This is a comparative study of Mase music in two Ogu communities; Akarakumo and Lagon-Thogli in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. Issues relating to the origin, relevance, structure, form, and ...development of Mase music in both communities were investigated for documentation and archival purposes. Data is drawn from oral interviews, participant observation and available literature. Respondents were selected among leaders and members of the visited Mase groups. Selected samples of Mase songs were transcribed into staff notation and analysed for documentation. The study revealed that Mase music and its variants were created by Yedenou Adjahoui from the Republic of Benin. The instrumental ensemble of Mase music includes Apotin, Aze, Alekle-daho, Alekle-pevi, Apesin-daho, Apesin-pevi, Ogan, Aya and hand clapping.
Pozadina istraživanja. Sušenje je jedan od najtradicionalnijih postupaka konzerviranja hrane. Optimiranjem postupka sušenja dobivaju se proizvodi koji su cijenom i kakvoćom konkurentni na tržištu. ...Primjena ultrazvuka je uobičajena metoda prethodne obrade proizvoda prije sušenja. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati različite metode sušenja s prethodnom obradom ultrazvukom ili bez nje na prijenos topline i mase, te napraviti simulaciju temperaturnog profila primjenom računalne dinamike fluida. Eksperimentalni pristup. Kriške dinje su prethodno obrađene ultrazvukom pri 25 kHz tijekom 10, 20 i 30 min, te su izmjereni gubitak vode i povećanje mase suhe tvari uzoraka. Uzorci su zatim sušeni pri temperaturama od 50, 60 i 70 °C. Procijenjena je efektivna difuzivnost vode, a eksperimentalni su rezultati oblikovani pomoću empirijskih modela. Protok zraka u sušari i promjena temperature u krišci dinje simulirani su pomoću računalne dinamike fluida. Rezultati i zaključci. Prethodnom obradom ultrazvukom vrijeme se sušenja smanjilo od 25 % (za uzorke obrađene ultrazvukom tijekom 20 i 30 min, a zatim sušene na 50 °C) do 40 % (za uzorke obrađene ultrazvukom tijekom 20 i 30 min, a zatim sušene na 70 °C). Dvočlani eksponencijalni model najbolje je opisao eksperimentalne podatke, a koeficijent difuzivnosti povećavao se s produljenjem obrade uzoraka dinje ultrazvukom. Gubitak vode i povećanje mase suhe tvari tijekom prethodne obrade ultrazvukom, te kinetika sušenja i podaci o difuzivnosti korišteni su za odabir najboljih eksperimentalnih uvjeta i njihovu simulaciju pomoću računalne dinamike fluida. Modeliranjem prijenosa topline potvrđeno je da je distribucija topline u kriški dinje bila u skladu s očekivanjima. Stoga je zaključeno da temperaturni profil dobiven računalnom dinamikom fluida na zadovoljavajući način opisuje postupak sušenja. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Alati za simulaciju stvarnih procesa omogućuju praćenje i poboljšanje postojećih postupaka obrade hrane kao što je sušenje, koje uključuje kompleksne mehanizme, što otežava dobivanje podataka. Primjena računalne dinamike fluida pri sušenju voća i povrća je noviji i slabo istražen postupak. U znanstvenoj literaturi nema podataka o upotrebi računalne dinamike fluida pri sušenju dinje.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to all of us. It has caused an unprecedented shock to the world’s economy, and it has interrupted the lives and livelihood of millions of people. In the last ...two years, a large body of literature has attempted to forecast the main dimensions of the COVID-19 outbreak using a wide set of models. In this paper, I forecast the short- to mid-term cumulative deaths from COVID-19 in 12 hard-hit big countries around the world as of 20 August 2021. The data used in the analysis were extracted from the Our World in Data COVID-19 dataset. Both non-seasonal and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA and SARIMA) were estimated. The analysis showed that: (i) ARIMA/SARIMA forecasts were sufficiently accurate in both the training and test set by always outperforming the simple alternative forecasting techniques chosen as benchmarks (Mean, Naïve, and Seasonal Naïve); (ii) SARIMA models outperformed ARIMA models in 46 out 48 metrics (in forecasting future values), i.e., on 95.8% of all the considered forecast accuracy measures (mean absolute error MAE, mean absolute percentage error MAPE, mean absolute scaled error MASE, and the root mean squared error RMSE), suggesting a clear seasonal pattern in the data; and (iii) the forecasted values from SARIMA models fitted very well the observed (real-time) data for the period 21 August 2021–19 September 2021 for almost all the countries analyzed. This article shows that SARIMA can be safely used for both the short- and medium-term predictions of COVID-19 deaths. Thus, this approach can help government authorities to monitor and manage the huge pressure that COVID-19 is exerting on national healthcare systems.
