CLL is considered to be an accumulation of matured lymphocytes.
In blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes, we aimed to assess the correlation of initial hematological features with advanced ...stage in CLL.
A retrospective study was conducted on 138 patients with CLL, confirmed by flow cytometry of peripheral blood collected in the Hiwa Hematological and Oncological Hospital in Sulaimani, Nanakaly Hospital in Hawler, and Azadi Hematology - Oncology Center in Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020.
The mean age of patients was 63.07±11 years, with male predominance. The majority of patients at presentation were Rai stage II and Binet stage A. The frequency of direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity was 6.5%, which also established an appositive relationship with advanced stage. There also were statistically significant relationships between hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and Rai stage and Binet stage disease (P<0.001). No association was noted between different age groups and initial laboratory findings, and there also was no relationship between gender and stage.
In the present study, there was a significant relationship between laboratory findings (hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and LDH levels) and stage. In addition, DAT positivity demonstrated a significant correlation with advanced stage and high LDH levels were associated with more advanced Rai stage.
This thorough analysis focuses on methods for choosing landfill sites in Iraq's Kurdistan Region, with a focus on the cities of Halabja and Koya in particular. The research investigates the concrete ...effects of present landfilling procedures by integrating Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) to illustrate the condition of garbage disposal and the corresponding environmental implications. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis and promote debate on the creation of sustainable waste management plans, the significance of using GIS in decision-making, and the requirement for creative solutions to enhance public health, environmental sustainability, and resource recovery in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The research underscores the importance of increased cooperation between relevant groups and institutions to enhance efficient waste handling. It also proposes potential directions for future exploration, such as more comprehensive inquiries into the effects of various weight allocation methods in AHP, SAW, and WLC procedures, as well as the possibility of advanced GIS technologies and alternative decision-making techniques to enhance the decision-making process.
Submarines are one of the most important assets in any navy, providing not only strategic advantage, but also create a deterrence effect for potential aggressors. In Indonesia, the submarine squadron ...and its capability, is designated as a main asset of the Defense Weapon System of Indonesia (ALUTSISTA). In 2021, the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) conducted a series of operational testing in the Bali Sea, with submarine KRI Nanggala-402 tasked to conduct a torpedo live firing exercise. However, disaster struck during the preparation phase, and communications were lost with the submarine. An emergency protocol was triggered, with surface vessels and resources were activated to respond to the Search and Rescue (SAR) effort. Due to the time sensitive nature of this event, a diplomatic request was made to friendly countries in the region – countries that Indonesia had close bi-lateral ties – to provide assistance in finding the 56 submarine’s crew. The years of strengthening collaboration with Indonesia’s neighbors, and its defense diplomacy in the region has paid off. Search and rescue teams from across countries within Asia Pacific region joined hands, in sending surface vessels, rescue ships, and planes in support of this effort. KRI Nanggala-402 was finally found at the bottom of Northern Bali Sea, with hull damages and its entire crew has been lost in this unfortunate incident. While the incident highlighted the risks of submarine forces, it also highlights the growing importance of defense diplomacy in the region. The globalized atmosphere in which we live in, means coalition building, and greater international collaboration are essential to creating a safer region. This research uses applies qualitative analysis, in conjunction with a descriptive analytical approach, to draw lessons from crisis, and study defense diplomacy and its intricacies from an Indonesian’s standpoint.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most important trends of this century. Recent advances in many different communication technologies and protocols, and access to low-cost and ...low-power microcontrollers and sensors have made it more prevalent. Globally, most IoT adoption comes from developed countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Western Europe, and East Asia, as these countries have a well-established nationwide IoT infrastructure. In contrast, the IoT application in developing countries such as Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) remains restricted as deployment faces main challenges. On the one hand, selecting the right technology for IoT applications can be complicated with so many IoT connectivity technologies such as Cellular, Wi-Fi, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), Bluetooth, and ZigBee on the market. On the other hand, the main impediment seems to be the lack of IoT infrastructure technologies in developing countries. In this paper, a comparative study on the main LPWAN technologies has been carried out in terms of cost and coverage of the network and range to become connectivity technology for IoT applications in the KRI. Based on the study, LoRa technology has been presented and proposed as the optimal connectivity technology to establish an IoT infrastructure for the KRI. The proposed network enables the deployment of IoT applications easier and faster. In addition, various LoRa based IoT applications have been proposed that benefit many sectors. A potential application has been set out as a case study to show case the significance of the new infrastructure. The proposed LoRaWAN infrastructure can accommodate a vast range of applications and will revolutionize IoT applications in the KRI as it enables data transmission over a long distance while using extremely low power.
