Los problemas fitosanitarios causados por hongos vasculares que afectan a las plantaciones de cacao CCN-51, han tomado gran importancia en las últimas décadas, por los daños que le producen. Especies ...de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae están asociadas a cancros y secamiento de yemas, muerte descendente, pudrición de frutos y pudrición del cuello, síntomas que se han observados en diferentes zonas y que merman la producción de la planta. Con el objetivo de caracterizar e identificar a nivel molecular aislamientos patogénicos de este hongo, se muestrearon cinco árboles sintomáticos seleccionados de fincas localizadas los cantones: Buena Fe, Mocache, Quevedo, Quinsaloma y Valencia de la provincia de Los Ríos, obteniendo 15 aislamientos de los cuales se extrajo ADN y utilizaron secuencias de las regiones de ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) y EF1-a (Factor de elongación de alpha). Los tamaños de secuencia se verificaron mediante electroforesis y se establecieron las identidades putativas de 3 especies utilizando la herramienta de Basic local aligment (BLAST). Los árboles filogenéticos construidos mediante los algoritmos de máxima verosimilitud y vecinos cercanos, con los aislamientos en cinco cantones, confirmaron la presencia de Lasiodiplodia theobromae en Quevedo, Diplodia seriata en Quinsaloma y Botryosphaeria dothidea en Valencia, Mocache y Buena Fe, resaltando una politomía entre estos últimos.
The aim of this study was to assess potential candidate gene regions and corresponding universal primer pairs as secondary DNA barcodes for the fungal kingdom, additional to ITS rDNA as primary ...barcode. Amplification efficiencies of 14 (partially) universal primer pairs targeting eight
genetic markers were tested across > 1 500 species (1 931 strains or specimens) and the outcomes of almost twenty thousand (19 577) polymerase chain reactions were evaluated. We tested several well-known primer pairs that amplify: i) sections of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene large subunit
(D1-D2 domains of 26/28S); ii) the complete internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1/2); iii) partial β-tubulin II (TUB2); iv) γ-actin (ACT); v) translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α); and vi) the second largest subunit of RNA-polymerase
II (partial RPB2, section 5-6). Their PCR efficiencies were compared with novel candidate primers corresponding to: i) the fungal-specific translation elongation factor 3 (TEF3); ii) a small ribosomal protein necessary for t-RNA docking; iii) the 60S L10 (L1) RP;
iv) DNA topoisomerase I (TOPI); v) phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK); vi) hypothetical protein LNS2; and vii) alternative sections of TEF1α. Results showed that several gene sections are accessible to universal primers (or primers universal for phyla) yielding
a single PCR-product. Barcode gap and multi-dimensional scaling analyses revealed that some of the tested candidate markers have universal properties providing adequate infra- and inter-specific variation that make them attractive barcodes for species identification. Among these gene sections,
a novel high fidelity primer pair for TEF1α, already widely used as a phylogenetic marker in mycology, has potential as a supplementary DNA barcode with superior resolution to ITS. Both TOPI and PGK show promise for the Ascomycota, while TOPI and LNS2
are attractive for the Pucciniomycotina, for which universal primers for ribosomal subunits often fail.
Technical, cognitive, and social factors inhibit the widespread success of systematic software reuse. Our research is primarily concerned with the cognitive and social challenges faced by software ...developers: how to motivate them to reuse and how to reduce the difficulty of locating components from a large reuse repository. Our research has explored a new interaction style between software developers and reuse repository systems enabled by information delivery mechanisms. Instead of passively waiting for software developers to explore the reuse repository with explicit queries, information delivery autonomously locates and presents components by using the developers' partially written programs as implicit queries.We have designed, implemented, and evaluated a system called CodeBroker, which illustrates different techniques to address the essential challenges in information delivery: to make the delivered information relevant to the task-at-hand and personalized to the background knowledge of an individual developer. Empirical evaluations of CodeBroker show that information delivery is effective in promoting reuse.
•We highlight the energy saving potential of connected and automated vehicles.•Anticipative/Collaborative driving of CAVs can contribute to 3–20% energy saving.•With higher penetration, there will be ...system wide influences by such “eco-CAV”s.•CAVs offer opportunities for cooperative driving further improving energy efficiency.
Connected and automated vehicles (CAV) are marketed for their increased safety, driving comfort, and time saving potential. With much easier access to information, increased processing power, and precision control, they also offer unprecedented opportunities for energy efficient driving. This paper is an attempt to highlight the energy saving potential of connected and automated vehicles based on first principles of motion, optimal control theory, and a review of the vast but scattered eco-driving literature. We explain that connectivity to other vehicles and infrastructure allows better anticipation of upcoming events, such as hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movement of neighboring vehicles. Automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and save energy. Opportunities for cooperative driving could further increase energy efficiency of a group of vehicles by allowing them to move in a coordinated manner. Energy efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles.
Nine Penicillium digitatum isolates were isolated from citrus fruits and tested for their pathogenicity on Navel orange fruit (Citrus sinensis L.). In this regard, the isolates exhibited three ...different levels of virulence. The isolates were identified morphologically using malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) for colony characteristics, and MEA for microscopic features. Each one of the isolates has the unique features of P. digitatum, especially the largest conidia (6.1-11.9 µm long X 3.2-8 µm width), and phialides (10.1-21.4 µm long X 4-5.1 µm width). In addition, the isolates were identified on a molecular basis using ITS1 and ITS4 primers to confirm morphological identification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there was high variance among the isolates, and there were different relations between some of our isolates and other P. digitatum registered strains originating from different countries all over the world. The sequences were submitted to respective GenBank nucleotide databases with accession No. OR198852, OR198853, OR198854, OR198855, OR198856, OR198857, OR198858, OR198859 and OR198860. We also isolated a new P. digitatum (OB15: OR198859) strain with high virulence and rapid sporulation
Fruiting-bodies of Auricularia were collected from Abies spp. and identified as A. americana s. str. by molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison. This is the first report of A. ...americana s. str. from Japan.
日本新産種Auricularia americana s. str. (キクラゲ目) 白水, 貴; 大前, 宗之; 新井, 文彦 ...
日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan,
11/2021, Letnik:
62, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
モミ属樹木の材上に発生したキクラゲ属の子実体を採取し，分子系統解析と形態比較によりA. americana s. str.と同定した．本邦におけるA. americana s. str.の報告は初である．
Por muitos anos, criou-se um grande estigma na sociedade em relação à temática do HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana) e da aids (Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida), seja pelos equívocos em ...relação à condição e ao modo de transmissão do vírus, seja pelo preconceito em relação às pessoas vivendo com HIV. É imprescindível que, como profissionais da área das ciências, possamos iniciar um processo de desmistificação de tais preconceitos ainda tão enraizados e, a partir de uma iniciativa didática, possamos promover a divulgação científica para estudantes nos últimos anos do ensino fundamental. O uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) se mostra de grande utilidade pela familiaridade que se há com ela. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar a temática HIV/aids por meio da construção de uma cartilha e produção de podcast como ferramentas didáticas para o ensino de ciências. Metodologicamente, o estudo foi desenvolvido pela pesquisa bibliográfica (para o desenvolvimento da cartilha) e entrevista (podcast).
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