Istraživanje je obuhvatilo podatke o 144 842 mjerenja visine i tjelesne mase djece u dobi od 24 do 95 mjeseci iz baze podataka programa za primarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu. Izračunate su z vrijednosti ...indeksa tjelesne mase i obavljena je ekstrapolacija rezultata prema standardnim devijacijama za dobne skupine od 24-35, 36 -47, 48-60, 61-71, 72-83 i 84-95 mjeseci. U dobnoj skupini od 2-5 godina ekstremno neishranjenih (-3SD) bilo je u 0,4% mjerenja, umjereno neishranjenih (-2SD) bilo je u 2,9% mjerenja. Prekomjernog TM-a (+2SD) bilo je u 6,6% mjerenja, uz značajno povećanu učestalost u dobnoj skupini od 48-60 mjeseci (6,9%) i češće je prisutna u dječaka. Debljina (+3SD) je prisutna u 1,9% mjerenja djece u dobi od 2-5 godina i značajno je češća u dobi od 48 – 60 mjeseci (2,3%) te je češća u dječaka unutar dobne skupine od 48 – 60 mj. U dobnoj skupini od 5- 8 godina ekstremno neishranjenih je bilo 0,5%, neishranjenih 3,4%, s prekomjernim TM-om 22,7%, te djece s debljinom 8,8%. U najstarijoj dobnoj podskupini od 84-95 mjeseci zabilježene su najveće prevalencije svih promatranih kategorija uhranjenosti. U prevalenciji ekstremne neishranjenosti nije zabilježena razlika s obzirom na spol, dok je u svim drugim kategorijama kod dječaka utvrđena veća prevalencija nego kod djevojčica. Ističe se visoka prevalencija prekomjerne TM u dječaka od 84-95 mjeseci od 35,1%. Učestalost prekomjerne tjelesne mase i debljine je najviša u priobalju, nešto niža u kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske i najniža u gradu Zagrebu.
Automatic identification of rock thin sections provides valuable geological information for oil and gas exploration. However, the application of rock thin sections identification in new blocks works ...poorly. The reason is that the geological data of target blocks are extremely scarce in the early stage of exploration and development. Therefore, using an improved MaSE-ResNetXt network, data enhancement, feature extractors, online transfer learning and other strategies, a stable, efficient and continuously growing end-to-end identification system based on online transfer learning was built.
In case one, the use of the basic MaSE-ResNetXt network on regional rock properties and model categories was compared with previous studies and experiments, and performance improvements of 5% and 14.3% were achieved respectively, which verified the high efficiency of the basic MaSE-ResNetXt network for feature extraction in a large-scale dataset. In case two, sensitivity analysis was conducted for similar categories that are easily confused, during which parameters of the network and optimizer were compared. The sensitivity problems of oolitic structure feature maps were discussed and optimized. After that, a weighted F1-score of 0.95 was reached, proving the prediction stability of cross-regional transfer. In case three, real-time online transfer learning for the cold boot was conducted with scarce geological data. Compared with the previous studies, the training speed was improved by 15 times, and the accuracy was improved by 20%.