Background and objective: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is considered by an accumulation of matured lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, spleen. And lymph .We aimed to find the correlation of ...initial hematological feature with advanced stage in CLL. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 138 patients with CLL, confirmed by flow cytometry of peripheral blood collected in Hiwa Hematological and Oncological Hospital in Sulaimani, Nanakaly Hospital in Hawler, and Azadi Hematology - Oncology Center in Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq dated from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Results: The mean age of 63.07±11 years with male predominance. The majority of patients at presentation were Rai Stage II and Binet stage A. The frequency of DAT positivity was found in (6.5%), which also established appositive relationship with advanced stage, there were statistically significant relation of hemoglobin level, platelet counts, LDH level to Rai stage and Binet stage disease (P value <0.001), No association were noted between different age groups and initial laboratory finding, also no relation of gender to staging. Conclusion: In the present study there was a significant relation between laboratory findings (hemoglobin, platelet count, LDH levels) to with staging, in addition DAT positivity demonstrated a significant correlation with advanced stage, those with High LDH levels associated with more advanced Rai stage.
Purpose: This qualitative study explores the effectiveness of crowdfunding as a financing alternative for startups and entrepreneurs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), compared to traditional ...funding sources such as bank loans and grants. Specifically, the study examines the Invest My Idea initiative by Rwanga Foundation, which supports small businesses and startups throughout Iraq. The research aims to evaluate entrepreneurs' knowledge and experience with crowdfunding, identify barriers to promoting campaigns in KRI, and provide recommendations for future efforts. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered through online interviews with four experts and ten entrepreneurs, analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Findings indicate that crowdfunding holds potential as an effective fundraising strategy for KRI entrepreneurs, contributing to the growth and development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Research limitations/implications: However, various obstacles were identified, including lack of trust, cultural barriers, limited knowledge about crowdfunding, legislative issues, and insufficient government support for online campaigns. Practical implications: To address these challenges, the study recommends raising awareness among stakeholders, implementing policy support, and promoting crowdfunding as a widely recognized fundraising method. This research offers valuable insights into the potential advantages and challenges of crowdfunding for KRI startups and entrepreneurs, presenting practical recommendations to enhance campaigns and foster entrepreneurial ecosystem growth. Paper type: Research paper
The onslaught of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (hereafter ISIS) on the Kurdish de facto entity in Iraq in 2014 and the independence referendum in 2017 constituted two important episodes that ...impacted on the foreign policy of the Kurdish entity in multiple ways. This article analyzes and describes the foreign policies of the entity during and after these two episodes until the end of 2022. It attempts to answer the following two questions: How did the ISIS offensive briefly change the priorities of the Kurdish entity's leadership in terms of its foreign policy goals? Secondly, how did the independence referendum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the subsequent events shape the foreign policy priorities of the Kurdish entity in Iraq? Through conducting interviews with high‐level Kurdish politicians and using recently published secondary source materials, this article argues that foreign policy and paradiplomacy played vital roles in the preservation of the KRI during these two very tough periods and that the Kurdish entity had to alter its domestic policy goals to achieve its foreign policy aims and ensure the survival of the Kurdish facto entity in Iraq.
Air pollution is an increasingly environmental problem worldwide. People from Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) constantly complain of poor air quality in the region. Many studies have ...investigated particular aspects of air pollution in theKRI, the issue, however, has never been comprehensively discussed. This study, unlike its precedents, collects all the documents, research articles, and ground facts available concerning air pollution, and aims to thoroughly understand all dimensions of the issue and classifies its significant factors and sources. The result revealed that, compared to 40 years ago, current air quality in the KRI, specifically in the two largest cities of Erbil and Sulaimani, has deteriorated. The root causes were found to be political instability and wars in the region, a sharp increase in population, and poor public services. Similar to many other cities in the developing countries, sources such as transportation have contributed in the pollution. In addition, other significant sources such as dust storms, large and private power generators as well as household kerosene heaters which might not be present in other countries were found contributing in escalation of the pollution. It is concluded that air pollution in theKRIis the outcome of a variety of causes and sources some of which may not be common in other parts of the world.
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