London dispersion interactions contribute essentially to the overall stability of dipnictenes with an E=E2+ (E = P, As, Sb) core supported by anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes. As illustrated by a ...dispersion interaction density (DID) plot, extracted from a coupled cluster‐based Local Energy Decomposition (LED) analysis, about half of the dispersion energy stabilization in the dipnictenes results from intramolecular carbene‐carbene interactions. The other half arises from the interaction of the ligands with the E=E moiety. More information can be found in the Full Paper by G. Bistoni, M. Tamm, et al. on page 18922.
This paper analyses ‘Build to Rent’ (BTR), a new form of tenure in London’s housing market. We examine the ways in which private and public sector actors have shaped the context of BTR’s emergence, ...and developed a model for delivery in London. We argue they relied on and constructed narratives of negativity about the private rental sector, which were juxtaposed with their product to position BTR as a solution to part of London’s housing crisis. Building on this, and leveraging an emerging but supportive institutional context, real estate professionals have adapted a US model to the UK. We argue that both the narrative-generating activities and the model development reveal tensions, which help theorise the ways new models of financing housing emerge.
Sedimentary organic pollution in the urban reaches of the Thames estuary is changing from fossil fuel hydrocarbons to emerging synthetic chemicals. De-industrialisation of London was assessed in ...three cores from Chiswick (Ait/Eyot) mud island using pharmaceuticals, faecal sterols, hydrocarbons (TPH, PAH), Black Carbon (BC) and organotins (TBT). These ranked in the order; BC 7590-30219 mg/kg, mean 16,000 mg/kg > TPH 770–4301, mean 1316 mg/kg > Σ16PAH 6.93–107.64, mean 36.46 mg/kg > coprostanol 0.0091–0.42 mg/kg, mean of 0.146 mg/kg > pharmaceuticals 2.4–84.8 μg/kg, mean 25 μg/kg. Hydrocarbons co-varied down-profile revealing rise (1940s), peak (1950s -1960s) and fall (1980s) and an overall 3 to 25-fold decrease. In contrast, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, paracetamol) and hormone (17β-estradiol) increased 3 to 50-fold toward surface paralleling increasing use (1970s-2018). The anti-epileptics, carbamazepine and epoxcarbamazepine showed appreciable down-core mobility. Faecal sterols confirmed non-systematic incorporation of treated sewage. Comparison to UK sediment quality guidelines indicate exceedance of AL2 for PAH whereas TBT was below AL1.
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•Pharmaceuticals (antibiotics) are rapidly increasing in urban estuarine sediments•Fossil fuel pollution and antifouling organo‑tins have declined but still present•Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are above sediment quality guidelines•Black carbon exerts a strong control over sedimentary pollution in London•Sewage deposition is variable and sourced from both treated and untreated faeces•Antiepileptics, carbamazepine and epoxycarbamazipine are mobile in sediment
All’inizio degli anni 2000, lo street artist Banksy iniziò a diffondere le sue rappresentazioni (disegni a stencil, graffiti, tag e varie altre tipologie di interventi) nelle strade di Londra. Ancora ...semisconosciuto, durante l’arco che, in modo approssimato, si può definire tra il 2000 e il 2010, l’artista di Bristol costruì la sua fama mondiale grazie ad un costante programma di interventi di arte urbana praticata illegalmente nelle strade della capitale britannica. Il presente contributo si propone di esaminare e ripercorrere storicamente le incursioni di Banksy nel panorama visivo della città durante il primo decennio del nuovo millennio, realizzate con il chiaro e dichiarato intento di stimolare la coscienza degli osservatori. In effetti, l’opera del celebre street artist, infatti, può essere interpretata insieme come specchio e reazione ai rapidi cambiamenti economici, sociali e culturali di Londra all’alba del nuovo millennio, oltre che come pietra miliare nella recente storia dell’arte di strada. Il Cans Festival, organizzato da Banksy nel 2008 in un tunnel dismesso della stazione di Waterloo, portò definitivamente alla luce e all’attenzione dei media questa tipologia di interventi artistici, organizzando un incontro tra street artists di tutto il mondo e costituendo così le premesse per le numerose azioni artistiche di tipo legale che ancora oggi continuano ad essere effettuate nello spazio pubblico di Londra. At the beginning of the 2000s, street artist Banksy begins to spread his representations (stencil drawings, graffiti, tags and other kinds of interventions) all over London’s roads. Still almost un-known, between 2000 and 2010, the artist from Bristol builds his world-wide fame thanks to a constant program of illegally-realized urban art actions through the roads of United Kingdom’s capital city. The purpose of the article is to examine and retrace the history of Banksy’s early actions in the visual landscape of the city, focusing on their aspects of strong politic and social criticism, realized with the clear intent of stimulating citizens’ conscience. Indeed, the famous street artist’s work can be interpreted both as a mirror and a reaction to the rapid economic, social and cultural changes of London at the beginning of the 21st century, in addition to constitute a turning point in the recent history of street art. The Cans Festival, which was organized by Banksy in 2008 in an abandoned tunnel in Waterloo Station, finally brought to the light and to the attention of the media this kind of artistic actions, giving the possibility to street artists from all over the world to meet each other. In that occasion, Banksy put the foundations to the following numerous artistic actions realized in a legal regime, which are still today created in London’s public space.
