The scarcity of available spreading codes poses a hard limitation to user capacity for a code-division multiple access system. In previous work by Liu et al. (2020), the identical code cyclic shift ...multiple access (ICCSMA) scheme was developed, which allows multiple users to share one spreading code. However, the ICCSMA system uses the basic <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">m</tex-math></inline-formula>-sequence as the prime code to generate the identical code cyclic shift code, which has a nonideal correlation property and produces a considerable interference in a frequency-selective fading channel. To address this issue, we suggest using the complementary code (CC), which exhibits the perfect correlation property, to suppress the interference, and the proposed scheme is named CC-ICCSMA. Different from the article by Liu et al. (2020), a 3-D transceiver is designed in this article, and the CC set is employed to perform the multiple user detection. The simulation results demonstrate that the CC-ICCSMA strategy achieves a much better bit error rate performance than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">m</tex-math></inline-formula>-sequence-based ICCSMA in the frequency-selective fading channels. Also, the outstanding anti-interference capability of CC-ICCSMA can help improve user capacity.
Systemic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors transduces the enteric nervous system. However, less is known on the mapping and morphological and neurochemical characterization in the ...adult mouse colon. We used AAV9-CAG-GFP (AAV9) and AAV-PHP.S-hSyn1-tdTomato farnesylated (PHP.S-tdTf) to investigate the segmental distribution, morphologies and neurochemical coding of the transduction. The vectors were retro-orbitally injected in male and female adult mice, and 3 weeks later, the colon was prepared for microcopy with or without immunohistochemistry for neuronal and non-neuronal markers. In contrast to the distributions in neonatal and juvenile rodents, the AAV transduction in neurons and/or nerve fibers was the highest in the proximal colon, decreased gradually in the transverse, and was sparse in the distal colon without difference between sexes. In the proximal colon, the AAV9-transduced myenteric neurons were unevenly distributed. The majority of enteric neurons did not have AAV9 expression in their processes, except those with big soma with or without variously shaped dendrites, and a long axon. Immunolabeling demonstrated that about 31% neurons were transduced by AAV9, and the transduction was in 50, 28, and 31% of cholinergic, nitrergic, and calbindin-positive myenteric neurons, respectively. The nerve fiber markers, calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha, tyrosine hydroxylase or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide co-localized with AAV9 or PHP.S-tdTf in the mucosa, and rarely in the myenteric plexus. Unexpectedly, AAV9 expression appeared also in a few c-Kit immunoreactive cells among the heavily populated interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). In the distal colon, the AAV transduction appeared in a few nerve fibers mostly the interganglionic strands. Other types of AAV9 and AAV-PHP vectors induced a similar colonic segmental difference which is not colon specific since neurons were transduced in the small intestine and gastric antrum, while little in the gastric corpus and none in the lower esophagus.
These findings demonstrate that in adult mice colon that there is a rostro-caudal decrease in the transduction of systemic delivery of AAV9 and its variants independent of sex. The characterization of AAV transduction in the proximal colon in cholinergic and nitrergic myenteric neurons along with a few ICC suggests implications in circuitries regulating motility.
This paper presents the results of topic modelling and analysis of topic networks using the corpus of the International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS), which contains 5982 domain-specific ...papers over seventeen years 2001–2017. We discuss the topical structures of ICCS, and show how these topics have evolved over time in response to the topicality of various domains, technologies and methods, and how all these topics relate to one another. This analysis illustrates the multidisciplinary research and collaborations among scientific communities, by constructing static and dynamic networks from the topic modelling results and from the authors’ keywords. The results of this study provide insights regarding the past and future trends of core discussion topics in computational science and show how “computational thinking” has propagated across different fields of study. We used the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) topic modelling algorithm to discover topics. The resulting topics were then manually labelled and grouped hierarchically on three levels. Next, we applied trend analysis and Change Point Analysis (CPA) to study the evolution of topics over seventeen years and to identify the growing and disappearing topics. We used Gephi to examine the static networks of topics, and an R library called DyA to analyse the dynamic networks of topics. We also analysed the conference as a platform for potential collaboration development through the perspective of collaboration networks. The results show that authors of ICCS papers continue to actively collaborate after the conference − on average authors collaborate with three other ICCS authors, − which suggests that ICCS is a valuable platform for collaboration development.
This study investigated research trends in civic and citizenship education by systematically reviewing research regarding international frameworks for civic and citizenship education. We focused on ...major international large-scale assessments - specifically, the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, and its predecessor, the Civic Education Study. Using four electronic databases, we analyzed 135 peer-reviewed journal articles. The analysis showed that differences among countries in research interests might be linked to different cultural backgrounds. It also showed that the greatest number of articles were published in social science disciplines, education research in particular. The results highlight the necessity of investigating principals' and teachers' perceptions of civic and citizenship education. Future research could focus on understudied variables such as adolescents' civic participation, and home and peer civic education contexts, utilizing diverse variables from the ICCS 2016 data. By summarizing and discussing research trends, this study provides a blueprint for future research in the field of civic and citizenship education.
Nye tall om ungdom Huang, Lihong; Bruun, Jens; Lieberkind, Jonas ...
