Based on interviews and newspaper and internet sources, the study explores the impact of Covid-19 and the related measures on the life of the Hungarian national community in Slovenia during the first ...wave of the epidemic, i.e. from 12 March to 31 May 2020. Members of the Hungarian national community and their respective institutions, as well as all residents of the border area, were directly affected mainly by border closure, since following the democratic processes after the 1990s, and especially after accession to the European Union, life in the border zone had changed in both qualitative and quantitative terms. In the last decade, residents of the border area on both sides of the border have been integrated in the economic, transport, educational, cultural and sports life of the neighbouring country, their homeland.
This paper investigates depletion rates and available thermal water resources of the transboundary Upper Pannonian loose sandstone geothermal aquifer of the Mura Formation in the Mura-Zala ...sedimentary basin in north-eastern Slovenia, and outlines a regional reinjection strategy to mitigate depletion. The research monitoring network of 12 geothermal wells, which is being constantly upgraded since 2009, has highlighted that the current abstraction rate of 2.4 million m
3
in 2014 is not sustainable because hydraulic state has been continuously deteriorating regionally while the chemical state is affected only locally. The average regional drawdown rate in observation wells is 0.67 m annually, while very rough average value for abstraction wells is 3.0 m per year. The cumulative historical regional drawdown is above 16 m. The available thermal water resources are addressed as the cumulative abstraction rate which reverses the observed declining trend of groundwater levels, and were numerically assessed to be ~1.3 million m
3
of thermal water per year. These numerical models set up in the AUTOUGH2 code also provided the quantification tool of the regional groundwater balance and confirmed the gravity-driven regional groundwater flow with prevailing conductive heat transfer mechanism. Simulations of the regional reinjection strategy outline that the cumulative reinjection rate of ~1.48 million m
3
of thermal water per year should be sufficient to reach good status of the aquifer if the cumulative regional abstraction rate does not change. If it does, the rate should be adjusted accordingly. The water is provided by eight users of geothermal heat and should be returned by the existing reinjection wells in Lendava and Murska Sobota and two new wells situated in the central part of the basin by 2021 the latest. These findings should enhance optimization of exploitation practice and implementation of geothermal doublets in the region as the successful example of a doublet in Lendava exemplifies that no major technological issues should occur if the system is properly designed.
The authors analyze the level of implementation of community policing in Slovenia from the point of view of four sets: quality of police contact, perception level of crime and disorder, fear of ...victimization, and the level of community cohesion. The first part of the report presents the results of the research carried out on a sample of 51 members of the Roma community and 161 members of the non-Roma community in the municipality of Lendava in the northeastern Pomurje region of Slovenia. The results show that the implementation of community policing in the multicultural community studied was slightly above average, whereas statistically significant differences between the Roma and non-Roma population regarding community cohesion and perception of crime and disorder were discovered. Respondents from the Roma community reported perceiving disorder and crime in their environment less frequently, but they are less integrated into the community they live in compared to the non-Roma respondents.
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Lendava: jubilej Pomurskega madžarskega radia, tednika »Nepujsag« in televizijske oddaje »Mostovi - Hidak«, izjave Jolanda Novak Csaszar, odgovorna urednica »MMR« (MURAVIDÉKI MAGYAR RÁDIÓ), dr. Lajos Bence, odgovorni urednik Nepujsaga, Ilona Zver, odgovorna urednica madžarskih Tv oddaj - prostori Radia, bralka novic, mešalka, revija Nepujsag, studio madžarskih skupnosti.
Information:
Lendava: important jubilees of three national media. Pomurski madžarski radio and Nepujsag weekly celebrating their 40th anniversary and their colleagues at the television programme Mostovi - Hidak on their 20th anniversary.
Original language summary:
Lendava: pomembni jubileji treh narodnostnih medijev; Pomurski madžarski radio in tednik »Nepujsag« praznujeta 40 letnico dela, kolegi pri televizijski oddaji »Mostovi – Hidak« pa 20 letnico.
