This article analyses the history of the International Labour Review (ILR), which was created in 1921, based on the provisions of Article 396 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, as a major ...periodical publication of the International Labour Organization (ILO). The article reviews, from various perspectives, the ILR's transformation from an institutional multipurpose periodical to today's modern academic journal, including its institutional journey, the role of the editors in charge and the professional and academic profiles of the ILR's authors. It studies the ILR's contribution to important academic and policy debates and its role for the ILO by examining from a historical perspective the contents, topics and geographical focus of the almost 3,000 signed articles published to date.
In response to reports that seafarers on fishing boats in different parts of the world were being forced to work, the International Labor Organization (ILO) created and adopted ILO Convention No. 188 ...of 2007. It sets rules for dangerous work in the large fishing industry. It also covers the protection of crew on fishing vessels from exploitation and injury while doing work. Protection of crew on fishing vessels is essential due to acts of violence against Indonesian workers on fishing vessels owned by China and Taiwan that resulted in many Indonesian workers losing their lives. The purpose of the research is to find out the role of the ILO and the Government of Indonesia as the country of origin of crew fishing vessels in solving the problem of violence against crew fishing vessels. The study uses qualitative research methods by collecting information from relevant sources such as conventions, journals, legal texts, and other works related to the main research topic. While Indonesia has a law on the protection of migrant workers and has adopted the ILO Convention 111 concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation, neither are sufficient to address the issue. Thus, the role of the ILO is urgently needed to work hand-in-hand with all countries in the world to deal with this problem globally and encourage member states to ratify ILO Convention 188 especially Indonesia, since Indonesia is the biggest archipelagic country where most of the people are fishermen and crew on fishing vessels belonging to other countries.
Este artículo ofrece una primera aproximación a la participación mexicana en las célebres Conferencias de los Países Americanos Miembros de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) de Santiago ...(1936) y La Habana (1939). Al tratarse de un episodio bastante desconocido por lo que respecta a México, su estudio permitirá apreciar la cooperación de este país y su representación tripartita con la centenaria organización multilateral. La trayectoria mexicana en la OIT y las Conferencias del Trabajo ―tras su ingreso en la organización en 1931― presentan una cierta madurez potenciada por el extraordinario acercamiento de las Conferencias del Trabajo al ámbito occidental en un contexto de descomposición del sistema internacional de entreguerras con eje en Ginebra.
The maritime sector of Pakistan has a rich history and vast potential; however, it has yet to ratify the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC-2006). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of ...Pakistan's maritime sector, labour market, and an introduction to its potential in the context of the blue economy as a flag state, port state, and seafarers-supplying state. The study primarily focuses on why Pakistan needs to ratify the MLC-2006 to adhere to international standards for seafarer welfare and protection. The paper examines the impact of the MLC-2006 on the sector, along with the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of Pakistan ratifying the MLC-2006. The paper concludes that ratifying the MLC-2006 could offer significant benefits to the government, ship-owners, and seafarers in Pakistan by safeguarding their rights, enhancing operational efficiency, and improving the country's reputation in the maritime industry. Lastly, the paper suggests that the adoption of the MLC-2006 could greatly benefit Pakistan's maritime sector. It would enhance seafarers' rights, improve working conditions, promote high training standards, and create a transparent and accountable industry. This would attract investment, enhance competitiveness, and encourage youth participation in the profession. Compliance with the MLC-2006 would also secure Pakistan-flagged vessels and attract more international freight to its ports.
A wide band, low power, injection-locked oscillator (ILO)-type clock and data recovery (CDR) with high jitter tolerance is implemented in 28 nm CMOS. A robust phase and frequency detection algorithm ...independently controls ILO free running frequency and clock phase without an external time reference. A wide capture range of -25/+15% enables reference-free frequency acquisition. Jitter tolerance is 0.56 UI at 300 MHz and 1 UI at 120 MHz, with 2 UI locking time after optional calibration. The CDR operates from 1 to 12 Gbps, consuming 11 mW from 0.9 V supply at 12 Gbps for a power efficiency of 0.9 mW/Gbps. A comparison with published results shows a substantial improvement on the trend of wide CDR bandwidth coupled to degraded power efficiency.
