Policing Humanitarianism examines the ways in which European Union policies aimed at countering the phenomenon of migrant smuggling affects civil society actors' activities in the provision of ...humanitarian assistance, access to rights for irregular immigrants and asylum seekers. It explores the effects of EU policies, laws and agencies' operations in anti-migrant smuggling actions and their implementation in the following EU Member States: Italy, Greece, Hungary and the UK.The book critically studies policies designed and implemented since 2015, during the so called 'European refugee humanitarian crisis'. Building upon the existing academic literature covering the 'criminalisation of migration ' in the EU, the book examines the wider set of punitive, coercive or control-oriented dynamics affecting Civil Society Actors' work and activities through the lens of the notion of ' policing the mobility society'. This concept seeks to provide a framework of analysis that allows for an examination of a wider set of practices, mechanisms and tools driven by a logic of policing in the context of the EU Schengen border framework: those which affect not only people, who move (qualified as third- country nationals for the purposes of EU law), but also people who mobilise in a rights-claiming capacity on behalf of and with immigrants and asylum- seekers.
The role of education systems is crucial in creating bilingualism and multilingualism. Based on domestic and foreign literature and structured interviews with public officials in North Macedonia and ...Italy, the article analyses the solutions and incentives for institutional bilingualism, which have proven insufficient thus far. It also offers a model of multilingualism as a concept of an ideal environment where speakers can communicate using multiple languages. The impact of new information and communication technologies on language learning and use in bilingual areas and their contribution to the creation of an ideal environment conducive to multilingualism will also be examined. The data obtained shows, among other things, that artificial intelligence is also revolutionising language use and learning. Nonetheless, despite rapid progress, human communication in different languages cannot be replaced by artificial algorithms.
Environmental problems – particularly climate change – have become increasingly important to governments and social researchers in recent decades. Debates about their implications for social policies ...and welfare reforms are now moving towards centre stage. What has been missing from such debates is an account of the history of the welfare state in relation to environmental issues and green ideas.
A Green History of the Welfare State fills this gap. How have the environmental and social policy agendas developed? To what extent have welfare systems been informed by the principles of environmental ethics and politics? How effective has the welfare state been at addressing environmental problems? How might the history of social policies be reimagined? With its lively, chronological narrative, this book provides answers to these questions. Through overviews of key periods, politicians and reforms the book weaves together a range of subjects into a new kind of historical tapestry, including: social policy, economics, party politics, government action and legislation, and environmental issues.
This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of environmental policy and history, social and public policy, social history, sociology and politics.
This book offers new insight into the end of the British Empire in the Middle East. It takes a fresh look at the relationship between Britain and the Gulf rulers at the height of the British Empire, ...and how its effects are still felt internationally today. Over the last four decades, the Persian Gulf region has gone through oil shocks, wars and political changes, and yet the basic entities of the southern Gulf states have remained largely in place. How did this resilient system come about for such seemingly contested societies? Drawing on extensive multi-archival research in the British, American and Gulf archives, this book illuminates a series of negotiations between British diplomats and the Gulf rulers that inadvertently led Bahrain, Qatar and the UAE to take their current shapes. The story addresses the crucial question of self-determination versus 'better together', a dilemma pertinent to anyone interested in the transformation of the modern world.
This Routledge Focus aims to investigate and analyse the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Communities (EC) and the European Union (EU). Since joining the EC in 1973, the UK has had a ...fraught relationship with the organization, declining closer economic union in the eurozone and, often, arguing against closer political union. While some 67% of the UK’s voters opted to remain in the EC in a referendum held in 1975, by June 2016 a narrow majority favoured leaving the EU. This volume evaluates the UK’s journey into the Union, and examines how the country’s voters came to decide on Brexit, and where the UK’s departure from the EU may lead it.
Julie Smith is Director of the European Centre, POLIS Department, Cambridge University, and Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge. She is also a member of the United Kingdom House of Lords.
1. Introduction
2. The Origins of European Integration: Emerging Lines of (Dis-)engagement
3. Winning and Losing: money, power and the politics of treaty reform
4. Leaving the People Behind
5. Seeking to reconcile Conservatives and Coalition
6. Cameron’s Three Rs: Reform, renegotiation, referendum
7. Where do we go from here?
Postscript
References
Index
Immigration in Ireland, including the Croatian one, has risen significantly in recent times. That is why in the last several years Ireland has been trying to find ways of ensuring the adequate ...cultural and linguistic integration of immigrants into Irish society. This paper deals with the language use and attitudes among Croatian immigrants in Ireland. The research that was conducted in the period from June to August 2019 included 82 Croatian immigrants in Ireland. It included the application of a questionnaire that consisted of four parts and that was filled out by the participants through the Facebook social network. The participants were asked questions connected to their emigration to Ireland. Most of the language-related questions included a reference to the English language, with a focus on specific aspects related to the process of learning, knowledge and use of English in different contexts. The results of the research suggest, among other things, that most participants have a positive attitude towards residing in Ireland and towards the English language. Most of them evaluated their current knowledge of English as better than average. Although the knowledge of English was not predominantly evaluated as crucial for finding employment in Ireland, still a significant number of participants evaluated it as relevant for their employment.
