The recently proposed non-iterative load flow method, called the holomorphic embedding method, may encounter the precision issue, i.e., the nontrivial round-off errors caused by the limited digits ...used in computing the power-voltage (P-V) curve for a heavily loaded power system. This letter proposes a multi-stage scheme to solve such a precision issue and calculate an accurate P-V curve. The scheme is verified on the New England 39-bus power system and benchmarked with the result from the traditional continuation power flow method.
The quaternary glass system xSiO2-(80-x) Bi2O315B2O35TeO2 has been prepared by melt-quench technique. The amorphous nature of glass samples has been ascertained by X-ray diffraction patterns. The ...variations in density, molar volume and crystalline volume with glass compositions have been discussed. A non-linear change has been observed in glass transition temperature and optical band gap energy. Raman and FTIR spectral studies suggest that glass network is mainly built up of BO3, BO4, SiO4, and TeO3 structural units, whereas BiO3 exists as both network modifying BiO6 octahedral as well as network forming BiO3 pyramidal structural units. The values of optical band gap energy have been estimated from fitting of both Mott and Davis's model and Hydrogenic excitonic model (HEM) with experimental data of absorption spectra. The HEM model shows good agreement with experimentally observed absorption spectra, which indicates the exciton formation in studied glass system. The non-linear compositional change in optical band gap energy is related with the structural changes occurring in present glass samples. The Urbach energy has also been estimated. The range of metallization criterion suggests that prepared glasses may be considered as new nonlinear optical materials.
•SiO2 is present in SiO4 tetrahedral structural units with two NBOs per silicon.•Bi2O3 is present in both BiO6 octahedral and BiO3 pyramidal structural units.•HEM shows good agreement with the experimental observed absorption spectra.
As the smart grid solutions enable active consumer participation, demand response (DR) strategies have drawn much interest in the literature recently, especially for residential areas. As a new type ...of consumer load in the electric power system, electric vehicles (EVs) also provide different opportunities, including the capability of utilizing EVs as a storage unit via vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) options instead of peak power procurement from the grid. In this paper, as the main contribution to the literature, a collaborative evaluation of dynamic-pricing and peak power limiting-based DR strategies with a bi-directional utilization possibility for EV and energy storage system (ESS) is realized. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework-based modeling of a home energy management (HEM) structure is provided for this purpose. A distributed small-scale renewable energy generation system, the V2H and V2G capabilities of an EV together with two-way energy trading of ESS, and different DR strategies are all combined in a single HEM system for the first time in the literature. The impacts of different EV owner consumer preferences together with the availability of ESS and two-way energy trading capabilities on the reduction of total electricity prices are examined with case studies.
Neutropenia, a rare immune-related adverse event, affects patients receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We herein report a case of pembrolizumab-induced agranulocytosis. An ...83-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced-stage lung carcinoma concomitant with splenomegaly complicated by hypersplenism, causing pancytopenia. To avoid the risk of bone marrow suppression due to cytotoxic chemotherapy, pembrolizumab monotherapy was chosen. However, the patient developed agranulocytosis despite the resolution of pancytopenia through splenectomy performed after the fourth pembrolizumab cycle. Neutrophil counts improved after steroid treatment but not after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. This case demonstrated that neutropenia can sometimes develop abruptly after several ICI therapy cycles.
A home energy management (HEM) system is an integral part of a smart grid that can potentially enable demand response applications for residential customers. This paper presents an intelligent HEM ...algorithm for managing high power consumption household appliances with simulation for demand response (DR) analysis. The proposed algorithm manages household loads according to their preset priority and guarantees the total household power consumption below certain levels. A simulation tool is developed to showcase the applicability of the proposed algorithm in performing DR at an appliance level. This paper demonstrates that the tool can be used to analyze DR potentials for residential customers. Given the lack of understanding about DR potentials in this market, this work serves as an essential stepping-stone toward providing an insight into how much DR can be performed for residential customers.
The residential sector is a major contributor to the global energy balance. So far, the residential users demand has been largely uncontrollable and inelastic with respect to the power grid ...conditions. Demand Side Management (DSM) is an important function in smart grid that allows consumers to make informed decision regarding energy consumption, and helps energy providers to reshape the load profile and to reduce peak load demand. DSM can be mathematically formulated either to maximize the system total peak demand or to maximize overall system load factor and utility׳s revenue and to minimize customer electricity bill. This paper reviews the various optimization techniques applied to DSM as contrasting characteristics like individual users versus cooperative users, deterministic versus stochastic and day-ahead versus real time DSM. This paper reviews a survey on residential DSM, which can help general readers to have an outlook of the topic which includes the architecture, formulation of optimization problems and its various approaches. The issues, existing solutions and approaches are presented. In addition, the future research directions are also discussed to enhance the work in this domain.
