•Methods for analyzing naturalistic driving data.•Various factors influencing driving behavior under naturalistic driving conditions.•Strategies to improve road safety by using naturalistic driving ...data.•Limitations of naturalistic driving studies.
For a decade, researchers working in the area of road safety have started exploring the use of driving behavior data for a better understanding of the causes related to road accidents. A review of the literature reveals the excellent potential of naturalistic driving studies carried out by collecting vehicle performance data and driver behavior data during normal, impaired, and safety-critical situations. An in-depth understanding of driver behavior helps analyze and implement pre-crash safety measures - the development of enforcement policies, infrastructure design, and intelligent vehicle safety systems. The present paper attempts to review the naturalistic driving studies that have been undertaken so far. The paper begins with an overview of different methods for collecting unobtrusive driver behavior data during their day to day trip, followed by a discussion of various factors affecting driving behavior and their influence on vehicle performance parameters. The paper also discusses the strategies mentioned in the literature for improving driving behavior using naturalistic driving studies to enhance road safety. Some of the major findings of this review suggest that i) driver behavior is a major cause in the majority of the road accidents ii) drivers generally reduce their speed and increases headway as a compensatory measure to reduce the workload imposed during distracting activity and adverse weather conditions iii) mobile phone has emerged as a potential device for collecting naturalistic driving data and, iv) improvement in driving behavior can be achieved by providing feedback to the drivers about their driving behavior. This can be done by implementing usage-based insurance schemes such as pay as you drive (PAYD), pay how you drive (PHYD), and manage how you drive (MHYD). While a considerable amount of research has been done to analyze driving behavior under naturalistic conditions, some areas which are yet to be explored are highlighted in the present paper.
In the last few years, the Global positioning system (GPS) has been used to study travel patterns with the advancement of data collection techniques. A GPS device precisely records the time and the ...location data of an individual travel. The accuracy of travel studies is usually improved by integrating travel surveys or travel activity diaries with GPS data. GPS surveys are implemented to replace paper-based techniques and reduce human error on trip-misreporting issues. Several reviews have been performed previously on GPS travel studies. Still, a detailed systematic review on the comparison of different modes and methods on the entire procedure of GPS data processing has not been thoroughly studied. This review identified 116 peer-reviewed studies and journal papers from 2013 to 2020, and 53 papers were studied. The review focused on travel behavior pattern (TBP) analysis using GPS studies only and a combination of travel surveys. Our review reveals that 53 only 40 have quality assessment scores of >50 %, meaning the remaining TBP studies are conventional methods. The study also benefits data analysis and researchers to select the most appropriate data collection techniques for studying TBP and improvise them further for meta-analysis travel behavior studies.
Vehicles equipped with GPS localizers are an important sensory device for examining people’s movements and activities. Taxis equipped with GPS localizers serve the transportation needs of a large ...number of people driven by diverse needs; their traces can tell us where passengers were picked up and dropped off, which route was taken, and what steps the driver took to find a new passenger. In this article, we provide an exhaustive survey of the work on mining these traces. We first provide a formalization of the data sets, along with an overview of different mechanisms for preprocessing the data. We then classify the existing work into three main categories: social dynamics, traffic dynamics and operational dynamics. Social dynamics refers to the study of the collective behaviour of a city’s population, based on their observed movements; Traffic dynamics studies the resulting flow of the movement through the road network; Operational dynamics refers to the study and analysis of taxi driver’s
modus operandi
. We discuss the different problems currently being researched, the various approaches proposed, and suggest new avenues of research. Finally, we present a historical overview of the research work in this field and discuss which areas hold most promise for future research.
A new generation of bike-sharing services without docking stations is currently revolutionizing the traditional bike-sharing market as it dramatically expands around the world. This study aims at ...understanding the usage of new dockless bike-sharing services through the lens of Singapore's prevalent service. We collected the GPS data of all dockless bikes from one of the largest bike sharing operators in Singapore for nine consecutive days, for a total of over 14 million records. We adopted spatial autoregressive models to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of bike usage during the study period. The models explored the impact of bike fleet size, surrounding built environment, access to public transportation, bicycle infrastructure, and weather conditions on the usage of dockless bikes. Larger bike fleet is associated with higher usage but with diminishing marginal impact. In addition, high land use mixtures, easy access to public transportation, more supportive cycling facilities, and free-ride promotions positively impact the usage of dockless bikes. The negative influence of rainfall and high temperatures on bike utilization is also exhibited. The study also offered some guidance to urban planners, policy makers, and transportation practitioners who wish to promote bike-sharing service while ensuring its sustainability.
The 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila destructive earthquake was successfully recorded by closely spaced 10 Hz and 1 Hz recording GPS receivers and strong motion accelerometers located above or close to ...the 50° dipping activated fault. We retrieved both static and dynamic displacements from very high rate GPS (VHRGPS) recordings by using Precise Point Positioning kinematic analysis. We compared the GPS positions' time series with the closest displacement time series obtained by doubly integrating strong motion data, first, to assess the GPS capability to detect the first seismic arrivals (P waves) and, second, to evaluate the accelerometers' capability to detect coseismic offsets up to ∼45 s after the earthquake occurrence. By comparing seismic and VHRGPS frequency contents, we inferred that GPS sampling rates greater than 2.5 Hz (i.e., 5 or 10 Hz) are required in the near field of moderate‐magnitude events to provide “alias‐free” solutions of coseismic dynamic displacements. Finally, we assessed the consistency of the dynamic VHRGPS results as a constraint on the kinematic rupture history of the main shock. These results suggested that the high‐rate sampling GPS sites in the near field can be as useful as strong motion stations for earthquake source studies.