Prema procjenama, trenutno u Irskoj živi između 24.000 i 25.000 Hrvata koji su iselili nakon ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku uniju 2013. godine. Najintenzivnije iseljavanje iz Hrvatske u Irsku ...registrirano je 2017. godine kada je izdano približno 4.900 PPS-brojeva hrvatskim državljanima. Kretanje broja izdanih PPS-alokacija hrvatskim državljanima od 2013. do 2021. godine prema publikacijama irske statističke službe (Central Statistics Office), upozorila je na 1,8 puta veće razmjere iseljavanja iz Hrvatske u Irsku nego DZS i smatra se najrelevantnijim pokazateljem neto imigracije iz Hrvatske u Irsku. Dobni profil iseljenika u Irsku ne razlikuje se znatno od klasičnoga recentnoga iseljenika iz Hrvatske, uglavnom je riječ o iseljenim osobama koje su trenutno u mlađoj i zreloj radnoj dobi, tj. između 30 i 35, te 40 i 50 godina starosti, koje u Irskoj žive između 6 i 10 godina. S obzirom na to da se standardna kvalitativna
istraživanja iseljavanja iz Hrvatske temelje na definiranju motiva odlaska i procjene mogućega povratka, metodom online anketiranja provedeno je istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku od 145 iseljenih osoba koje
trenutno žive i rade u Irskoj, a s ciljem definiranja njihovoga prosječnoga radno-ekonomskoga profila. Glavni rezultati upozorili su na specifična obilježja radnoga mjesta i uvjeta rada od kojih će se u nastavku izdvojiti oni najvažniji. Prosječno vrijeme potrebno za pronalazak posla u Irskoj
je 21,7 dan, a najviše ispitanika (2/3) trenutno je zaposleno u uslužnim djelatnostima, zdravstvu, administraciji te ICT-sektoru. Većina ispitani-ka (82 %) imala je posao u Hrvatskoj što potvrđuje da iseljavanje nije isključivo ekonomski uvjetovano i da posjedovanje radnoga mjesta nije preduvjet ostanka u Hrvatskoj. Prilikom označavanja najvažnijih stavki prilikom izbora posla, ispitanici su visinu plaće i mogućnosti napredovanja rangirali kao dva najvažnija čimbenika, dok im je najmanje važna odrednica posao „u struci“. Usporedbom visine plaće uočeno je da su prosječni mjesečni prihodi u Irskoj dva do tri puta veći, nego u Hrvatskoj, kao i očekivani osnovni životni izdatci (stanovanje i komunalne
usluge), zbog čega 2/3 ispitanika mora, za njihovo podmirivanje, izdvojiti između 20 i 40 % mjesečne zarade. Iako su razlike relativno male, ispitanici su pokazali veće zadovoljstvo kvalitetom života i životnim standardom nego trenutnim radnim mjestom u Irskoj što se može objasniti odnosom visine mjesečnih prihoda i osnovnih životnih troškova, ali i ne-ekonomskim čimbenicima kao što su uređenost društva, način upravljanja, funkcioniranje institucija, administrativno rasterećenje i sl. Na kraju, istraživanje je potvrdilo neizvjesnost povratka za 36 % ispitanika, manji udio ispitanika perspektivu povratka svodi na ispunjenje određenih kriterija kao što su stjecanje uvjeta za mirovinu u Irskoj (23
%) ili uštedu značajnijega novčanoga iznosa (13 %), dok 28 % uopće nema namjeru povratka u Hrvatsku.
Whenever anyone mentions Ireland, the first things that leap to mind are the rolling green landscape, picturesque castles, and cheerful Irish people hanging out in pubs, listening to good music and ...drinking Guinness. These are typical scenes from various movies set on the “emerald isle,” as the poet William Drennan poetically called it. Ireland has a long and complicated history. Until the end of the Middle Ages, it was characterized by Celtic culture, Viking raids, and the Norman invasion, and the entire Modern Age was marked by the dispute between the British and the Irish over control of the island—and many bloody conflicts between the two. It was only in the twentieth century that the situation calmed down to some extent, and the island was divided into the independent Republic of Ireland and British Northern Ireland.
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