Sugars induce anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. As a conserved energy sensor, SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase 1) is involved in sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation. However, the exact molecular ...mechanism by which SnRK1 regulates the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in response to sucrose in plants is not clear. In this study, it was found that MdSnRK1.1 interacted with MdJAZ18 protein which acts as a repressor in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. MdSnRK1.1 then phosphorylated MdJAZ18 to facilitate its 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, which released MdbHLH3 thereby activating the expression of the regulatory and structural genes, thus finally promoting the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the involvement of MdSnRK1.1 in sucrose-induced accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs. For the first time, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism by which the crosstalk of sucrose and JA signaling regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.
The
family is a plant-specific gene family involved in regulating many plant processes, such as development and growth, defense and stress responses, fertility and reproduction, and the biosynthesis ...of secondary metabolites. The v2.0 peach (
genome, which has an improved chromosome-scale assembly and contiguity, has recently been released, but a genome-wide investigation of the peach
family is lacking. In this study, 16
family genes from the peach genome were identified according to the peach reference genome sequence information and further validated by cloning sequencing. The synteny, phylogenetics, location, structure, and conserved domains and motifs of these genes were analyzed, and finally, the peach
family was characterized into 9
, 1
, 1
and 5
subfamily members. Expression profiles of peach
,
, and
genes in various organs and fruit developmental stages were analyzed, and they showed limited effects with fruit ripening cues. Four
members were significantly affected at the mRNA level by exogenous treatment with MeJA in the peach epicarp, and among them,
,
and
were significantly correlated with fruit epicarp pigmentation. In addition, the TIFY family member protein interaction networks established by the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay not only showed similar JAZ-MYC2 and JAZ homo- and heterodimer patterns as those found in Arabidopsis but also extended the JAZ dimer network to ZML-ZML and JAZ-ZML interactions. The PpJAZ3-PpZML4 interaction found in this study suggests the potential formation of the ZML-JAZ-MYC complex in the JA-signaling pathway, which may extend our knowledge of this gene family's functions in diverse biological processes.
Abstract
Abscisic acid is involved in the regulation of cold stress response, but its molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the APETALA2/ethylene ...responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family protein MdABI4 positively regulates abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance in apple. We found that MdABI4 interacts with MdICE1, a key regulatory protein involved in the cold stress response, and enhances the transcriptional regulatory function of MdICE1 on its downstream target gene MdCBF1, thus improving abscisic acid-mediated cold tolerance. The jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 negatively modulate MdABI4-improved cold tolerance in apple by interacting with the MdABI4 protein. Further investigation showed that MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfere with the interaction between the MdABI4 and MdICE1 proteins. Together, our data revealed that MdABI4 integrates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals to precisely modulate cold tolerance in apple through the JAZ-ABI4-ICE1-CBF regulatory cascade. These findings provide insights into the crosstalk between jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals in response to cold stress.
The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor family protein MdABI4 integrates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signals to modulate cold tolerance through the JAZ-ABI4-ICE1-CBF regulatory cascade in apple.
