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•First combined atomistic-continuum fracture model for SiC/SiO2 strong interface.•Showing temperature dependency of modulus and strength for SiC and SiO2.•Showing the effect of ...temperature on the kinking angle under mixed mode I/II.•Extensive effect of temperature on modes I, II, I/II interfacial fracture toughness.
In this paper, for the first time, we combine reactive molecular dynamics and continuum fracture mechanics to investigate the effect of temperature on fracture behavior of a crack existing at the strong interface of SiC/SiO2 ceramic composite. At strong interfaces, existing cracks tend to propagate out of interface under mixed mode (i.e., combined opening/sliding) loading conditions. As temperature varies, the material properties change thereby affecting the interfacial crack propagation behavior. First, the temperature-dependent material properties of silicon carbide (SiC) and amorphous silica (SiO2) derived from ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Next, using a multi-scale modeling approach these temperature-dependent properties are used as inputs to the continuum-based model for investigating the fracture behavior as a function of temperature. By employing maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion at the continuum scale, the effect of ambient temperature on the interfacial fracture toughness and crack kinking angle are studied. It was found that the ambient temperature significantly influences the mixed mode I/II kinking behavior for cracks existing at the SiC/SiO2 strong interface. The overall approach shows that reactive molecular dynamics combined with continuum model provide a more comprehensive modeling approach for examining fracture in ceramic composites with strong interface.
We described an operation that co-overexpress interleukin receptor 1 (IL-1R1) and its co-receptor (IL-1R1AcP) genes in wild-type A375·S2 cells in order to increase their sensibility to IL-1. Firstly, ...laser scanning confocal microscope observed that IL-1R1 could be expressed on the surface of A375·S2 cells. qPCR was performed to estimate the ratio of two genes and result showed the ratio was almost 4.57:1. Then two genes were linked to vectors and co-transfected into A375·S2 cells. qPCR and Western blotting showed the protein content improved markedly. Finally, MTS assay was executed and the sensitivity of A375·S2 cells that co-transfected receptors to IL-1β increased significantly. Another MTS assay showed the cell activity variation changed significantly (
P
< 0.05) and the reliability of the experiment was high, indicating that cell line established in this study could be further used for the activity test of IL-1Ra.
We examine time-series variation in liquidity commonality across sovereign benchmark bonds from 10 Euro-area countries, over a 7-year period using tick-by-tick data from the inter-dealer market and ...study how it is driven by supply determinants (funding constraints of financial intermediaries) and demand determinants (investor sentiment, uncertainty, and cross-market linkages with the equity market) of liquidity. Commonality in liquidity does change over time, tends to intensify in stress periods as well as around ECB policy meetings, and we find stronger evidence in favor of the supply side determinants.
Highlights • Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) consists of pathology in all hippocampal subfields. • Quantifiable differences exist in the involvement of specific subfields in HS. • Neuronal loss is ...greatest in CA1, intermediate in CA3 and CA4, and least in CA2. • Further studies will determine if this pattern can be detected using in vivo MRI.
Three different deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based extraction procedures were rationally designed and optimized for the recovery of antioxidants from chestnut wood fiber (CWF), a clean and largely ...available solid waste of the tannin industry. First, a mild protocol was developed using a choline chloride (ChCl)/tartaric acid DES at 50 °C, for 90 min. Ellagic acid (EA) was identified as the only low molecular weight phenolic component of the extract. In other experiments, harsher conditions were explored involving treatment of CWF with ChCl-based DESs at 120 °C for 8 h, which afforded a solid sample characterized by high phenolic content (up to 1.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/mg of sample) and antioxidant properties (EC50 <0.025 mg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay), and containing guaiacyl-syringyl lignin along with EA. Based on these results, a sequential two-step DES-based treatment of CWF was eventually designed, allowing to selectively obtain both an EA-enriched and an EA-free, lignin-enriched sample, with an overall 50% w/w of the starting CWF dissolved. In particular, a 2.3% w/w yield of EA was achieved, which is significantly higher than those reported in the case of DES-based processing of other agricultural wastes. The proposed tunable, straightforward, and eco-friendly approach may allow to fully exploit CWF as a green, cheap, and easily accessible source of high-value products.
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•Chestnut wood fiber (CWF) can be exploited as a clean source of antioxidants.•Selective deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based extraction protocols were developed.•Choline chloride (ChCl)-tartaric acid DES afforded high yields of ellagic acid.•Subsequent treatment of CWF with ChCl-lactic acid DES led to a lignin-rich extract.•All the extracts exhibited a high phenol content and potent antioxidant properties.
Summary
Background
Emergency departments (ED) serve as a contact point for critically ill patients. According to experience, a fraction of patients visiting ED present with palliative symptoms and ...require palliative care; however, the prevalence of these patients has not been determined in Austria so far.
