its confessional divides and its disciplinary structures--resulted from the encounter between refugees and their ...hosts.Studies in Early Modern German History.
Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Max Horkheimer, Franz Neumann, Theodor Adorno, Leo Lowenthal—the impact of the Frankfurt School on the sociological, political, and cultural thought of the twentieth ...century has been profound. The Dialectical Imagination is a major history of this monumental cultural and intellectual enterprise during its early years in Germany and in the United States. Martin Jay has provided a substantial new preface for this edition, in which he reflects on the continuing relevance of the work of the Frankfurt School.
Three Cities a fter Hitler compares
how three prewar German cities shared decades of postwar
development under three competing post-Nazi regimes: Frankfurt in
capitalist West Germany, Leipzig in ...communist East Germany, and
Wrocław (formerly Breslau) in communist Poland. Each city was
rebuilt according to two intertwined modern trends. First, certain
local edifices were chosen to be resurrected as "sacred sites" to
redeem the national story after Nazism. Second, these tokens of a
reimagined past were staged against the hegemony of modernist
architecture and planning, which wiped out much of whatever was
left of the urban landscape that had survived the war. All three
cities thus emerged with simplified architectural narratives, whose
historically layered complexities only survived in fragments where
this twofold "redemptive reconstruction" after Nazism had proven
less vigorous, sometimes because local citizens took action to save
and appropriate them. Transcending both the Iron Curtain and
freshly homogenized nation-states, three cities under three rival
regimes shared a surprisingly common history before, during, and
after Hitler-in terms of both top-down planning policies and
residents' spontaneous efforts to make home out of their city as
its shape shifted around them.
Despite many expulsion attempts in the 16th century, the Frankfurt community advanced to become the center of the Jewish world in the Early Modern Age in the German-speaking region. Cilli ...Kasper-Holtkotte explores the history of the Frankfurt Jews during this period - a topic scarcely studied until now - and investigates the profound influence social networks and conflicts exerted on the lives of Jewish families. The study is based on rarely researched court records, minutes of city council meetings and Jewish community records from the Early Modern Age, which are explained thematically in the second part of the work. Trotz verschiedener Vertreibungsversuche im 16. Jahrhundert avancierte die Frankfurter Gemeinde in der Frühen Neuzeit zum Zentrum der jüdischen Welt im deutschsprachigen Raum. Cilli Kasper-Holtkotte widmet sich der bislang kaum erforschten Geschichte der Frankfurter Juden in dieser Zeit und geht der Frage nach, wie soziale Netzwerke und Konflikte das Leben jüdischer Familien prägten. Die Studie stützt sich auf bislang kaum beachtete frühneuzeitliche Gerichtsakten, auf Ratsprotokolle und Judenschafts-Akten, die im zweiten Teil des Werkes thematisch erschlossen werden.
Secret reports on Nazi Germany Neumann, Franz; Marcuse, Herbert; Kirchheimer, Otto ...
2013., 20130714, 2013, 2013-07-14
eBook
During the Second World War, three prominent members of the Frankfurt School--Franz Neumann, Herbert Marcuse, and Otto Kirchheimer--worked as intelligence analysts for the Office of Strategic ...Services, the wartime forerunner of the CIA. This book brings together their most important intelligence reports on Nazi Germany, most of them published here for the first time.
These reports provide a fresh perspective on Hitler's regime and the Second World War, and a fascinating window on Frankfurt School critical theory. They develop a detailed analysis of Nazism as a social and economic system and the role of anti-Semitism in Nazism, as well as a coherent plan for the reconstruction of postwar Germany as a democratic political system with a socialist economy. These reports played a significant role in the development of postwar Allied policy, including denazification and the preparation of the Nuremberg Trials. They also reveal how wartime intelligence analysis shaped the intellectual agendas of these three important German-Jewish scholars who fled Nazi persecution prior to the war.
Secret Reports on Nazi Germanyfeatures a foreword by Raymond Geuss as well as a comprehensive general introduction by Raffaele Laudani that puts these writings in historical and intellectual context.
The term 'Frankfurt School' is used widely, but sometimes loosely, to describe both a group of intellectuals and a specific social theory. Focusing on the formative and most radical years of the ...Frankfurt School, during the 1930s, this study concentrates on the Frankfurt School's most original contributions made to the work on a 'critical theory of society' by the philosophers Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse, the psychologist Erich Fromm, and the aesthetician Theodor W. Adorno.Phil Slater traces the extent, and ultimate limits, of the Frankfurt School's professed relation to the Marxian critique of political economy. In considering the extent of the relation to revolutionary praxis, he discusses the socio-economic and political history of Weimar Germany in its descent into fascism, and considers the work of such people as Karl Korsch, Wilhelm Reich, Walter Benjamin and Bertolt Brecht, which directs a great deal of critical light on the Frankfurt School.While pinpointing the ultimate limitations of the Frankfurt School's frame of reference, Phil Slater also looks at the role their work played (largely against their wishes) in the emergence of the student anti-authoritarian movement in the 1960s. He shows that, in particular, the analysis of psychic and cultural manipulation was central to the young rebels' theoretical armour, but that even here, the lack of economic class analysis seriously restricts the critical edge of the Frankfurt School's theory. His conclusion is that the only way forward is to rescue the most radical roots of the Frankfurt School's work, and to recast these in the context of a practical theory of economic and political emancipation.
This article uses the history of Jewish street names in Frankfurt to challenge prevailing narratives about World War I's deleterious effect on Jewish integration in Germany. It also shows how spatial ...theory can raise new questions and enrich our understanding of the nature and markers of Jewish integration. By naming streets after prominent local and national Jews between 1872 and 1933, Frankfurt's municipal government used urban space to physically reinforce the idea that Jews were an integral part of their city's history and culture. The continued presence of many of these 49 Jewish street names during the five years following the Nazi Party's seizure of power suggests a surprising tenacity of certain elements of Jewish integration at a local level into the early years of the Third Reich. In the end, only an outside edict from Berlin brought about the final “aryanization” of Frankfurt's streets.
Toward a Concrete Philosophy explores the reactions of Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse to Martin Heidegger prior to their dismissal of him once he turned to the Nazi party in ...1933. Mikko Immanen provides a fascinating glimpse of the three future giants of twentieth-century social criticism when they were still looking for their philosophical voices. By reconstructing their overlooked debates with Heidegger and Heideggerians, Immanen argues that Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse saw Heidegger's 1927 magnum opus, Being and Time, as a serious effort to make philosophy relevant for life again and as the most provocative challenge to their nascent materialist diagnoses of the discontents of European modernity. Our knowledge of Adorno's "Frankfurt discussion" with "Frankfurt Heideggerians" remains anecdotal, even though it led to a proto-version of Dialectic of Enlightenment 's idea of the entwinement of myth and reason. Similarly, Horkheimer's enthusiasm over Heidegger's legendary post–World War I lectures and criticism of Being and Time have escaped attention almost entirely. And Marcuse's intriguing debate with Heidegger over Hegel and the origin of the problematic of "being and time" has remained uncharted until now. Reading these debates as fruitful intellectual encounters rather than hostile confrontations, Toward a Concrete Philosophy offers scholars of critical theory a new, thought-provoking perspective on the emergence of the Frankfurt School as a rejoinder to Heidegger's philosophical revolution.
