La (des)información en la red Expósito Gázquez, Ariana
Revista digital de derecho administrativo,
06/2022
28
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
El incremento del fenómeno de la desinformación ciudadana, a través de los canales y los servicios de la sociedad de la información, se ha convertido en una preocupación ascendente de los Estados en ...los últimos años. Sin embargo, la magnitud de este problema se ha evidenciado en mayor medida durante la crisis sanitaria del covid-19. Desde su inicio, los ciudadanos han estado expuestos a una avalancha constante de información, en la que se mezclaban datos provenientes de investigaciones refutadas con otras “noticias” falsas, carentes de rigor o inexactas, lo que ha terminado ocasionando una infodemia global que ha puesto en grave riesgo la estabilidad y seguridad del Estado. En este sentido, las herramientas del ordenamiento jurídico español contra la desinformación no parecen haber sido lo suficientemente efectivas para frenar sus efectos, especialmente en materia de vacunación, lo que permite reflexionar sobre las limitaciones y posibles mejoras del régimen establecido.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la polarización producida en la red socio digital Twitter en relación con la defensa o ataque de la figura del presidente de México, Andrés Manuel López ...Obrador, durante la realización del operativo para la detención de Ovidio Guzmán (hijo del “Chapo” Guzmán) en la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, el 17 de octubre de 2019, conocido como el “Culiacanazo”. Se busca examinar cómo se construye la opinión pública a partir de Twitter a través del análisis de 17. 939 tweets que se produjeron en este acontecimiento. La metodología utilizada se basó en minería de datos, así como herramientas como Gephi para la visualización y R studio para el tratamiento de datos. En las conclusiones se logró comprobar que existen recursos como boots y cuentas falsas que promueven la polarización por parte de los stakeholders para fomentar la polarización y manipular la opinión pública, aprovechando cualquier suceso para imponer su agenda mediática.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led our society to lead a life different than before. People, including those with disabilities, have come to rely on information from the Internet. ...However, there is a lack of empirical studies on the impact of the pandemic on the Internet usage of people with disabilities. To address this gap, this study analyzed data from the 2020 Digital Divide Survey, which comprised data on 7000 non-disabled people and 2200 people with disabilities. This was used to compare the changes in usage of Internet services, and awareness and experience of COVID-19-related non-face-to-face services among non-disabled people and people with physical disabilities, brain lesions, visual impairments, hearing impairments, and language impairments. People with and without disabilities reported increased internet usage, but the increase was significantly higher in the non-disabled population than in people with disabilities (p < 0.05), except for people with language impairments. Specific changes to service usage, experience, and usefulness were different according to the type of disability. The non-disabled population showed a significantly greater increase in the use of social participation services than people with physical disabilities (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that digital services need to be developed flexibly to address the unique needs of people with different types of disabilities.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is an analysis of the process of digital transformation of enterprises, by measuring the efficiency of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in ...business in 29 European countries in the period from 2012 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachA Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes data envelopment analysis (CCR DEA, 1978) window model has been developed to measure the ICT efficiency of European countries. Several indicators of the use of information and communication technologies in enterprises are selected as the variables of the proposed models, which are available as such in the Eurostat database for European countries. Due to the sensitivity of the results obtained by applying the DEA method to measurement errors and output values, the robustness analysis of the obtained values of average efficiency is also performed, using the bootstrap method.FindingsThe obtained results show that the highest average technical efficiency of the use of ICT in companies by windows, in the observed period, is recorded in Belgium, while Denmark is in the second place. Bulgaria, Romania, Greece and Latvia have the lowest average technical ICT efficiency per window. The analysis of the obtained results by years in the same period brings identical conclusions. Only Belgium has been ICT efficient many times. In general, for all observed countries, the movement of average ICT efficiency in the observed period shows a slightly growing trend, with the exception of a significantly decline in 2013. However, the fact is that the ICT efficiency of the observed countries in the past period is relatively low and for all countries it is 46.36%, with no country being 100% efficient and with eight countries whose average efficiency is below 50% of best practice.Research limitations/implicationsTo measure and evaluate the efficiency of ICT use in enterprises, four variables for efficiency assessment are identified, given the fact that only these data are available continuously for the observed period from 2012 to 2020 in the Eurostat database.Practical implicationsLow efficiency of using digital potential in business of the observed countries indicates the need for better understanding of the nature and goals of the digital business transformation process by employees and management, to create conditions for effective implementation and optimization of business digitalization.Originality/valueMeasurement of digital transformation is the subject of a very small number of studies and research, which mainly focus on measuring and assessing the impact of digital transformation on individual countries and perform a comparative analysis of technological development in those countries. Also, analyses are mainly based on identifying similarities and differences between countries or ranking countries according to adopted evaluation criteria using different digitization indices. A step forward in this research is the application of the DEA window method for measuring the relative efficiency of the use of ICT in enterprises, and the development of a model that can be extended if necessary with indicators for which data are available.
The article examines the role of libraries in the issue of the formation of tolerant attitudes in society aimed at preventing the incitement of xenophobia, discrimination, propaganda of intergroup ...enmity. Attention is focused on the fact that tolerance in the activity of libraries is an integral part of ensuring the information security of modern society and is aimed at harmonizing not only relations between different nations and cultures, but also socio-economic relations, relations between generations and representatives of different political views. Forms and methods of library work aimed at raising public awareness of the distribution of racist, xenophobic and anti-Semitic materials through the Internet are displayed. Special attention is paid to young users of the network because of possible reception of information on racist, xenophobic and anti-Semitic sites, and the potential risk that such sites present to them.