Methods
In the ED of a tertiary care medical centre in Carinthia all adult patients presenting between 8 January 2018 and 17 January 2018 were classified on arrival with the Manchester triage system (MTS) and were afterwards assessed with a validated 2‑tier screening tool for palliative care. Patient records were screened in April 2018 to find out whether they received palliative care.
Results
In total 1277 patients visited the ED during the investigation period. Of these patients 1096 were screened and 145 of these patients (13.2%) showed palliative symptoms and needed a goal-oriented therapy. Of these 145 patients 10.9% were assessed by MTS as emergency, 2.7% as very urgent, 34.7% as urgent, 51% as normal, and 0.7% as not urgent
.
Only 8 (5.5%) of the patients with palliative medical symptoms actually received palliative care consultation.
Conclusions
More than 1 in 10 patients attending an ED suffered from palliative symptoms. Hence it is to be expected that healthcare providers in an ED in Austria will frequently encounter patients with palliative symptoms in emergency admissions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop suitable structures to provide these patients with the best possible care.
A Velencei-hegység flórájának és növényföldrajzi vonásainak pontosabb feltárására irányuló térképező munka eredményeként számos növényfaj regionális elterjedési mintázata tisztázódott. Jelen ...közleményben 219 növényföldrajzi szempontból fontos, ill. szórványos/ritka taxon (216 faj/alfaj és 3 természetes hibrid) előfordulási adatait mutatom be, és felvázolom a hegység növényföldrajzi jellegzetességeit a korábbi közlemények és az új megfigyelések tükrében. A Velencei-hegység különlegessége, legfontosabb növényföldrajzi vonása egyrészt a markáns kontinentális és szubmediterrán hatások együttes érvényesülése, másrészt az acidofil és az erősen bázikus termőhelyek mozaikosságából fakadó sokszínűség. Néhány, a regionális elterjedési mintázat-típusokat jól reprezentáló faj (Alyssum turkestanicum, Artemisia austriaca, Bupleurum pachnospermum, Doronicum hungaricum, Hypericum elegans, Lathyrus sphaericus, Minuartia viscosa, Ornithogalum comosum, Scabiosa canescens, Sedum caespitosum, Sternbergia colchiciflora, Vinca herbacea) elterjedését térképeken is bemutatom. A térképező munka során több mint ötven, a területről korábban nem ismert taxon is előkerült, köztük biogeográfiai szempontból fontos fajok is, mint pl. Bassia laniflora, Brassica elongata, Bupleurum praealtum, Centunculus minimus, Hypericum elegans, Orlaya grandiflora, Phleum nodosum, Silene dichotoma, Stipa tirsa, Tordylium maximum, Trifolium diffusum, T. ochroleucon, Valeriana dioica.
Class imbalance is a common problem in classification tasks. The learning schemes of most classification algorithms tend to optimize the overall accuracy, and thus, identification of important but ...rarely occurring examples is ignored. The Mahalanobis–Taguchi system (MTS) has been shown to be robust in addressing class imbalance problems owing to its inherent properties of classification model construction. The bagging learning approach often has been applied as a superior strategy to reduce the learning bias of classification algorithms. In this study, we propose MTSbag, which integrates the MTS and the bagging-based ensemble learning approaches to enhance the ability of conventional MTS in handling imbalanced data. We perform numerical experiments involving multiple datasets with various class imbalance levels to demonstrate the effectiveness of MTSbag, especially for datasets with high imbalance levels. Finally, as a healthcare application, an early warning system for in-hospital cardiac arrest, was successfully implemented by leveraging the minority class identification ability of MTSbag.
Le ConWip (constant work in process) fournit aux fabricants un système de contrôle de la production durable, efficace et adaptatif dans des environnements complexes. Une revue de littérature souligne ...une piste de recherche majeure : la mise en œuvre d'un ConWip dans un environnement industriel complexe afin de fournir un retour d'expériences documenté. Cet article propose donc d'étudier un pilotage ConWip dans un contexte industriel mixte MTO (make to order)/MTS (make to stock). Le ConWip est implémenté dans les ateliers de trois entreprises qui fabriquent des pièces mécaniques. Les retours d'expériences sont de trois ordres. Le ConWip a d'abord permis un gain significatif en matière de rebus et de retouche. De plus, plus le flux est tendu grâce à la réduction des tickets ConWip, plus l'ordre des ordres de fabrication suit une règle first in, first out (FIFO). Enfin, le pilotage visuel permet d'être réactif face aux charges et aux aléas non connus et prévus par le logiciel d'ordonnancement et participe à l'animation des équipes.
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