Parasomnies du sommeil lent Peter-Derex, Laure
Revue neurologique,
April 2022, 2022-04-00, Letnik:
178
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Les troubles de l’éveil sont des parasomnies résultant d’un éveil incomplet en sommeil lent, regroupant les terreurs nocturnes, les éveils confusionnels et le somnambulisme (classification ICSD-3). ...Leur physiopathologie implique la récurrence d’éveils dissociés avec activation des aires sensorimotrices et limbiques, à l’origine de comportements moteurs de complexité variable, et désactivation simultanée des cortex associatifs, expliquant l’altération des fonctions supérieures lors des épisodes. L’impact des troubles de l’éveil sur le plan familial et social est majeur, et les issues médicolégales ne sont pas rares.
L’enjeu principal de leur prise en charge concerne le diagnostic différentiel avec d’autres causes de comportements anormaux nocturnes, notamment l’épilepsie hypermotrice liée au sommeil. Le diagnostic des troubles de l’éveil repose sur l’anamnèse avec description précise des épisodes par l’entourage (voire vidéo apportée par le patient) et sera confirmé par la vidéo-polysomnographie, indiquée lorsque les épisodes sont atypiques, violents, ou qu’une pathologie du sommeil associée (apnées du sommeil par exemple) est suspectée. Sont en faveur du diagnostic : (1) des antécédents familiaux, un début dans l’enfance, une absence d’épisodes non liés au sommeil, la prédominance des épisodes en début de nuit, en stade N3, le faible nombre d’épisodes par nuit ; (2) les caractéristiques sémiologiques des épisodes qui incluent : (a) des comportements d’éveil simple (flexion/extension céphalique, avec parfois mouvements des membres ou du tronc), (b) des comportements avec redressement du sujet, et (c) des comportements complexes avec déambulation, selon une classification récente décrivant le continuum des manifestations motrices enregistrées en vidéo-polysomnographie. Les épisodes ne sont pas stéréotypés, leur début et leur fin sont moins brutaux que dans l’épilepsie et on n’observe pas de posture tonique/dystonique ; (3) la polysomnographie : au cours des épisodes, le tracé est souvent artéfacté et peu informatif. Les paramètres généraux du sommeil sont peu discriminants mais le stade N3 présente une fragmentation anormale.
This article presents an agentic theory of human development, adaptation, and change. The evolutionary emergence of advanced symbolizing capacity enabled humans to transcend the dictates of their ...immediate environment and made them unique in their power to shape their life circumstances and the courses their lives take. In this conception, people are contributors to their life circumstances, not just products of them. Social cognitive theory rejects a duality between human agency and social structure. People create social systems, and these systems, in turn, organize and influence people's lives. This article discusses the core properties of human agency, the different forms it takes, its ontological and epistemological status, its development and role in causal structures, its growing primacy in the coevolution process, and its influential exercise at individual and collective levels across diverse spheres of life and cultural systems.
Extant research confirms the importance of value cocreation through customer participation (CP), but relatively little is known about whether and how it creates an enjoyable experience for customers ...and service employees and the consequential outcomes of this positive affective experience. This study applies the concept of flow as an overarching framework and draws theoretical support from social cognitive theory, particularly its extension (i.e., the conceptual model of relational efficacy beliefs), to examine how customers and employees derive enjoyment from CP conditional on their perceived efficacy of themselves (self-efficacy SE) and their partners (other-efficacy OE) in financial services. Empirical results from 223 client-financial adviser dyads confirm that participation enjoyment, in addition to economic and relational values, mediates the impact of CP on participants' satisfaction evaluations, with SE positively moderating CP's impact on participation enjoyment. The synergistic effect of SE and OE on participation enjoyment also differs for clients versus financial advisers: Even incongruent levels of SE and OE can enhance participation enjoyment as long as they help validate role expectations of the respective participants.
Religion and art Harrison, Ted
Theology (Norwich),
03/2023, Letnik:
126, Številka:
2
Journal Article
A meditation on religion and art first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 by the broadcast journalist, producer, artist and theological commentator Ted Harrison.
The purpose of this review was threefold. First, the theorized sources of self-efficacy beliefs proposed by A. Bandura (1986) are described and explained, including how they are typically assessed ...and analyzed. Second, findings from investigations of these sources in academic contexts are reviewed and critiqued, and problems and oversights in current research and in conceptualizations of the sources are identified. Although mastery experience is typically the most influential source of self-efficacy, the strength and influence of the sources differ as a function of contextual factors such as gender, ethnicity, academic ability, and academic domain. Finally, suggestions are offered to help guide researchers investigating the psychological mechanisms at work in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs in academic contexts.
Liturgie předem posvěcených darů Mrňávek, Tomáš
Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Theologica,
06/2020, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article we intend to present the divine liturgy of the presanctified gifts, an ancient and significant Lenten liturgy of the Byzantine tradition. It consists of vespers and a solemn Holy ...Communion.
We know little about the role of faculty mentoring in the development of interest in pursuing an academic career among doctoral students. Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study ...examined the relationships between different kinds of mentoring (instrumental, psychosocial, and sponsorship) and academic career self-efficacy, interests, and goals. Analyses controlled for race, gender, field, and candidacy status. Psychosocial and instrumental mentoring predicted feelings of self-efficacy in one's ability to pursue an academic career, and exerted significant indirect effects through that selfefficacy, on students' interest in such a career. Race-gender comparisons indicated that sponsorship was not an important predictor for non-URM men, in contrast to the other groups.
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is an exudative effusion with malignant cells. MPE is a common symptom and accompanying manifestation of metastatic disease. It affects up to 15% of all patients with ...cancer and is the most common in lung, breast cancer, lymphoma, gynecological malignancies and malignant mesothelioma. In the last year, many studies were performed focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms of MPE. With the advancement in molecular techniques, the importance of tumor-host cell interactions is becoming more apparent. Additionally, the process of pathogenesis is greatly affected by activating mutations of
,
,
,
,
,
and
, which correlate with an increased incidence of MPE. Considering all these changes, the authors aim to present a literature review of the newest findings, review of the guidelines and pathophysiological novelties in this field. Review of the just recently, after seven years published, practice guidelines, as well as analysis of more than 70 articles from the Pubmed, Medline databases that were almost exclusively published in indexed journals in the last few years, have relevance and contribute to the better understanding of the presented topic. MPE still presents a severe medical condition in patients with advanced malignancy. Recent findings in the field of pathophysiological mechanisms of MPE emphasize the role of molecular factors and mutations in the dynamics of the disease and its prognosis. Treatment guidelines offer a patient-centric approach with the use of new scoring systems, an out of hospital approach and ultrasound. The current guidelines address multiple areas of interest bring novelties in the form of validated prediction tools and can, based on evidence, improve patient outcomes. However, the role of biomarkers in a clinical setting, possible new treatment modalities and certain specific situations still present a challenge for new research.
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