An improved method based on MaSE-ResNeXt with transfer learning using a neural network feature map for rock characteristics analysis was proposed. By proposing inheritance and real-time online transfer learning solutions, the problems of automatic rock thin sections identification in a new area were solved, and the geological data of multiple blocks were fully used. By doing so, this study bridged the gap that experiences from the former regions could not be inherited effectively for cross-regional rock thin sections identification, so that empowered the development of new blocks.
Introduction
Marrubium vulgare is a herbal remedy presents in several European Pharmacopoeias and commonly marketed as white horehound. The chemotaxonomic marker of Marrubium genus is marrubiin and ...its content may change in response to biotic and abiotic stress.
Objective
Development of a microwave‐assisted solvent extraction (MASE) methodology suitable for exhaustively extracting marrubiin from M. vulgare leaves, easily applicable to large sets of samples. Evaluation of the influence of copper(II) on marrubiin production.
Material and methods
M. vulgare leaves were dried, extracted exploiting MASE and analysed via high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet photodiode array detection (HPLC‐UV/PAD) system. A design of experiments approach was adopted to select the best extraction conditions. Extraction parameters (solvent composition, extraction time and temperature), were studied applying two full factorial experimental designs in a sequential approach. To analyse samples, a rapid HPLC‐UV/PAD method was set up.
Results
The best results in terms of marrubiin extraction yield were obtained extracting samples at 120°C with 100% ethanol, for 15 min (3 × 5 min microwave cycles). The developed methodology was successfully applied to matrices grown in Greenhouse conditions and under stress induced by copper(II), selected as model agent for abiotic stress. Progressively decreasing production of marrubiin was evidenced in connection with treatment with 80, 200 and 300 mg/L copper sulphate.
Conclusion
An efficient methodology for the extraction and determination of the amount of marrubiin in large sets of samples of M. vulgare plants was developed. Results demonstrated that marrubiin is an easily detectable marker useful for evaluating M. vulgare reaction to stress.
Microwave‐assisted solvent extraction (MASE) coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet photodiode array detection (HPLC‐UV/PAD) analysis was exploited to determine marrubiin, main secondary metabolite of Marrubium vulgare. The best extraction conditions, identified by a design of experiment approach, were used to extract marrubiin from plants grown in Greenhouse conditions or treated with increasing concentrations of copper sulphate, selected as model agent for the abiotic stress. In stressed plants, decreased amounts of marrubiin were found, confirming that marrubiin can be considered a plant status marker.
Stabilnost traktora osim uzdužnog i poprečnog kuta stabilnosti podrazumijeva i sigurnost sidrenja traktora pri privitlavanju drva. Privitlavanje predstavlja vuču drvnih sortimenta po tlu od mjesta ...izrade u sječini do šumskog vozila za privlačenje drva opremljenog sa šumskim vitlom. Kod određenog graničnog tovara i nagiba terena dolazi do narušavanja uzdužne stabilnosti šumskog vozila s vitlom. Pri tome je faktor prijanjanja skidera i traktora sa podlogom važan pokazatelj mogućnosti sigurnog i pravilnog privitlavanja drva.
Na osnovi općeg izraza za faktor prijanjaja skidera na ravnom terenu određen je faktor prijanjanja pri privitlavanju drva na nagibu te prikazan dinamički model opterećenja šumskog vozila pri privitlavanju drva.
U rezultatima su prikazane granične horizontalne komponente sile u užetu i granične mase tovara u slučaju privitlavanja drva skiderom Ecotrac 120 V. Prema dobivenim vrijednostima graničnih horizontalnih komponenti sila u užetu može se zaključiti da je upravo stabilnost vozila definirana pomakom vozila u nazad granični uvjet privitlavanja drva.