Legal protection of the rights of outsourced workers is not just a legal issue, but a right that must be obtained by workers according to the mandate in the legislation, these rights are in the form ...of work and decent wages, social security, severance pay, and work safety. Although some of the rights have been listed in the labor regulations, these regulations have not yet fully contained and regulated the fulfillment of workers' rights, especially in practice that has not fully protected the rights of outsourced workers in a just and constitutional manner. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, historical approach, with primary legal materials namely the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower jo. Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 and ILO conventions. The results of the study indicate that the violation of the rights of outsourced workers is in fact still ongoing by providing substandard wages and unilateral layoffs by employers. Internationally, the ILO conventions have regulated the application of the protection of basic workers' rights, namely the abolition of forced labor and the provision of decent wages, this convention has also been ratified in Indonesian laws and regulations, thus various labor regulations should be a preventive measure as an optimization legal protection for workers so that the welfare of workers nationally and internationally can be achieved.
A partir de una perspectiva que rescata el rol de los agentes gubernamentales y organismos internacionales, este trabajo examina el re-inicio de la migración japonesa hacia América Latina durante la ...posguerra. En particular, y desde un punto de vista histórico, este texto conecta la promoción de migraciones internacionales desde regiones “sobrepobladas” a regiones “despobladas” promovida por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y el proyecto emigratorio del gobierno japonés hacia Bolivia y otros países latinoamericanos a mediados del siglo veinte. En primer lugar, se hace un repaso a la económica demográfica propuesta por la OIT —enfatizando los beneficios de traspasar capital humano avanzado desde zonas con exceso de población a zonas deshabitadas— y luego se examina los usos que el gobierno japonés de posguerra hizo de dicha teoría para justificar su propio movimiento migratorio.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication in postoperative surgical patients which is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost burden. These complications can be ...prevented by giving proper prophylactic antibiotics. Cefazolin is a recommended prophylactic antibiotic, but in the practice in Indonesia hospital, there are still many uses of ceftriaxone. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcome and safety of cefazolin and ceftriaxone as prophylactic antibiotics in preventing SSI in obstetric and gynecological surgical patients. The study design was double-blind randomized controlled trial. The data collection was conducted from January to June 2020 at dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara Regional Hospital Serang. A total of 82 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups by block randomization, 41 subjects were given cefazolin and 41 subjects were given ceftriaxone. The clinical outcome was measured by preventing SSI for the effectiveness and side effects for safety outcomes in both groups. The comparison of effectiveness and side effects were analyzed using the bivariate test (chi-square or fisher’s exact test) and relative risk (RR). The study showed that the effectiveness of cefazolin was the same as ceftriaxone in preventing SSI for 30 days (RR= 0.89; p= 0.724; 95%CI: 0,193-3,133) with the number of SSI 12.2% vs 9.8%. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, and phlebitis was observed in the administration of antibiotic by intravenous push (IVP) pre-operating. Cefazolin have safetier than ceftriaxone with the incidence of side effects were 9.8% vs 29.3% ((RR = 0,33; p= 0.003; 95% CI: 0.076-0.895). Cefazolin is an antibiotic recommended by Indonesian Ministry of Health and the Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This study encourages the use of cefazolin to prevent resistance due to ceftriaxone to overuse.
This article re‐examines the ILO's normative outlook on prison labour, arguing that it is out of touch with the realities on the ground, where public/private hybrid forms of prison labour are ...proliferating. The authors bring to light the controversy surrounding the position taken by the ILO, as member States repeatedly demand that it relax, and increasingly defy, its dichotomous stance. They illustrate the heavy price to be paid if the ILO stays on its current course, but also if it adopts the position favoured by some of these member States. Instead, they point to two alternatives that go beyond these conflicting positions.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) at times played an important role in challenging race discrimination in the workplace, both as apartheid legislation intensified and in the new democratic ...South Africa. The controversy around forced labor, and the participation of independent African countries in the ILO, ultimately led to the withdrawal of South Africa. Subsequently, ILO Conventions and the 1964 Declaration influenced the government to establish the 1978 Wiehahn Commission to examine industrial relations. Its recommendations led to extensive unionization. The ILO was initially reluctant to recognize the independent unions but subsequently worker organizational power led to its support. Later, it contributed to creating a post-apartheid workplace order. However, despite its intention to build an inclusive industrial relations system, many workers remain excluded from the regulatory framework and the labor movement. The ILO’s rigid binary between direct coercion on the one hand and the voluntary recruitment of workers on the other does not capture the continuity from slavery, indentured labor, and the migrant labor system through to use of casual labor in contemporary South Africa. The ILO seems more comfortable with traditional unions and clear-cut employer-employee relationships.
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