Louis XIV, regency, rococo, neoclassical, empire, art nouveau, and historicist pastiche: furniture styles march across French history as regimes rise and fall. In this extraordinary social history, ...Leora Auslander explores the changing meaning of furniture from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth century, revealing how the aesthetics of everyday life were as integral to political events as to economic and social transformations. Enriched by Auslander's experience as a cabinetmaker, this work demonstrates how furniture served to represent and even generate its makers' and consumers' identities.
The Jews of Modern France explores the endlessly complex
encounter of France and its Jews from just before the Revolution to
the eve of the twenty-first century. In the late eighteenth
century, some ...forty thousand Jews lived in scattered communities on
the peripheries of the French state, not considered French by
others or by themselves. Two hundred years later, in 1989, France
celebrated the anniversary of the Revolution with the largest, most
vital Jewish population in western and central Europe. Paula Hyman
looks closely at the period that began when France's Jews were
offered citizenship during the Revolution. She shows how they and
succeeding generations embraced the opportunities of integration
and acculturation, redefined their identities, adapted their
Judaism to the pragmatic and ideological demands of the time, and
participated fully in French culture and politics. Within this same
period, Jews in France fell victim to a secular political
antisemitism that mocked the gains of emancipation, culminating
first in the Dreyfus Affair and later in the murder of one-fourth
of them in the Holocaust. Yet up to the present day, through
successive waves of immigration, Jews have asserted the
compatibility of their French identity with various versions of
Jewish particularity, including Zionism. This remarkable view in
microcosm of the modern Jewish experience will interest general
readers and scholars alike.
Traces of History Denton, Margaret Fields
Getty research journal,
01/2022, Letnik:
15, Številka:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aims of this study of four photographs by Hippolyte Bayard that were taken in Paris between 1848 and 1850 are twofold. One objective is to provide the historical details necessary to understand ...the ways in which the images engaged with events of the 1848 Revolution. The other is to bring attention to how photography’s contribution to the historical record differs from that of other visual media such as paintings, prints, and drawings. The fact that the photograph denoted a temporal specificity put Bayard in the unique position of being able to evince the transitional and ephemeral nature of the 1848 Revolution that so many of his contemporaries remarked upon.
The Vendee is the name of a small river in western France. This article discusses the uprisings and battles that took place in this region in the 1790s during the French Revolution.
Nie ulega wątpliwości, że u podstaw współczesnego porządku społeczno‑politycznego leżą w ogromnej mierze antropologiczno‑polityczne idee doby Oświecenia i wieńczącej jej Wielkiej Rewolucji ...Burżuazyjnej we Francji. Racjonalizm, sekularyzacja, prawa człowie‑ ka należą do fundamentalnych podstaw ideowych większości nur‑ tów politycznych XIX stulecia. Analiza oświeceniowej antropologii i koncepcji politycznych stanowi conditio sine qua non zrozumienia intelektualnych podstaw współczesnej cywilizacji europejskiej.
The French Revolution brought principles of “liberty, equality, fraternity” to bear on the day-to-day challenges of governing what was then the largest country in Europe. Its experiments provided a ...model for future revolutions and democracies across the globe, but this first modern revolution had no model to follow. Using reconstructed transcripts of debates held in the Revolution’s first parliament, we present a quantitative analysis of how this body managed innovation. We use information theory to track the creation, transmission, and destruction of word-use patterns across over 40,000 speeches and a thousand speakers. The parliament as a whole was biased toward the adoption of new patterns, but speakers’ individual qualities could break these overall trends. Speakers on the left innovated at higher rates, while speakers on the right acted to preserve prior patterns. Key players such as Robespierre (on the left) and Abbé Maury (on the right) played information-processing roles emblematic of their politics. Newly created organizational functions—such as the Assembly president and committee chairs—had significant effects on debate outcomes, and a distinct transition appears midway through the parliament when committees, external to the debate process, gained new powers to “propose and dispose.” Taken together, these quantitative results align with existing qualitative interpretations, but also reveal crucial information-processing dynamics that have hitherto been overlooked. Great orators had the public’s attention, but deputies (mostly on the political left) who mastered the committee system gained new powers to shape revolutionary legislation.
The year 1798 was a major turning point in French presence in the Mediterranean area. On the one hand, the European conquest forced the authorities to give a clear definition of what it meant to be ...French and what rights could be granted in the Ottoman territories. On the other hand, France’s failure to take Malta demonstrated its difficulties in asserting domination in the Levant. Finally, Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign created a major break in relations with the Ottoman Empire and changed French presence in the Maghreb in the long term.
A network framework of cultural history Schich, Maximilian; Song, Chaoming; Ahn, Yong-Yeol ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
08/2014, Letnik:
345, Številka:
6196
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The emergent processes driving cultural history are a product of complex interactions among large numbers of individuals, determined by difficult-to-quantify historical conditions. To characterize ...these processes, we have reconstructed aggregate intellectual mobility over two millennia through the birth and death locations of more than 150,000 notable individuals. The tools of network and complexity theory were then used to identify characteristic statistical patterns and determine the cultural and historical relevance of deviations. The resulting network of locations provides a macroscopic perspective of cultural history, which helps us to retrace cultural narratives of Europe and North America using large-scale visualization and quantitative dynamical tools and to derive historical trends of cultural centers beyond the scope of specific events or narrow time intervals.
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