Prikazani model privitlavanja drva na nagibu prikazuje temeljni princip za određivanje graničnih tovara i nagiba terena, a koji se može lako prilagoditi ostalim uvjetima privitlavanja drva pri različitim položajima vozila i pravcima privitlavanja drva s obzirom na stvarne eksploatacijske uvjete.
The stability of a forest vehicle apart from the longitudinal and transversal stability angle implies the safety of tractor anchoring during timber winching. Timber winching is a dragging of timber assortmens on the ground from the stump to a forest vehicle equipped with the forest winch. At a certain limiting load and slope of the terrain, disturbance of the longitudinal stability of the forest vehicle with the winch is occured. In this case, the adhesion factor of skidder and tractor on the ground is an important indicator of the possibility of safe and proper timber winching.
The adhesion factor of the skidder during timber winching on the slope is detremined on the basis of the general expression of the adhesion factor on the skidder on the flat ground. Also, determined the dynamic model of the loading of the forest vehicle is presented during timber winching on the slope.
The results show the horizontal components of forces in the rope and the limiting masses of the loads during timber winching by skidder Ecotrac 120 V. According to the obtained values of the horizontal components of forces in the rope, it can be concluded that the stability of the vehicle, defined by the displacement of the vehicle backwards is the limitation of the timber winching.
The presented model of timber winching on the slope shows the basic principle for determining the limiting load masses and slope of the terrain, which can applied to all types of forest vehicles equipped with winch as well as easily be adapted to other conditions of timber winching at different positions of the vehicle and the direction of timber winching.
Istraživanje je provedeno s po 24 svinje iz otvorenoga (ekstenzivnoga) i poluotvorenoga (poluintenzivnoga) sustava, od kojih su 12 muških kastrata i 12 nazimica. Svinje u oba sustava bile su tovljene ...do 100 kg (n = 12) i 130 kg (n = 12) tjelesne mase. Svinje iz otvorenoga sustava hranjene su na pašnjaku i na strništima, uz minimalno prihranjivanje kukuruzom (150g/dan) tijekom zime, kada nema zelene mase. Svinje iz poluotvorenoga sustava hranjene su po volji obrokom kombiniranim od krmne smjese i zelene lucerne. Krmna smjesa u prvoj fazi tova (30 - 60 kg tjelesne mase) imala je 14% sirovih proteina i 13,37 MJ ME/kg, a u drugoj fazi tova (60 – 130 kg tjelesne mase) imala je 12% sirovih proteina i 13,34 MJ ME/kg. Disekcija ohlađenih (+4°C) desnih svinjskih polovica obavljena je prema modificiranoj metodi Wenigera i sur. (1963.). Prema ovoj modifikaciji nije disecirana glava. Kvaliteta mesa (Muscullus longissimus dorsi) istražena je u pogledu pH vrijednosti, sposobnosti vezanja vode i boje. Mesnatost svinjskih polovica bila je veća kod svinja manjih tjelesnih masa (100 kg) u odnosu na svinje većih tjelesnih masa (130 kg) u oba sustava držanja, ali su te razlike bile značajne (p<0,05) samo u poluotvorenome sustavu. Svinje iz otvorenoga sustava imale su mesnatije polovice u odnosu na svinje iz poluotvorenoga sustava i pri manjim (100 kg) i pri većim (130 kg) tjelesnim masama, ali ne i statistički značajno (p>0,05) (49,23% i 44.99%; 46,56% i 42,82%). Utvrđen je značajan utjecaj sustava držanja i tjelesne mase svinja na neke pokazatelje kvalitete mesa. Meso svinja manje tjelesne mase iz otvorenog sustava imalo je značajno više (p<0,01) sirovih proteina od mesa svinja istih tjelesnih masa u poluotvorenom sustavu, kao i meso svinja veće tjelesne mase u odnosu na meso svinja manje tjelesne mase u poluotvorenome sustavu.