London, like many major cities, has a noted air pollution problem, and a better understanding of the sources of airborne particles in the different size fractions will facilitate the implementation ...and effectiveness of control strategies to reduce air pollution. Thus, the trace elemental composition of the fine and coarse fraction were analysed at hourly time resolution at urban background (North Kensington, NK) and roadside (Marylebone Road, MR) sites within central London. Unlike previous work, the current study focuses on measurements during the summer providing a snapshot of contributing sources, utilising the high time resolution to improve source identification. Roadside enrichment was observed for a large number of elements associated with traffic emissions (Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb and Zr), while those elements that are typically from more regional sources (e.g. Na, Cl, S and K) were not found to have an appreciable increment. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied for the source apportionment of the particle mass at both sites with similar sources being identified, including sea salt, airborne soil, traffic emissions, secondary inorganic aerosols and a Zn-Pb source. In the fine fraction, traffic emissions was the largest contributing source at MR (31.9%), whereas it was incorporated within an “urban background” source at NK, which had contributions from wood smoke, vehicle emissions and secondary particles. Regional sources were the major contributors to the coarse fraction at both sites. Secondary inorganic aerosols (which contained influences from shipping emissions and coal combustion) source factors accounted for around 33% of the PM10 at NK and were found to have the highest contributions from regional sources, including from the European mainland. Exhaust and non-exhaust sources both contribute appreciably to PM10 levels at the MR site, highlighting the continuing importance of vehicle-related air pollutants at roadside.
•Hourly elemental composition of fine and coarse fraction measured during summer.•Improved source apportionment by PMF compared to previous work in London.•Sources included marine, soil, traffic, secondary inorganic, construction, Zn-Pb.•Regional sources were major contributors to the coarse fraction at both sites.•Shipping and industrial emissions have significant impact upon secondary aerosol.
Trace element composition of airborne particles in London reveals major contributions from regional (including shipping and industry) and local sources (road traffic and construction).
Patients receiving hemodialysis are at high risk from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and demonstrate impaired immune responses to vaccines. There have been several descriptions of their ...immunologic responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, but few studies have described the clinical efficacy of vaccination in patients on hemodialysis.
In a multicenter observational study of the London hemodialysis population undergoing surveillance PCR testing during the period of vaccine rollout with BNT162b2 and AZD1222, all of those positive for SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to predictor variables, including vaccination status, using a mixed effects logistic regression model. Risk of infection was analyzed in a subgroup of the base population using a Cox proportional hazards model with vaccination status as a time-varying covariate.
SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified in 1323 patients of different ethnicities (Asian/other, 30%; Black, 38%; and White, 32%), including 1047 (79%) unvaccinated, 86 (7%) after first-dose vaccination, and 190 (14%) after second-dose vaccination. The majority of patients had a mild course; however, 515 (39%) were hospitalized, and 172 (13%) died. Older age, diabetes, and immune suppression were associated with greater illness severity. In regression models adjusted for age, comorbidity, and time period, prior two-dose vaccination was associated with a 75% (95% confidence interval, 56 to 86) lower risk of admission and 88% (95% confidence interval, 70 to 95) fewer deaths compared with unvaccinated patients. No loss of protection was seen in patients over 65 years or with increasing time since vaccination, and no difference was seen between vaccine types.
These data demonstrate a substantially lower risk of severe COVID-19 after vaccination in patients on dialysis who become infected with SARS-CoV-2.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate “flushable” and “non-flushable” wet wipes as a source of plastic pollution in the River Thames at Hammersmith, London and the impacts they have on the ...invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, in this watercourse. Surveys were conducted to assess whether the density of wet wipes along the foreshore upstream of Hammersmith Bridge affected the distribution of C. fluminea. High densities of wet wipes were associated with low numbers of clams and vice versa. The maximum wet wipe density recorded was 143 wipes m−2 and maximum clam density 151 individuals m−2. Clams adjacent to the wet wipe reefs were found to contain synthetic polymers including polypropylene (57%), polyethylene (9%), polyallomer (8%), nylon (8%) and polyester (3%). Some of these polymers may have originated from the wet wipe reefs.
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•Large accumulations of wet wipes are described on the foreshore of the River Thames.•Wet wipes are originating from local sewerage outfalls.•High densities of wet wipes are associated with low numbers of Asian clams.•Clam tissue was digested in 10% KOH solution to reveal microplastic contamination.•Synthetic fibres ingested by Asian clams are potentially released from wet wipes.
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