•Two types of new 3-ply composite cross-laminated timber panels were manufactured from bamboo mat-curtain panels and hem-fir lumber.•The engineering performance of bamboo-wood composite ...cross-laminated timber was investigated, and hem-fir glued-laminated timber and cross-laminated timber were used as controls.•A comparative study on the theoretical modulus of elasticity and experimental modulus of elasticity of bamboo-wood composite cross-laminated timber was presented.•The effect of layer thickness and layup on the modulus of elasticity of the 3-ply bamboo-wood composite cross-laminated timber was investigated.
During the global industrialization process of manufacturing cross-laminated timber (CLT), attempts have been made to use local wood species. For areas rich in bamboo resources but relatively short in timber resources, the use of bamboo- and wood-based composites to manufacture composite CLT (CCLT) has great potential. In the present work, two new types of 3-ply CCLT panel structures constituting bamboo mat-curtain panel and hem-fir lumber were investigated. In the major and minor strength directions, flatwise bending and shear tests were conducted to investigate their failure modes, maximum bending moment, bending stiffness, modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength, interlaminar shear strength, and specific bending and shear performance. Moreover, 3-ply hem-fir glued-laminated timber and CLT were used as controls. The effective MOE of each panel structure was calculated according to shear analogy theory and modified gamma theory and then was compared to the measured MOE. Based on the shear analogy theory, the effect of the thickness of layers on the MOE of the panels was investigated. Results showed that unlike other types of CCLT, the new CCLT exhibited distinct plate-like orthogonal strength characteristics. Its theoretical MOE agreed well with the measured MOE as the accuracy changed with the panel structure. By changing the panel structure of the new CCLT, if the MOE of one strength direction was reduced, the MOE in the other strength direction could increase accordingly based on the layer characteristics. The results presented in this paper can provide a guidance for future design and optimization of bamboo-wood CCLT.
Since the most stringent-ever clean air policy was implemented in 2013 in China, main industrial air pollutant emissions have notably decreased. However, there are few studies on air pollutant ...emissions of industrial sectors driven by supply chain before and after implementing this policy. This paper attempts to provide a new perspective from industrial linkage to understand the emission of air pollutants. Based on Input-Output model framework, we revealed the linkages of SO2 and NOx emissions between sectors from 2012 to 2017 and the driving forces behind emission changes. Moreover, we simulated the possible impact of the key sector linkages on air pollutant emissions. Results show that the most noteworthy change during this period is that the metal melting sector has replaced the power sector, as the largest pollutant output emission sector associated with other sectors, especially the transport equipment sector. The main reason of this phenomena is that the emission intensity reduction rate of metal smelting sector (e.g., only 17% for NOx) is far less than other sectors. In the future, the development of the equipment manufacturing may put pressure on the metal smelting sector to reduce emissions. For example, when the transport equipment sector increases total output by 20% ~ 40%, the metal smelting sector will be driven to emit 0.04Mt ~0.08Mt of NOx. This paper provides a basis to quantitatively analyze the industrial sector linkages and identify the key sectors from 2012–2017, and helps decision makers better understand the impact of sector linkage on pollutant emissions.
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•Air pollutant emissions change due to sector linkage is explored.•Technical levels affect the industrial sector linkage of pollutants.•The metal sector replaced the power sector as the largest net emitter.•The NOx emission intensity reduction rate of metal sector is much lower than others.•Linkage with manufacturing sector put pressure on metal sector to reduce emissions.
A home energy management (HEM) system plays an important role for residential demand response (DR) applications in the smart grid environment. Its role includes the ability to manage end-use ...electrical energy (kWh) and demand (kW) based on utility signals, load priorities and customer preference. This study presents a score-based intelligent HEM algorithm for residential DR applications and the impact of the HEM system operation on customer comfort in various HEM decision-making intervals (i.e. 1, 5, 10 and 15 min) at various DR requirements. The proposed algorithm manages selected household loads according to customers’ preset comfort level settings and keeps the total household power consumption below a certain limit. Results indicate that the more stringent DR requirements lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations during a DR event. In addition, the longer HEM decision-making intervals may lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations.
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