Recounting the events of the #NoG20 protests in Hamburg in 2017, particularly the effects of the ban of one large scale protest camp by the authorities, this paper investigates how the protest was ...re-organized after the ban. Within a wide variety of existing forms of social movement organization (SMO), protest camps are increasingly visible and important, occurring on all continents and with increasing frequency. It appears that making a camp can be a strategy for network-based organization to materialize spatially where formal organizing is absent or eschewed. Based on interviews with participants and document analysis, the paper analyses the emergence of alternative hospitality structures, and of a new antagonism helping to forge a collective identity of the #NoG20 mobilisation. We structure our analysis through the notion of “care for the whole,” in which Rodrigo Nunes describes parameters of strategic action in networked SMO. We advance organizational thinking by extending this notion with two further dimensions: the literal caring for participants needs and its infrastructures; and the creation of a sense of community in narrative and representation. This can be applied in the analysis in any networked organization aspiring to be more democratic and open.
•A new machine learning-based model for prediction of rut depth of asphalt mixtures.•Formulating the model in terms of typical mixture components and test conditions.•Sensitivity analysis has a good ...agreement with laboratory results.•A viable rut depth model for different climates and traffic levels.
This study presents a new model for the prediction of rutting depth of asphalt mixtures using a machine learning technique called gene expression programming (GEP). A database containing a comprehensive collection of Hamburg test results is used to develop a GEP-based prediction model. The database includes 96 tests results for various asphalt mixtures. The model is formulated in terms of typical influencing variables such as asphalt binder high temperature performance grade (PG), mixture type, aggregate size, aggregate gradation, asphalt content, and total asphalt binder recycling content. The model accuracy was assessed through a rigorous validation process. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the variables on the rutting depth in the GEP model. A comparative study has been conducted to benchmark the prediction performance of the GEP model against an artificial neural network model. The model is capable of capturing the differences in mixture properties and test conditions. The model is recommended for pre-design purposes or as a tool to determine rut depth in asphalt mixtures when laboratory testing is not feasible.
"Ein Porträt Ernst Cassirers als akademischer Lehrer und Rektor der Hamburgischen Universität und als engagierter liberaler Demokrat. Von 1919 bis 1933 gehörte der Philosoph Ernst Cassirer zu den ...prägenden Persönlichkeiten an der gerade gegründeten Hamburgischen Universität und im Kulturleben der Hansestadt. Hier schuf er einige seiner wichtigsten philosophischen Werke. Zugleich gab er in diesen Jahren der jungen deutschen Demokratie Flankenschutz. Davon legen insbesondere seine berühmten Reden zur Feier der Weimarer Verfassung, in denen er den politischen Diskurs geistesgeschichtlich zu fundieren suchte, eindrücklich Zeugnis ab. Doch jenseits seiner Äußerungen mischte er sich auch in tagesaktuelle politische Geschehnisse und gesellschaftspolitische Kontroversen ein. Angesichts antisemitischer Ausgrenzung verließ er im März 1933 gemeinsam mit seiner Frau das nationalsozialistische Deutschland. Wenig später bat er die Hamburger Hochschulbehörde um Enthebung von seinen akademischen Ämtern und ging ins Exil, das ihn über Großbritannien und Schweden bis in die USA führte."
Urban stormwater ponds (SPs) are important for flood protection strategies in areas with heavily sealed soils as they mitigate the negative effects of floods. SPs with temporary waters (TWs) are only ...flooded when water levels or surface runoffs are high, while SPs with permanent waters (PWs) contain a permanently flooded area. In urban areas, SPs are important secondary habitats for plants and animals as natural aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats are often destroyed during urbanization. In 2017, a large survey on vascular plant diversity of 80 SPs was conducted in the city of Hamburg (Germany). The aim of the study was to analyze plant diversity of TWs and PWs and to identify relationships between plant diversity and different urbanization parameters. In total, 30% of the plant species pool of Hamburg was found in the surveyed SPs representing 0.03% of the total area of Hamburg. We found significant differences in the number and proportion of aquatic, threatened and non-native species between the shoreline and bottom of TWs and PWs. The number and proportion of aquatic species was positively correlated with the proportion of urban green and negatively correlated with the degree of soil sealing in the direct surrounding of SPs. For the proportion of threatened species in the bottom of TWs, a positive relationship was found with the proportion of urban green in the surrounding of SPs. For the number and proportion of non-native species in the shoreline of SPs, negative relationships were found with the proportion of urban green and the number of different habitat types in the surrounding of SPs. Further, a positive relationship with the degree of soil sealing was identified. Our results highlight the nature conservation value of urban SPs for plants and showed the negative effects of urbanization on several plant species groups.
•Diverse plant species assemblages were found in the stormwater ponds (SPs) in Hamburg.•30% of the plant species of Hamburg were found on 0.03% of its total area.•No clear patterns for the influence of urbanization on plant diversity were found.•Patterns differed between the hydrological conditions and zones of SPs.
As in many other merchant nations of early modern Europe, the communities of the Western Sephardic Diaspora assumed as one of their main responsibilities the social and religious duty of assisting ...their coreligionists, both within and beyond the boundaries of their congregations. Within this context, a wide range of charitable and social activities were provided directly by their communal governments, including travel allowances and grants for the needy and foreigners, as well as communal aid for captives and Jewish communities throughout the Holy Land. This article aims thus to understand how the philanthropic policies of Northern European Sephardic communities affected the lives of Jews in the Mediterranean basin and, conversely, how Jewish mobility to and from the Mediterranean impacted on these communities, their agents and their philanthropic networks, with the Portuguese-Jewish community of Hamburg in the seventeenth century being taken as a case study. This article is part of the special theme section on Mobility and Displacement in and around the Mediterranean: A Historical Approach, guest-edited by Cátia Antunes and Giedrė Blažytė.
