In this first ground-level account of the Muslim separatist
rebellion in the Philippines, Thomas McKenna challenges prevailing
anthropological analyses of nationalism as well as their underlying
...assumptions about the interplay of culture and power. He examines
Muslim separatism against a background of more than four hundred
years of political relations among indigenous Muslim rulers, their
subjects, and external powers seeking the subjugation of Philippine
Muslims. He also explores the motivations of the ordinary men and
women who fight in armed separatist struggles and investigates the
formation of nationalist identities. A skillful meld of historical
detail and ethnographic research, Muslim Rulers and Rebels
makes a compelling contribution to the study of protest, rebellion,
and revolution worldwide.
This article is devoted to the study of public environmental organizations in Germany. The largest of them are “NABU” and “BUND”, which have existed for a long time. They operate at a high scientific ...level throughout the country, from mass events and environmental education to study of global environmental problems and the development of ways to solve them. Particular attention is paid to radical environmental organizations such as “Robin Wood”, “Earth First!”, “Earth Liberation Front”and” Animal Liberation Front”. Their activities are concentrated locally, and their methods of solving environmental problems are harder. As a rule, eco-radical protests are aimed at attracting public attention and encouraging the ruling authorities to take measures to change the environmental situation in a particular region. The attitude of the population to such methods of struggle is ambiguous, but no one is indifferent. Despite the peak of activity of these organizations has passed, this does not prevent them from existing, conducting educational activities and attracting new supporters to their ranks, since some of their initiatives remain relevant to this day.
This paper explores rebel legitimacy building by investigating rebel network formation during civil wars. Through a longitudinal study of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, it examines various ...mechanisms through which a non-state armed group (NSAG) embellishes and enhances its legitimacy among domestic and international support networks. The research also theorizes the complex interaction between domestic and international legitimacy, when and why NSAGs prioritizes politically prestigious network over initial resource-based one, and the impact of the shift on rebel behavior. The causal process explores how rebels’ legitimacy consideration affects their lobbying and coalition-building efforts.
The Eco-Terrorist Wave da Silva, João Raphael
Behavioral sciences of terrorism and political aggression,
07/2020, Letnik:
12, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Within Terrorism Studies, Rapoport, D. C.'s (2004. The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism. In A. Cronin, & J. Ludes (Eds.), Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy (pp. 47-65). Washington, DC: ...Georgetown University Press.) Wave Theory is a theoretical landmark that covers modern terrorism since 1880. However, this masterpiece neglects Eco-Terrorism, a phenomenon starred by the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and some other ideologically similar organizations. Even though it has been catching authorities' attention around the world, such negligence towards the phenomenon has been replicated by others working on Rapoport's Wave Theory, leaving a question unaddressed: 'Was/Is there an 'Eco-Terrorist Wave'?' Methodologically built upon a Time Series analysis on the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) (1970-2017), the present research harmonizes Eco-Terrorism under Rapoport's Wave Theory. Based on the evidence collected, the phenomenon has been evolving in a Rapoportian 'Wave-Like' pattern since 1972.
The past fifty years have seen significant shifts in attitudes toward LGBTQ people and wider acceptance of them in the United States and the West. Yet the extent of this progress, argues Martin ...Duberman, has been more broad and conservative than deep and transformative. One of the most renowned historians of the American left and the LGBTQ movement, as well as a pioneering social-justice activist, Duberman reviews the half century since Stonewall with an immediacy and rigor that informs and energizes. He revisits the early gay movement and its progressive vision for society and puts the left on notice as failing time and again to embrace the queer potential for social transformation. Acknowledging the elimination of some of the most discriminatory policies that plagued earlier generations, he takes note of the cost—the sidelining of radical goals on the way to achieving more normative inclusion. Illuminating the fault lines both within and beyond the movements of the past and today, this critical book is also hopeful: Duberman urges us to learn from this history to fight for a truly inclusive and expansive society.
Although terrorism scholars have begun to recognize the role of communication in the promotion of radicalization, there have been few (if any) studies to explore the radicalizing effects of specific ...types of communication. To redress this oversight, this study seeks to investigate one of the most prevalent types of communication used by terrorist groups - narratives. Specifically, this study features a theme analysis of narratives disseminated by a specific terrorist group, the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), and a discussion of the ways in which the ALF's narrative themes may promote the adoption of beliefs, attitudes, and intentions that are consistent with the group's ideology. Results demonstrate that the ALF narratives are primarily comprised of 10 themes that may promote radicalization through identification with story characters, elicitation of emotional responses, and distinction of in-groups and out-groups. Future avenues of research, including the development of counter-narratives, are also discussed.
This article examines the mass demonstrations that rocked Algiers in December 1960, a major turning point in the Algerian Revolution that precipitated negotiations for independence. The (rather ...limited) scholarly discussions of these demonstrations centre on the question of whether they were spontaneous or organised. Instead of weighing in on either side of this debate, I use the events of December 1960 as an opportunity to unpack what we understand as 'spontaneous' and 'organised' collective action. I argue that the demonstrations were spontaneous insofar as they were not planned in advance. They were also organised on the ground through the deliberate and coherent actions of the inhabitants of Algiers. Drawing on interviews conducted with Algerians who participated in the demonstrations, this paper demonstrates that the Algerian 'masses' understood much more about the political dynamics of the war than they have been given credit for. They acted autonomously and purposefully to liberate themselves. The paper opens with an examination of demonstrators' reasons for participating in December 1960, their goals and tactics, and the role of the National Liberation Front (FLN) in these extraordinary mass demonstrations. This discussion of the spontaneous organising of the December 1960 demonstrations leads us to re-examine, in turn, our understanding of the FLN as an organisation.
Rebels have become the most prolific users of landmines but still display significant variation in how they employ and restrict the weapon's use. This article argues that how rebels exercise ...restraint on landmine use depends on which audiences they rely on most. In a comparative case study of three Philippine rebel groups-the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Abu Sayyaf Group, and the New People's Army-this article highlights three main findings. First, rebels reliant on voluntary compliance from local communities are more likely to limit the effects of landmines on their perceived constituency. Second, when rebels have conciliatory relations with the government, they are more likely to comply with national law, reciprocate government behavior, and limit the effects of landmines on the government's constituents. Finally, rebels seeking legitimacy from human-rights-conscious foreign sponsors are more likely to comply with international law related to landmine use.
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