The
TIFY
gene family, a key plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, is involved in diverse biological processes including plant defense and growth regulation. Despite TIFY proteins being ...reported in some plant species, a genome-wide comparative and comprehensive analysis of
TIFY
genes in plant species can reveal more details. In the current study, the members of the
TIFY
gene family were significantly increased by the identification of 18 and six new members using maize and tomato reference genomes, respectively. Thus, a genome-wide comparative analysis of the
TIFY
gene family between 48 tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
, a dicot plant) genes and 26 maize (
Zea mays
, a monocot plant) genes was performed in terms of sequence structure, phylogenetics, expression, regulatory systems, and protein interaction. The identified TIFYs were clustered into four subfamilies, namely, TIFY-S, JAZ, ZML, and PPD. The PPD subfamily was only detected in tomato. Within the context of the biological process,
TIFY
family genes in both studied plant species are predicted to be involved in various important processes, such as reproduction, metabolic processes, responses to stresses, and cell signaling. The Ka/Ks ratios of the duplicated paralogous gene pairs indicate that all of the duplicated pairs in the
TIFY
gene family of tomato have been influenced by an intense purifying selection, whereas in the maize genome, there are three duplicated blocks containing Ka/Ks > 1, which are implicated in evolution with positive selection. The amino acid residues present in the active site pocket of TIFY proteins partially differ in each subfamily, although the Mg or Ca ions exist heterogeneously in the centers of the active sites of all the predicted TIFY protein models. Based on the expression profiles of
TIFY
genes in both plant species, JAZ subfamily proteins are more associated with the response to abiotic and biotic stresses than other subfamilies. In conclusion, globally scrutinizing and comparing the maize and tomato
TIFY
genes showed that
TIFY
genes play a critical role in cell reproduction, plant growth, and responses to stress conditions, and the conserved regulatory mechanisms may control their expression.
Review: Losing JAZ4 for growth and defense Miccono, Maria de Los Angeles; Yang, Ho-Wen; DeMott, Logan ...
Plant science (Limerick),
10/2023, Letnik:
335
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
JAZ proteins are involved in the regulation of the jasmonate signaling pathway, which is responsible for various physiological processes, such as defense response, adaptation to abiotic stress, ...growth, and development in Arabidopsis. The conserved domains of JAZ proteins can serve as binding sites for a broad array of regulatory proteins and the diversity of these protein-protein pairings result in a variety of functional outcomes. Plant growth and defense are two physiological processes that can conflict with each other, resulting in undesirable plant trade-offs. Recent observations have revealed a distinguishing feature of JAZ4; it acts as negative regulator of both plant immunity and growth and development. We suggest that these complex biological processes can be decoupled at the JAZ4 regulatory node, due to prominent expression of JAZ4 in specific tissues and organs. This spatial separation of actions could explain the increased disease resistance and size of the plant root and shoot in the absence of JAZ4. At the tissue level, JAZ4 could play a role in crosstalk between hormones such as ethylene and auxin to control organ differentiation. Deciphering biding of JAZ4 to specific regulators in different tissues and the downstream responses is key to unraveling molecular mechanisms toward developing new crop improvement strategies.
Anthocyanin accumulation is recognized as a visible biomarker of plants that have suffered from environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced anthocyanin ...biosynthesis remain unclear. Expression of anthocyanin-specific genes is regulated by the conserved MBW complex, which is composed of the MYB, bHLH, and WD40 subunRs in higher plants. MBW activity is repressed by MYBL2 and the JAZ family proteins, which bind competitively to bHLH and MYB/bHLH, respectively. Here, we found that MYBL2 and JAZs mediate gibberellic acid-inhibRed anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Competitive pull-down and dual-lucifarase assays showed that DELLA proteins directly sequester MYBL2 and JAZ repressors, leading to the release of bHLH/MYB subunits and subsequently to the formation of active MBW complex, which then activates the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The JAZ-DELLA-MYBL2 module also plays an Important role in abiotic stress-induced anthocy- anin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that the DELLA protein RGA accumulates upon plant exposure to abiotic stresses. Altogether, our data reveal that DELLA-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis is mediated at least in part by MYBL2 and JAZ regulatory proteins, providing new insights into the coordinated regulation of plant growth and defense through metabolic pathway regulation.
