The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, leading researchers to explore novel solutions to combat this growing problem. Nanotechnology, which involves ...manipulating materials at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising avenue for developing novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This cutting-edge technology has gained momentum in the medical field by offering a new approach to combating infectious diseases. Nanomaterial-based therapies hold significant potential in treating difficult bacterial infections by circumventing established drug resistance mechanisms. Moreover, their small size and unique physical properties enable them to effectively target biofilms, which are commonly linked to resistance development. By leveraging these advantages, nanomaterials present a viable solution to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics or even create entirely new antibacterial mechanisms. This review article explores the current landscape of antibiotic resistance and underscores the pivotal role that nanotechnology plays in augmenting the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and opportunities within the realm of nanotechnology for combating antibiotic resistance, while also outlining future research directions in this critical area. Overall, this comprehensive review articulates the potential of nanotechnology in addressing the urgent public health concern of antibiotic resistance, highlighting its transformative capabilities in healthcare.
•The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, leading researchers to explore novel solutions to combat this growing problem.•Nanomaterial-based therapies hold significant potential in treating difficult bacterial infections by circumventing established drug resistance mechanisms.•By leveraging these advantages, nanomaterials present a viable solution to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics or even create entirely new antibacterial mechanisms.
Vector‐borne infectious diseases are still an important global health problem. Malaria is the most important among them, mainly pediatric, life‐threatening disease. Malaria and other vector‐borne ...disorders caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses have a strong impact on public health and significant economic costs. Most vector‐borne diseases could be prevented by vector control, with attention to the ecological and biodiversity conservation aspects. Chemical control with pesticides and insecticides is widely used as a measure of prevention although increasing resistance to insecticides is a serious issue in vector control. Metabolic resistance is the most common mechanism and poses a big challenge. Insect enzyme systems, including monooxygenase CYP P450 enzymes, are employed by vectors mainly to metabolize insecticides thus causing resistance. The discovery and application of natural specific inhibitors/blockers of vector P450 enzymes as synergists for commonly used pesticides will contribute to the “greening” of insecticides. Besides vector CYPs, host CYP enzymes could also be exploited to fight against vector‐borne diseases: using mostly their detoxifying properties and involvement in the immune response. Here, we review published research data on P450 enzymes from all players in vector‐borne infections, that is, pathogens, vectors, and hosts, regarding the potential role of CYPs in disease. We discuss strategies on how to exploit cytochromes P450 in vector‐borne disease control.
We review published research data on P450 enzymes from all players in vector‐borne infections, that is, pathogens, vectors, and hosts, regarding the potential role of CYPs in disease. We discuss strategies on how to exploit cytochromes P450 in vector‐borne disease control.
We present a fractional-order epidemic model for childhood diseases with the new fractional derivative approach proposed by Caputo and Fabrizio. By applying the Laplace Adomian decomposition method ...(LADM), we solve the problem and the solutions are presented as infinite series converging to the solution. We prove the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the solution by using the fixed point theory. Also, we provide some numerical results to illustrate the effectiveness of the new derivative.
The presence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has gone ahead to be a threat to people based on its adverse impacts. More specifically, the pregnant women have been discouraged from traveling to the ...areas affected by the ZIKV because of the likelihood of the virus causing congenital abnormalities especially the microcephaly. The pregnant women probably attracted the virus during their first trimester while visiting ZIKV affected territories. Although the ZIKV infected cases have reduced in some parts of countries, the global risk assessment has not been changed. The virus continues to spread geographically to areas where competent vectors are present. At present, there is still no treatment of ZIKV related illness, especially microcephaly.
Despite the significant increase in the generation of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated domestic and hospital wastewater, little is known about the ecotoxicological effects of the virus or its structural ...components in freshwater vertebrates. In this context, this study evaluated the deleterious effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein on the health of Danio rerio, zebrafish. We demonstrated, for the first time, that zebrafish injected with fragment 16 to 165 (rSpike), which corresponds to the N-terminal portion of the protein, presented mortalities and adverse effects on liver, kidney, ovary and brain tissues. The conserved genetic homology between zebrafish and humans might be one of the reasons for the intense toxic effects followed inflammatory reaction from the immune system of zebrafish to rSpike which provoked damage to organs in a similar pattern as happen in severe cases of COVID-19 in humans, and, resulted in 78,6% of survival rate in female adults during the first seven days. The application of spike protein in zebrafish was highly toxic that is suitable for future studies to gather valuable information about ecotoxicological impacts, as well as vaccine responses and therapeutic approaches in human medicine. Therefore, besides representing an important tool to assess the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the aquatic environment, we present the zebrafish as an animal model for translational COVID-19 research.