•Asphalt mixtures containing anti-stripping additives were evaluated.•Several tests were conducted to qualify mixtures’ moisture susceptibility.•Hamburg wheel tracking test data were analyzed by ...several methodologies.•The result shows that the developed agents enhance moisture resistance and rutting resistance.•Field testing indicates the feasibility of applying the anti-stripping agent.
In this study, aliphatic amine type-developed liquid anti-stripping agents, were evaluated for application in asphalt mixture. Boiling water test was conducted as a screening test, followed by indirect tensile test. The tensile strength ratio and image analysis method were used to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures. In continuation of Hamburg wheel tracking test to evaluate the rutting resistance of the asphalt mixture, actual field application was performed. The results showed that the developed agents improved the stripping and rutting resistance of the asphalt mixture compared to those of the one containing other anti-stripping additives.
Port system development is a key theme in port geography literature. Recent decades have brought a rise in container terminal development at estuarine, coastal and offshore port locations, in part ...driven by scale increases in vessel size. This paper examines how container ports located upstream on rivers use processes of adaptive capacity building in an attempt to remain competitive in port systems. We link the development path of upstream seaports to a range of economic, technological, social and political factors. When combined, these factors shape the willingness and capacity of an upstream seaport to adapt to changing conditions such as an increasing demand for nautical accessibility. The case study results on Antwerp and Hamburg show that the discussion on the future of these upstream seaports cannot be detached from broader public policy and stakeholder management concerns and the influences of retention mechanisms, power, politics and collective action by the port community.
•We discuss processes of adaptive capacity building by port authorities.•The approach is applied to upstream seaports Antwerp and Hamburg.•We focus on nautical accessibility challenges given increasing vessel size.•Retention mechanisms, power, politics & collective action shape adaptive capacity.
•An equivalent relationship between film thickness and loading rate existed in binder bond strength (BBS) test.•Different additives had significant impacts on the adhesion and self-healing properties ...of asphalt.•Oil compromised the bond strength of SBS-modified asphalt, while both PPA and sulfur improved that.•The complex modulus of asphalt had a dual effect on the results of the BBS test.•The BBS test could be applied to reflect the mixture resistance to water damage.
The bond strength between asphalt and aggregates is a crucial parameter in evaluating the capability of a binder to resist moisture-induced damage. A novel binder bond strength (BBS) test was studied in this paper, and factors affecting the bond strength including pulling rate and asphalt film thickness were investigated to propose a reasonable test procedure. The results showed that there is an equivalent relation between the pulling rate and the asphalt film thickness. Besides, the influences of different additives on the adhesion and self-healing property of two types of asphalt (neat asphalt and SBS modified asphalt) were investigated using this modified pull-off test.
Results indicate that different additives including styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), polyethylene (PE), polyphosphoric acid (PPA), Gilsonite, bis-stearamide wax (EBS) and rubber processing oil had significant impacts on the adhesion and self-healing properties of neat asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt. The comparison between BBS and DSR tests revealed that the complex modulus of asphalt had a dual effect on the BBS test results while the comparison of the BBS and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD) tests confirmed that the BBS test could address the mixture resistance to water damage.
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•Bound monoterpenes biosynthesis in grapes were repressed during the rainy season.•Rain-shelter cultivation might improve tolerance to seasonal rain-induced stresses.•Rain-shelter ...cultivation given wines more free and bound monoterpenes in the rainy vintage.
Monoterpenes make important contributions to the aroma of grapes and wine. In this study, the monoterpene profiles and related gene expression patterns were investigated in vitis vinifera cv. Muscat Hamburg grapes grown under open-field and rain-shelter cultivation for two vintages. The results showed bound monoterpenes biosynthesis was repressed during the rainy season. There were no significant differences on the concentration of most of individual monoterpenes in grapes between rain-shelter and open-field cultivation in 2018. Compared with open-field cultivation, grapes under rain-shelter cultivation and the resulting wines had greater contents of monoterpenes in the rainy vintage (2019), in line with the higher expressions of most of the TPSs genes in rain-shelter cultivated grapes. Rain-shelter cultivation might improve tolerance to seasonal rain-induced stresses. The present study has revealed the influence of rain-shelter cultivation on monoterpene compounds in Muscat Hamburg grapes and wines thus providing a useful technique for improving the aroma quality of grapes and wines in the rainy season.
In Translating the World , Birgit Tautz provides a new narrative of German literary history in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Departing from dominant modes of thought regarding ...the nexus of literary and national imagination, she examines this intersection through the lens of Germany’s emerging global networks and how they were rendered in two very different German cities: Hamburg and Weimar.
German literary history has tended to employ a conceptual framework that emphasizes the nation or idealized citizenry; yet the experiences of readers in eighteenth-century German cities existed within the context of their local environments, in which daily life occurred and writers such as Lessing, Schiller, and Goethe worked. Hamburg, a flourishing literary city in the late eighteenth century, was eventually relegated to the margins of German historiography, while Weimar, then a small town with an insular worldview, would become mythologized for not only its literary history but its centrality in national German culture. By interrogating the histories of and texts associated with these cities, Tautz shows how literary styles and genres are born of local, rather than national, interaction with the world. Her examination of how texts intersect and interact reveals how they shape and transform the urban cultural landscape as they are translated and move throughout the world.
A fresh, elegant exploration of literary translation, discursive shifts, and global cultural changes, Translating the World is an exciting new story of eighteenth-century German culture and its relationship to expanding global networks that will especially interest scholars of comparative literature, German studies, and literary history.
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