SUMMARY
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the biosynthesis of tanshinones. While individual transcription factors have been extensively studied in the ...context of tanshinones biosynthesis regulation, the influence of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐induced transcriptional complexes remains unexplored. This study elucidates the positive regulatory role of the basic helix–loop–helix protein SmMYC2 in tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. SmMYC2 not only binds to SmGGPPS1 promoters, activating their transcription, but also interacts with SmMYB36. This interaction enhances the transcriptional activity of SmMYC2 on SmGGPPS1, thereby promoting tanshinones biosynthesis. Furthermore, we identified three JA signaling repressors, SmJAZ3, SmJAZ4, and SmJAZ8, which interact with SmMYC2. These repressors hindered the transcriptional activity of SmMYC2 on SmGGPPS1 and disrupted the interaction between SmMYC2 and SmMYB36. MeJA treatment triggered the degradation of SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ4, allowing the SmMYC2–SmMYB36 complex to subsequently activate the expression of SmGGPPS1, whereas SmJAZ8 inhibited MeJA‐mediated degradation due to the absence of the LPIARR motif. These results demonstrate that the SmJAZ‐SmMYC2–SmMYB36 module dynamically regulates the JA‐mediated accumulation of tanshinones. Our results reveal a new regulatory network for the biosynthesis of tanshinones. This study provides valuable insight for future research on MeJA‐mediated modulation of tanshinones biosynthesis.
Significance Statement
The results demonstrate that the SmJAZ‐SmMYC2–SmMYB36 module dynamically regulates the jasmonic acid‐mediated accumulation of tanshinones.
MYC2： The Master in Action Kazan, Kemal; Manners, John M.
Molecular plant,
05/2013, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator ...of most aspects of the jasmonate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock, MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ＇master switches＇ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.
The jasmonate ZIM⁃domain (JAZ) is an inhibitor of the jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction pathway, which plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development and resisting diseases and ...insect pests. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify the JAZ gene family from the whole genome of Toona ciliata and the gene characteristics, subcellular location, phylogenetic evolution, promoter cis-elements, and expression patterns were systematically analyzed. A total of 13 TciJAZs gene family members with complete TIFY and Jas domains were identified that were unevenly distributed on 9 chromosomes, encoding 134–400 amino acids, among which the molecular weights (MWs) was 15.75–42.29 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the TciJAZ gene family could be divided into five subfamilies (Group Ⅰ-Ⅴ) that have close relationships with Citrus clementina, and most TciJAZ family members contain light response and ABA response elements. The transcription factor (TF) families ERF, bZIP, and TCP play many roles with the JAZ family. Subcellular localization results shows that all TciJAZs genes expressed and function in nucleus. RT-qPCR results showed that TciJAZs are mainly expressed in flowers, mature leaves and tender stems. Under MeJA stress, all TciJAZs responded to varying degrees, among which TciJAZ3/4/5/6/7 had a prompt and strong response. Under Hypsipyla robusta stress, TciJAZ1/3/11 expression in leaves and tender stems was significantly upregulated, which may have an anti-insect function. This study provides a basis for further research on TciJAZ genes function and regulatory mechanism in the future and lays the foundation for anti-insect gene selection and insect-resistant breeding of T. ciliata.
•Thirteen TciJAZ genes were identified in Toona ciliata.•TciJAZs are mainly expressed in flower and tender stem in the natural environment.•The majority of TciJAZs actively respond to MeJA and Hypsipyla robusta.•This paper will provide a new perspective for insect resistance breeding of Toona ciliata.
The phytohormone jasmonate is an essential endogenous signal in the regulation of multiple plant processes for environmental adaptation, such as primary root growth inhibition and root hair ...elongation. Perception of environmental stresses promotes the accumulation of jasmonate, which is sensed by the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) co-receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) subgroup IIIe transcription factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are the most extensively characterized JAZ-binding factors and together stimulate jasmonate-signaled primary root growth inhibition. Conversely, the bHLH subgroup IIId transcription factors (i.e. bHLH3 and bHLH17) physically associate with JAZ proteins and suppress jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition. For root hair development, JAZ proteins interact with and inhibit ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) and RHD6 LIKE1 (RSL1) transcription factors to modulate jasmonate-enhanced root hair elongation. Moreover, jasmonate also interacts with other signaling pathways (such as ethylene and auxin) to regulate primary root growth and/or root hair elongation. Here, we review recent progress into jasmonate-mediated primary root growth and root hair development.
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