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•Use of Danio rerio a in favor of the conservation of non-target species against SARS-CoV-2•Zebrafish as a tool to assess the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the aquatic environment•Zebrafish injected with SARS-CoV-2 rSpike protein shows several morphological alterations.•In silico studies have shown interactions between rSpike protein and ACE2.•Role of ACE2 gene expression in all the system in Zebrafish shows like human.
Background. The epidemic outbreak caused by coronavirus COVID-19 is of great interest to researches because of the high rate of the infection spread and the significant number of fatalities. A ...detailed scientific analysis of the phenomenon is yet to come, but the public is already interested in the questions of the epidemic duration, the expected number of patients and deaths. Long-time predictions require complicated mathematical models that need a lot of effort to identify and calculate unknown parameters. This article will present some preliminary estimates. Objective. Since the long-time data are available only for mainland China, we will try to predict the epidemic characteristics only in this area. We will estimate some of the epidemic characteristics and present the dependencies for victim numbers, infected and removed persons versus time. Methods. In this study we use the known SIR model for the dynamics of an epidemic, the known exact solution of the linear differential equations and statistical approach developed before for investigation of the children disease, which occurred in Chernivtsi (Ukraine) in 1988–1989. Results. The optimal values of the SIR model parameters were identified with the use of statistical approach. The numbers of infected, susceptible and removed persons versus time were predicted and compared with the new data obtained after February 10, 2020, when the calculations were completed. Conclusions. The simple mathematical model was used to predict the characteristics of the epidemic caused by coronavirus in mainland China. Unfortunately, the number of coronavirus victims is expected to be much higher than that predicted on February 10, 2020, since 12289 new cases (not previously included in official counts) have been added two days later. Further research should focus on updating the predictions with the use of up-to-date data and using more complicated mathematical models.
Among various novel antimicrobial therapies, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits its advantages for the treatment of bacterial infections due to its high penetration depth and low side effects. In ...this study, a new nanosonosensitizer (HFH@ZIF-8) that loads sonosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), was constructed for killing multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and treatment of in vivo infection diseases by SDT. In particular, the developed HFH@ZIF-8 exhibited enhanced water-solubility, good biocompatibility, and improved disease-targeting capability for delivering and releasing HMME and ablating the infected lesion. More importantly, the presence of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin for HFH@ZIF-8 can offer sufficient oxygen consumption by SDT, augmenting the efficacy of SDT by improving ROS generating efficiency against deep tissue multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. Therefore, this study paves a new avenue for treating infection disease, particularly for antibiotic resistant bacterial infection.
The assessment of the impact of meteorological factors on the epidemiology of various diseases and on human pathophysiology and physiology requires a comprehensive approach and new tools independent ...of currently occurring climate change. The thermal comfort index, i.e., Universal Climate Thermal Index (UTCI), is gaining more and more recognition from researchers interested in such assessments. This index facilitates the evaluation of the impact of cold stress and heat stress on the human organism and the assessment of the incidence of weather-related diseases. This work aims at identifying those areas of medical science for which the UTCI was applied for scientific research as well as its popularization among clinicians, epidemiologists, and specialists in public health management. This is a systematic review of literature found in Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Web of Science databases from which, consistent with PRISMA guidelines, original papers employing the UTCI in studies related to health, physiological parameters, and epidemiologic applications were extracted.
Out of the total number of 367 papers identified in the databases, 33 original works were included in the analysis. The selected publications were analyzed in terms of determining the areas of medical science in which the UTCI was applied. The majority of studies were devoted to the broadly understood mortality, cardiac events, and emergency medicine. A significant disproportion between publications discussing heat stress and those utilizing the UTCI for its assessment was revealed.
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•Climate change requires searching for universal methods and tools to monitor relationships between humans and climate.•The UTCI is a universal tool describing the impact of thermal stress on the human body.•The review shows the usefulness of UTCI in medical research.
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