During recent years, one of the most familiar names scaling new heights and creating a benchmark in the world is the Internet of Things (IoT). It is indeed the future of communication that has ...transformed things (objects) of the real-world into smart objects. The functional aspect of IoT is to unite every object of the world under one common infrastructure; in such a manner that humans not only have the ability to control those objects; but to provide regular and timely updates on the current status. IoT concepts were proposed a couple of years ago and it may not be incorrect to quote that this term has become a benchmark for establishing communication among objects. In context to the present standings of IoT, a comprehensive review of literature has been undertaken on various aspects of IoT, i.e., technologies, applications, challenges, etc. This paper evaluates various contributions of researchers in different areas of applications. These papers were investigated on various parameters identified in each application domain. Furthermore, existing challenges in these areas are highlighted. Future research directions in the field of IoT have also been highlighted in the study to equip novel researchers in this area to assess the current standings of IoT and to improve upon them with innovative ideas.
Assessment Of GNSS Positioning Techniques In EGYPT Abd El-rahman Abd El- naeim; Ahmed Elhatab; Marwa Azzam ...
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal (Online),
03/2024, Letnik:
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This research delves into Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning accuracy, focusing on GPS, GLONASS, and their combined utility to evaluate GLONASS as an independent system in case ...GPS is down. The study spans three phases. First, data from stations located in Port Said, analyzed using relative positioning technique, GPS shows an average coordinate deviation of 0.32 millimeters for GPS-only scenarios, while GLONASS exhibits 1.045 millimeters for GLONASS-only scenarios. Merging both narrows this gap, especially in shorter baselines. Second, an extensive dataset over three years from eight Egyptian stations, using GPS and GLONASS as references, shows that GPS consistently provides better three-dimensional accuracy in most stations with close values. Finally, employing Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques, the study rigorously compares three processing software solutions (PPPH, PPP-ARISEN, PRIDE-PPPAR) with the same dataset. PRIDE-PPPAR closely aligns with BERNESE software accuracy, followed by PPP-ARISEN and PPPH. These findings suggest that GLONASS alone can be used for many applications, and open-source PPP software can be employed with acceptable accuracy.
We analyze data from 580 continuous global positioning system (GPS) stations in California to quantify differences in published velocity estimates from five analysis centers. Horizontal and vertical ...rates for individual stations can differ up to 5 mm/yr, with systematic differences in some areas comparable to deformation rates. Published velocity uncertainties vary between analysis centers and are systematically underreported in the horizontal relative to empirical uncertainties calculated from the scatter of analysis center velocities. In the vertical, published velocity uncertainties are both over and underreported and vary more widely between centers. An interpolated ensemble vertical velocity field shows high‐subsidence regions in the Central Valley and Salton Trough have the largest empirical uncertainties, while station density has a modest impact on uncertainties. Applications that rely on subcentimeter GPS accuracy should consider the possibility that formal errors published with velocity rate estimates understate true velocity uncertainties in both the horizontal and vertical.
Plain Language Summary
The continuous recordings from geodetic grade global positioning system (GPS) sensors provides high resolution ground motion measurements. Multiple analysis centers process the raw GPS data into daily station positions and provide high quality data to the scientific community. Each analysis center applies different processing techniques and model corrections that produce differences in the final time series product. We analyze the GPS positions and published velocities for five analysis centers and develop a composite velocity dataset with uncertainties for 580 stations in California. We also reanalyze station velocities using two standard methods to assess if the velocity differences between analysis centers arise from the underlying positions or the time series analysis. We find that horizontals positions are consistent, but vertical positions, which are an order of magnitude smaller, vary by analysis center and exhibit their greatest discrepancies in areas of largest observed subsidence. We further evaluate the vertical velocity field from all five analysis centers and develop an ensemble velocity field to characterize the spatially varying uncertainty. Our results demonstrate the importance of assessing position uncertainty using multiple analysis centers when informing geophysical models of observed ground motions.
Key Points
Systematic review of California global positioning system positions and the published and derived velocities using data from five different analysis centers
Published uncertainties show variability between analysis centers, are underreported, and do not reflect the true velocity uncertainties
Vertical rates for individual stations differ up to 5 mm/yr, with systematic differences in areas of highest subsidence and uplift
The Boreas dataset was collected by driving a repeated route over the course of 1 year, resulting in stark seasonal variations and adverse weather conditions such as rain and falling snow. In total, ...the Boreas dataset includes over 350 km of driving data featuring a 128-channel Velodyne Alpha-Prime lidar, a 360° Navtech CIR304-H scanning radar, a 5MP FLIR Blackfly S camera, and centimetre-accurate post-processed ground truth poses. Our dataset will support live leaderboards for odometry, metric localization, and 3D object detection. The dataset and development kit are available at boreas.utias.utoronto.ca.
Abstract
GPS Signals (L1 C/A, L2 & L5) are widely used for accurate location determination and appropriate navigation with the support of GPS Receivers data. This paper provides generation of GPS ...Legacy Navigation data, evaluation of Power Spectral Density (PSD) of L1 C/A, L2 & L5 signals using frame structure, obtained the autocorrelation of GPS C/A (Coarse Acquisition) – Code & Precision Code and PSD of complex Baseband GPS Signal. With the help of the received signal, create a Navigational System Based GPS (NSBG). Various parameters like a clock, “Universal-Time-Coordinated”-(UTC), ionosphere, and – “Navigation-Message-Correction”-(NMC) are necessary to test the receiver side. The proposed work is obtain the evaluation of Power Spectral Density (PSD) for complex Baseband GPS Signals like L1 C/A, L2 & L5 using frame structure and the autocorrelation of GPS C/A (Coarse Acquisition) – Code & Precision Code.
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