The article considers the main features of modernization of the Slovenian city of Ljubljana in the late 19th – early 20th centuries under the leadership of Župan (mayor) Ivan Hribar. Following the ...example of the major European cities and their achievements, this prominent Slovenian liberal politician sought to turn Ljubljana into a beautiful, modern, and technically equipped city that could compete with other urban centers of Austria-Hungary. He also made it his mission to develop national identity of the Slovenes and remove the signs of German influence in Ljubljana, which, in his opinion, was to become a city of Slovenian character. He became a župan in 1896, after a major earthquake, which caused enormous damage to the city. In 15 years he managed to implement most of his plans for improvement and to form the new image of Ljubljana, that of a modern Slovenian city. This work is the first attempt to describe Hribar’s activities as a župan of Ljubljana in detail and also to retrace the influence of his national and political views on the formation of municipal policy.
The city of Ljubljana lies at the intersection of various geomorphological regions that have strongly influenced its spatial organization. Prehistoric settlements were built on marshland, a Roman ...town was built on the first river terrace of the Ljubljanica River, and in the Middle Ages a town was built in a strategic position between the Ljubljanica River and Castle Hill. The modern city absorbed all usable space between the nearby hills. This paper reviews some relief features in Ljubljana, their influence on the city’s spatial development, and urban geoheritage. The results indicate new possibilities for urban geoheritage tourism in the Slovenian capital and its surroundings.
About a year before the pandemic struck, personal archives of Anton Sovre (1885–1963) were rediscovered, and they eventually made their way to the National and University Library in Ljubljana. During ...the fifties, Anton Sovre was the undisputed éminence grise of the field of classics in Slovenia and among the new sources now available to researchers is an essay on “Perspective Development of Classical Philology” from 1959. The document was written in the tradition of the Five-Year Plans, and its rhetoric is often amusing. Its content, however, was written mainly by Sovre’s best student. At that time, Kajetan Gantar (1930–2022) had already defended his PhD thesis on Homer. Due to political reasons, he was initially blocked from getting a university position. However, the situation changed somewhat during the thaw in the sixties, when he could finally get the position of lecturer, and he eventually became the leading classical scholar and translator in the country and Sovre’s successor. His proposal for the future of the discipline shows strategic thinking, which was confirmed by the decades that followed.
The article is a detailed reconstruction of early social work education in Slovenia in the 1950s. It marks the beginnings of the professionalisation of social work in the context of state socialism. ...On one hand, the government viewed social work with unease while, on the other, Yugoslavia was the only country of the former “socialist bloc“ to introduce comprehensive social work education in all its republics. Based on archival research, a thematic analysis of written sources on social welfare from the 1950s, and oral narratives of professionals, the article describes the impact of social work education in Croatia on the school in Slovenia, analyses the main actors in the field of social welfare, and addresses the social welfare issues being discussed in the early period.
In an otherwise sympathetic speech to Occupy Wall Street, Slavoj Žižek dismissed protesters' pursuit of direct democracy as a "dream." In no small part responding to a perceived crisis of ...representative politics, however, the popular movements that swept through northern Africa, Europe, and North America during 2011 have been distinguished by their adoption of direct democratic forms. This initial ethnography—collaboratively researched and written by a Slovene activist-theorist and a U.S. anthropologist—considers the significance of the Occupy Movement's democratic practices in Žižek's own hometown. We trace the development of decidedly minoritarian forms of decision making—the "democracy of direct action," as it is known locally—to activists' experiences of organizing for migrant and minority rights in the face of ethnonationalism. We compare the democracy of direct action to Occupy Wall Street's consensus-based model. In conclusion, we ask how ethnographic attention to the varieties of emergent political forms within the current global cycle of protest might extend recent theorizing of radical politics and contribute to broader efforts to reimagine democracy.
In the article, representations of Ljubljana in Slovenian feature films made during the period of accelerated modernisation from the end of WWII to 1969 are analysed. Semiological analysis shows that ...Ljubljana is in these films constructed in a rather diverse yet not entirely arbitrary manner, as in all cases various signifiers of modernisation are presented in negative contexts. In films, where signs of modernisation are largely absent, Ljubljana appears as pleasant and beautiful city, whereas in films, where signs of modernisation are present, Ljubljana is presented as neurotic and alienated city. These representations could be explained by the relatively low status of urbanity in Slovenian culture.
France Stele, Vojeslav Mole and Izidor Cankar, who are considered the founders of Slovenian art history as a modern scientific discipline, were all students of Max Dvořak. Traces of the relationship ...between Dvořak and his three Slovenian students and of his influence over them can be found in different types of sources. I first focus on the preserved personal and intimate documents, their mutual correspondence and on their autobiographical and biographical texts in which we can learn a great deal about Dvořak as a person and teacher. Then I turn to the “historiographical” texts among which Stele’s texts hold a special place; in them he outlined the process of forming the “Ljubljana School of Art History” and defined the origins of its conceptual and methodological framework with one of its key foundations being the ideas of Dvořak.
The Marof archaeological site, which dates back to the 1st–5th centuries ce, lies 10 km SE of the Roman settlement of Emona of Regio X (Venetia and Histria). In addition to other artefacts, several ...stone blocks were recovered. The blocks include worked (shaped) and unworked (natural forms) objects. The provenance of these stones was determined based on their lithological characteristics. The analysis shows that the stone is of Early Jurassic age. While the worked blocks are lithologically diverse and extracted from several sources located within a 10 km radius, the unworked blocks are lithologically homogeneous and originate from the site.
Aims
To verify the applicability, reproducibility and predictive value of a proposed unified classification (amended Ljubljana classification) for laryngeal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs).
...Methods and results
Six internationally recognized experts and three pathologists from Ljubljana contributed to this study by evaluating a set of laryngeal SILs using the new system: low‐grade SIL, high‐grade SIL, and carcinoma in situ (CIS). The overall agreement among reviewers was good. Overall unweighted and weighted κ‐values and 95% confidence intervals were 0.75 (0.65–0.84) and 0.80 (0.71–0.87), respectively. The results were stratified between the international reviewers and the Ljubljana pathologists. The former had good overall agreement, and the latter had very good agreement. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between patients with low‐grade and high‐grade SILs; 19 of 1204 patients with low‐grade SILs and 30 of 240 patients with high‐grade SILs progressed to malignancy in 2–15 years and in 2–26 years, respectively.
Conclusions
The proposed modification to the Ljubljana classification provides clear morphological criteria for defining the prognostic groups. The criteria facilitate better interobserver agreement than previous systems, and the retrospective follow‐up study demonstrates a highly significant difference in the risk of malignant progression between low‐grade and high‐grade SILs.
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