Present-day Lendava Castle superseded the medieval castle located at this site. The former was built in the 12th century, as testified by the frescoes in the castle chapel. Over the years, the castle ...changed its appearance, especially at the time of the Bánffy family. During the Turkish attacks, the castle was severely damaged and the last owners, the noble Esterházy family, renovated it in 1712 and reconstructed it into an L-shape. It was last thoroughly renovated in the 19th century. Since 1973, it has hosted the Lendava Gallery-Museum and its permanent exhibitions, museum collections and, in recent years, high-profile exhibitions of great painters.
King Ladislas I (‘the Holy’) incorporated the territory of Prekmurje into the state and legal framework of the Hungarian crown. It thus became a border zone at the meeting point of two large states, ...which since the first half of the sixteenth century had the same ruler. Already during the late Middle Ages the most important traffic routes in the north-western Pannonian basin led through the Prekmurje plain and through neighbouring Medmurje/Međimurje. The intent of this paper is to emphasise one of the more important determinants of space, i.e. its transit role during the period encompassing the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century. A brief review of the history and descriptions of the regional and local road networks and hospitality establishments is followed by an overview of the many forms of traffic and arrivals in Prekmurje. Based on the style of the most recent monographs on travel and traffic—e.g. those by L. Čoralić and M. Kos—there is a discussion of the possible regions for travel to and from the region. The author cities military reasons, threats and war, migrations (especially of refugees), official, business and private travel, and backs his arguments with a number of illustrative examples from the sources and literature. The paper presents three official trips from the town of Donja Lendava to Trieste and back in 1763. Primary conclusion: Prekmurje was very threatened during this period, but despite that it recorded a great deal of transit and different types of new settlers frequently came here to live.
Geological setting, occurrences, extent, quality and reserves of coal seams in the Mura Formation of the Mura-Zala Basin in NE Slovenia are presented in the paper. The Mura-Zala Basin consists of ...antiforms and sinforms bounded by normal and reverse faults. It is filled in its deepest parts by more than 4000 m of clastic sediments from the late lower Miocene upwards. It represents one of the western basins of the Pannonian Basin System. The coal-bearing Mura Formation is of the Pontian age. It is more than 1000 m thick and consists of marls, silts and sands, and of numerous (10–30) beds of brown coal which are relatively thin. The coal-bearing depositional systemis clearly paralic. Original peat-lands developed in freshwater environments while bulk sedimentation in-between(according to paleontological investigations of the Ostracoda microfauna) took place under influence of brackishwaters. Well ascertained coal beds are only those in a restricted area (ca. 60 km2) between Lendava (Slovenia) andMursko Središće (Croatia), where the coal beds dip almost from the surface (under 10–20 m of Quaternary gravel) downwards to depths of not more than 400 m. The whole coal-bearing bed-set in the Lendava area is about 130 m thick but contains only three coal seams which are generally 1.0–2.2 m thick. At the “as received basis” (25–30 %moisture content, 15–20 % ash yield), the net calorific value of the Lendava coal reaches ca. 14.5 MJ/kg, and the average sulphur content is ca. 1.6 %. The Mursko Sredi{}e coal is of a similar quality.Tectonic structure of coal beds is simple and uniform. In the Ormož-Selnica Antiform (which continues to the Budafa – Lovászi Antiform in Hungary), strata inclination follows gentle flanks of this antiform and similar is true for other sinforms and antiforms throughout the Mura-Zala Basin. Several very small collieries were in operationin the area of the Ormož-Selnica Antiform between the 1850s and 1970s. The only a little larger was the Mursko Središće colliery, with the highest production of 170,000 tonnes in 1965, and closed in 1972.Coal beds in the broader area of NE Slovenia (ca 1000 km2) are not explored enough. They were encountered by almost all deep oil, gas, and hydrogeological wells but these wells were not core-drilled. The existing data are originating only from master-logs and geophysical logs, by which, coal thicknesses are most probably exaggerated– telling us about thicknesses of single coal beds of 4 metres and even more. Therefore, realistically speaking, if analogy with the Lendava coal-bearing area is taken into consideration, and taking into account that the coal seams thicker than 1 m are in total 5 m thick, than the total coal resources (at the 1.3 t/m3 density) in the entire NE Slovenia amount to around 6500 Mt. In terms of energy, at calorific value of coal of 14.5 MJ/kg, it represents nearly1014 MJ of energy stored.
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