Tidsskrift for ungdomsforskning,
2018, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ungdoms syn på sin samtid og sin framtid gir oss informasjon om deres bilde av samfunnet, og i denne artikkelen beskrives14-åringers oppfatninger gjen-nom ICCS-studien fra Danmark, Norge og Sverige. ...På en side beskriver artikkelen de unges institusjonelle tillit og mellom-menneskelige tillit, og på en annen side beskrives deres oppfatning av framtiden og dens utfordringer og problemer, både når det gjelder samfunnets framtid i Europa og verden, og egne framtidsutsikter til arbeid og andre muligheter. Framstillingen er først og fremst beskrivende, og vi undersøker både i hvilken grad de skandinaviske ungdommene skiller seg fra ungdommer i andre deler av verden, og om det er likheter og forskjeller mellom skandinaviske land. Ved å sammenligne med tidligere undersøkelsesresultater ser vi dessuten på utvik-lingen i de unges oppfatninger over tid.
Trust in the contemporary society and future projections among Scandinavian youth Using data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, ICCS 2016, the article compares the views of 14-year-olds in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. We analyze and compare young people’s trust in political and social institutions and in people in general, as well as the young people’s views on threats and challenges for their future. The presentation of results is mainly descriptive with the attention to show similarities and differences among Scandinavian youths and in comparison with young people in other parts of the world. The level of general trust in other people has declined in all three countries since ICCS 2009. Compared to other countries, Scandinavian adolescents express greater trust in institutions, lower concern for threats of different kinds and greater optimism about their own future. High-trusting youths are the most optimistic about their own future, but they are on the other hand in some respects more worried about future threats.
In order to provide insights about cancer patients' online information seeking behaviors, the present study analyzes individuals' transaction log data and reports on how demographics, disease‐related ...factors, and psychosocial needs predict patterns of service use within a particular Interactive Cancer Communication System (ICCS). Study sample included 294 recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. Data included pretest survey scores of demographic, disease‐related, and psychosocial factors and automatically collected ICCS use data over the 4‐month intervention. Statistical analyses correlated pre‐test survey scores with subsequent, specific types of ICCS service usage. Patterns of online cancer information seeking differed according to the patients' characteristics, suggesting that lower income, less educated women and those lacking in information‐seeking competence use the computer and online services to the same or a greater degree if those services are made available to them. Results of this study can inform more effective resource development for future eHealth applications.
This article examines teachers’ professional development (PD) in terms of content knowledge and teaching methods, their sense of preparedness in teaching, and their teaching practice of civic and ...citizenship education (CCE) in lower secondary schools in Norway, Sweden, South Korea, and Taiwan, and how these variables influence students’ experience of classroom climate. We use data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016) initiated by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). ICCS 2016 data from these four places contain responses from teachers (N=7,159), and students (N=16, 089; average age =14.4 years) from 558 schools. We find that the more PD training on CCE topics and teaching methods teachers receive, the higher their sense of preparedness in teaching CCE in all four education systems. We also find that students of different cultures have different experiences about open classroom climates despite that teacher’s in the four places have utilized the same teaching approaches.
Internet-related issues have influenced how civic knowledge is educated and measured. The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) is a well-known large-scale assessment concerning ...how civic knowledge is educated and measured globally. Regardless of the emerging roles of internet access and usage, the influences of internet access on civic knowledge have yet to be investigated in ICCS research. Hence, this study aims to study whether the multiple-choice items in the civic knowledge test of ICCS 2016 are affected by internet access, what causes the effect, and to what degree Internet access influences the measurement. Results indicated that the ICCS civic knowledge test included six differential item functioning (DIF) items on internet access, of which five favored families with internet access, and one favored families without internet access. In addition, the primary source of DIF items was highly related to socioeconomic status. Overall, the students in families where the internet was available possessed higher civic knowledge than the students who were not. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of item inequivalence and identifies suspicious sources. These results can be used as a basis to investigate related research on digital learning, online teaching, and social media engagement in civic literacy.
Research in international large-scale assessment (ILSA) has become an increasingly popular field of study in education. Consequently, interest and debate in the field by practitioners, researchers, ...policymakers, and the public has grown over the past decades. This study adopts a descriptive bibliometric approach to map modern research on ILSA in education and provide an up-to-date picture of the recent developments and structure of the field. The analysis of 2,233 journal articles indexed in the Web of Sciences database revealed that ILSA research in education is an emerging field in a stage of exponential growth that has become increasingly international with recent substantive contributions from China, Spain, and Turkey. Research in the field is currently produced by a tupid network of scholars with diverse geographical backgrounds that engage frequently in national and international research collaborations. Also, the field is relatively interdisciplinary and has developed grounded on nine differentiated historical paths. The PISA program has received the greatest attention in the field, and a wide variety of topics have been addressed in the literature in the last decades, including equity and quality education, globalization and education policy, measurement and statistics, student motivation and self-concept, and interpersonal relationships. The paper concludes by pointing to the potential of future ILSA research to make use of new more relevant instrumentation, data linkages, and trans-regional collaborations.
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