Recently, the technology of assisting the navigation of visually impaired persons with computer vision has been greatly developed. A number of scholars have conducted related research, including ...indoor and outdoor object detection for blind people. However, there are still problems with some existing methods or datasets. Our work mainly proposes a dataset (OD) for assisting the detection and recognition of outdoor obstacles for blind people on blind sidewalk. We classify some common obstacles, train the dataset with state-of-the-art detectors to obtain detection models, and then analyze and compare these models in detail. The results show that our proposed dataset is very challenging. The OD and the detection model can be obtained at the following URL:
https://github.com/TW0521/Obstacle-Dataset.git
.
People with speech and motor impairments may experience difficulties in interaction and learning, among other situations that can lead to emotional, social, and cognitive problems. Augmentative and ...alternative communication (AAC) is a research area that involves using non-oral modes as a complement or substitute for spoken language. The AAC supported by computer vision (CV) systems can benefit from recognizing the user’s remaining functional movements as an alternative design approach to interaction. The complete MyPGI, Methodology to yield Personalized Gestural Interaction, is presented. MyPGI guides the design of AAC systems for people with motor and speech difficulties, using CV techniques and machine learning to enable personalized and noninvasive gestural interaction. The MyPGI methodology was used to develop an AAC system, named PGCA (Personal Gesture Communication Assistant), employing a low-cost approach, used in experiments conducted with volunteers, including students with motor and speech difficulties. Experiments, interviews, and usability evaluation were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the methodology and the system developed. The results suggest the methodology as promising to support the design of AAC systems capable of enabling personalized gestural interaction, also showing benefits of this approach, technical challenges, and means to overcome them. The results also add knowledge about specific challenges and needs of the target audience. The MyPGI methodology, developed after several iterations and evaluations, is capable to support the design of AAC systems that enable personalized gestural interaction. This article presents an overview of the methodological steps performed, results obtained, and future perspectives for the methodology.
Design and Validation of the Bright Internet Lee, Jae Kyu; Cho, Daegon; Lim, Gyoo Gun
Journal of the Association for Information Systems,
01/2018, Letnik:
19, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Bright Internet research was launched as a core project of the AIS Bright ICT Initiative, which aims to build an ICT-enabled Bright Society. To facilitate research on the Bright Internet, we ...explicitly define the goals and principles of the Bright Internet, and review the evolution of its principles. The three goals of the Bright Internet are: the realization of preventive security, the provision of the freedom of anonymous expression for innocent netizens, and protection from the risk of privacy infringement that may be caused by preventive security schemes. We respecify design principles to fulfill these seemingly conflicting goals: origin responsibility, deliverer responsibility, identifiable anonymity, global collaboration, and privacy protection. Research for the Bright Internet is characterized by two perspectives: first, the Bright Internet adopts a preventive security paradigm in contrast to the current self-centric defensive protective security paradigm. Second, the target of research is the development and deployment of the Bright Internet on a global scale, which requires the design of technologies and protocols, policies and legislation, and international collaboration and global governance. This research contrasts with behavioral research on individuals and organizations in terms of the protective security paradigm. This paper proposes validation research concerning the principles of the Bright Internet using prevention motivation theory and analogical social norm theory, and demonstrates the need for a holistic and prescriptive design for a global scale information infrastructure, encompassing the constructs of technologies, policies and global collaborations. An important design issue concerns the business model design, which is capable of promoting the propagation of the Bright Internet platform through applications such as Bright Cloud Extended Networks and Bright E-mail platforms. Our research creates opportunities for prescriptive experimental research, and the various design and behavioral studies of the Bright Internet open new horizons toward our common goal of a bright future.
In the paper positive aspects of using cyberspace by yours are determined. The most dangerous risks and barriers to cyber socialization for modern young people are also noted. The types of young ...people’s cyber socialization are theoretically justified and discussed. Criteria for positive and negative cyber socialization are introduced. It is emphasized that the positive vector of cyber socialization is determined by the ability of a young person to transfer useful experience obtained in cyberspace to everyday life activity. On the basis of the theoretical analysis the levels of cyber socialization are identified and the main criteria for their diagnosis are presented. The importance of developing new technologies to facilitate positive forms of socialization of youth in cyberspace is noted. The prospects for further research include the creation of a questionnaire to identify the level and prevailing type of cyber socialization and its validation in a representative sample of young people.
В статье определены позитивные аспекты освоения молодежью киберпространства, а также отмечены наиболее опасные риски и барьеры киберсоциализации для современных молодых людей. Теоретически обоснованы и обсуждены типы киберсоциализации молодежи, введены критерии позитивной и негативной киберсоциализации. Подчеркивается, что позитивный вектор киберсоциализации определяется способностью молодого человека к перенесению полезного опыта, полученного в условиях киберпространства, в повседневную жизнедеятельность. На основе проведенного анализа выделены уровни киберсоциализации и представлены основные критерии для их диагностики. Делается вывод о важности создания новых технологий для развития позитивных форм социализации молодежи в киберпространстве. К перспективам дальнейших исследований отнесена разработка опросника для выявления уровня и преобладающего типа киберсоциализации личности и его апробация на репрезентативной выборке испытуемых молодого возраста.
The article is devoted to the information confrontation of states in modern conditions. The approaches of various countries to the information impact on the internal political situation of other ...states and measures taken at the technical and legislative level in order to counter this threat are described. The concept of «information capacity of the state» is introduced and its components are described. It is concluded that the scale of the information confrontation of states depends on factors that correlate with the components of the information capacity of the state. The use of the introduced conceptual apparatus «information capacity of the state» is a necessary condition for the success of the state policy in matters of information confrontation.
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