In 1999, rebels rose to oppose the newly elected former warlord Charles Taylor in Liberia. Motivated by a variety of reasons, the minimal common denominator of these rebels, who assumed the name ...Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), was that Charles Taylor must leave the country. The decentralized nature of LURD though stands out in their struggle, as they don't fit the unitary actor assumed by literature on strategy, nor the alternative conception of decentralized forces fighting for purely local reasons. Understanding such aberrations as LURD is the first step to finding strategies that can incorporate and manage them.
Living unrelated donor (LURD) renal transplantation has shown a rising trend over the last 5 yr at our center following the passing of The Transplantation of Human Organs Act by the Government of ...India in 1994. In this paper, the results of LURD and cadaver (CAD) donor renal transplantation are compared. We have also looked into factors that have a bearing on graft survival such as the extent of HLA mismatch (MM), infections, acute rejections (AR), donor age and sex.
A total of 42 LURD and 25 CAD renal transplants performed between March 1994 and February 1999 has been included in the study. HLA typing, panel reactive antibody (PRA) screening and T and B cell cross match assay were performed by the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) method for all patients.
The graft survival rates were generally higher in the LURD category as compared to the CAD group and were significant at 6 month period (90 vs 56%, P = 0.002). A follow up of the patients up to 60 months revealed a matching effect since the 3, 4 allele MM group had better survival rates as compared to the 5, 6 MM group. Twenty six of the 67 recipients (39%) experienced episodes of acute rejection (AR). Patients with 3, 4 MM had fewer such episodes than those with 5, 6 allele MM (P < 0.05). Of the 32 deaths, 20 were those with a functional kidney, of which 15 were caused by severe infections.
Better HLA matching ensures fewer episodes of rejection and better long term graft survival in comparison to the poorly matched grafts. The graft survival for LURD recipients was appreciably higher than that of CAD recipients.
Liberia’s Rebels Hazen, Jennifer M
What Rebels Want,
02/2013
Book Chapter
This chapter evaluates the resources, options, and preferences of two rebel groups—the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia ...(MODEL)—during the 1999–2003 civil war in Liberia. As President Charles Taylor's regime failed to rebuild the war-torn country or establish a democratic regime, Liberians sought to remove Taylor from power. In 2000, the LURD became a full-fledged rebel movement. Initially, Taylor held the upper hand because he had already built a supply network during the first civil war and could capitalize on his ability as a head of state to import arms legally for the defense of the country. However, a second rebel group—the MODEL—emerged and the rebel groups strengthened and received new supplies from their cross-border patrons. Unable to procure additional weapons, Taylor later accepted asylum in Nigeria. The war ended officially in August 2003 when the fighting factions signed a peace agreement in Accra, Ghana.
Abstract
Quantifying the drivers of terrestrial vegetation dynamics is critical for monitoring ecosystem carbon sequestration and bioenergy production. Large scale vegetation dynamics can be observed ...using the leaf area index (LAI) derived from satellite data as a measure of ‘greenness’. Previous studies have quantified the effects of climate change and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) fertilization on vegetation greenness. In contrast, the specific roles of land-use-related drivers (LURDs) on vegetation greenness have not been characterized. Here, we combined the Interior-Point Method-optimized ecosystem model and the Bayesian model averaging statistical method to disentangle the roles of LURDs on vegetation greenness in China from 2000 to 2014. Results showed a significant increase in growing season LAI (greening) over 35% of the land area of China, whereas less than 6% of it exhibited a significantly decreasing trend (browning). The overall impact of LURDs on vegetation greenness over the whole country was comparatively low. However, the local effects of LURDs on the greenness trends of some specified areas were considerable due to afforestation and urbanization. Southern Coastal China had the greatest area fractions (35.82% of its corresponding area) of the LURDs effects on greening, following by Southwest China. It was because of these economic regions with great afforestation programs. Afforestation effects could explain 27% of the observed greening trends in the forest area. In contrast, the browning impact caused by urbanization was approximately three times of the greening effects of both climate change and CO
2
fertilization on the urban area. And they made the urban area had a 50% decrease in LAI. The effects of residual LURDs only accounted for less than 8% of the corresponding observed greenness changes. Such divergent roles would be valuable for understanding changes in local ecosystem functions and services under global environmental changes.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Extended description:
Breve excerto do vídeo de apresentação do computador, planos deste; declarações de João Paulo Sá Couto, ...fabricante do computador; planos de Craig Barrett, presidente da Intel, empresa do sector informático, principal parceira do negócio - explicações legendadas de Barrett e de José Sócrates, primeiro-ministro durante a sessão de apresentação do Magalhães - intercala com planos de crianças a utilizá-lo. Declarações de Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues, ministra da Educação. Grafismo: custos de utilização do Magalhães. Breves momentos da Assinatura do Protocolo entre parceiros na iniciativa, durante a sessão de apresentação; técnicos informáticos trabalham na linha de produção da fábrica JP Sá Couto. Aperto de mão entre Sócrates e Barrett.- Information:- Original language summary:
Apresentação do Magalhães, um computador portátil vocacionado para crianças entre os 6 e os 10 anos, alunos do primeiro ciclo, que vão poder ter acesso ao computador durante o próximo ano lectivo.- Presentation of the “Magalhães” portable computer, specially orientated to students from the first schooling cycle, aged between 6 and 10 years old, who will get the opportunity to access this portable computer during the next school year.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Cette biographie n'est accessible qu'à partir de postes de consultation d'organismes abonnés au Grove Music Online.- Biographie de ...Maria de Lurdes Martins- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Postal ilustrado EDIÇÕES ROLIM; FERNANDES, José Manuel; JANEIRO, Maria de Lurdes
1901 - 2000
Image
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Postal, produzido durante o século XX, com pequeno painel azulejar designado «La pastourelle» (fundo com paisagem campestre; em ...primeiro plano uma figura feminina sentada sobre umas pedras, junto de uma casa que tem hasteada a bandeira francesa; a moldura fecha em concheado), aplicado no nº 14 do Largo Galvão, em Lisboa (Portugal). Postal ilustrado policromado, em papel.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Postal ilustrado EDIÇÕES ROLIM; FERNANDES, José Manuel; JANEIRO, Maria de Lurdes
1901 - 2000
Image
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Postal, produzido durante o século XX, com pormenor de painel azulejar (arte nova), relevado, de motivo naturalista (flores ...estilizadas), existente num átrio de um edifício na Rua das Janelas Verdes, Lisboa (Portugal). Postal ilustrado policromado, em papel.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Postal ilustrado EDIÇÕES ROLIM; FERNANDES, José Manuel; JANEIRO, Maria de Lurdes
1901 - 2000
Image
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Postal, produzido durante o século XX, com frontão de decoração arte nova (ao centro arranjo de flores ladeado por dois pavões), ...aplicado no edifício situado na Avª Almirante Reis, nº 2, Lisboa (Portugal), da autoria do arquitecto Adães Bermudes (1864-1948), vencedor do prémio Valmor, em 1908. Postal ilustrado policromado, em papel.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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