The research was carried out on 24 pigs kept in the outdoor (extensive) and 24 pigs kept in the semi-outdoor (semi-intensive) keeping system. In each group there were 12 barrows and 12 gilts. Pigs in both systems were fattened up to 100kg (n=12) and 130kg (n=12) body weight. The pigs from the indoor system were grazing on pastures and stubble-fields, with minimum addition of corn (150 g/day) during winter, when there is no green forage, whereas the pigs kept in the semi-outdoor system were fed ad libitum a combination of feed mixture and green alfalfa. The feed mixture used in the first fattening phase (30 - 60 kg body weight) contained 14% crude protein and 13.37MJ ME/kg, and in the second phase (60-130kg body weight) it contained 12% crude protein and 13.34MJ ME/kg. Dissection of cooled (+4°C) right half-carcasses was carried out according to modified Weniger et al. method (1963). Meat quality (Muscullus longissimus dorsi) was examined in terms of the pH value, water binding capacity and colour. The pH1 value of meat was determined 45 minutes post mortem and pH2 value 24 hours post mortem, by means of the pH-meter Mettler Toledo. Water binding capacity was determined according to Grau and Hamm (1952), and colour (CIE – L, a and b values) by means of a Minolta CR-410 chroma meter. Statistical processing of research results, variance analysis, was carried out by means of Stat. Soft. Inc. 2012. Meatiness of half-carcasses in both production systems was higher in pigs of lower body weight (100kg), compared to pigs of higher body weight (130kg). However, these differences were significant (p<0.05) only in the pigs kept in the semi-outdoor system. Pigs from the indoor system had meatier carcasses in relation to pigs from the semi-outdoor system both at lower (100 kg) and higher (130 kg) body weights, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05) (49.23% and 44.99% : 46.56% and 42.82%). A significant influence of the keeping system and body weight was detected for some indicators of meat quality. Meat of pigs of lower body weight from the outdoor system had a significantly higher (p<0.01) level of crude protein than meat of pigs kept in the semi-outdoor system at the same body weight. No significant differences were detected in terms of crude fat content, regardless of the production system and body weight of pigs.
Podatno tkivo i duga peteljka čine slobodni podlaktični režanj idealnim rekonstruktivnim tkivom u kirurgiji glave i vrata. U radu je analiziran utjecaj perioperativnih čimbenika na produljeno ...cijeljenje donorske regije, s posljedičnim negativnim estetskim izgledom i funkcionalnim ispadom podlaktice.
Na Klinici za bolesti uha, nosa i grla i kirurgiju glave i vrata, KBC Zagreb, u razdoblju od 2018. do 2021. ukupno je od istoga kirurškog tima odignut 31 slobodni podlaktični režanj. Od ukupnog broja bolesnika 18 ih je bilo dostupno za dodatnu estetsku i funkcionalnu evaluaciju operirane podlaktice. Vizualno-analognom skalom (VAS) svaki je bolesnik ocijenio funkcionalno i estetsko stanje svoje operirane podlaktice. S POSAS upitnikom bolesnik je procijenio ožiljak u području odizanja podlaktičnog režnja te ožiljak lokacije s koje je odignut slobodni transplantat kože za rekonstrukciju donorske regije. Dodatno ispitivanje istih lokacija, ali od strane kirurga učinjeno je istim upitnikom (OSAS). Standardiziranim obrascem DASH učinjena je procjena invaliditeta ramena, ruke i šake. Brojčane vrijednosti iz upitnika normirane su u kategorije i statistički obrađene te uspoređene s demografskim i anamnestičkim podatcima za svakog bolesnika.
Količina popušenih cigareta i tjelesna težina u korelaciji su s propadanjem kožnog transplantata prilikom rekonstrukcije donorske regije. Iako je u svega 33,3% bolesnika kožni graft zacijelio uredno, 72,2% bolesnika doživljavaju ožiljak donorskog mjesta kao dobar ili čak izvrstan. Ožiljak na proksimalnoj volarnoj strani nadlaktice, kao mjesto uzimanja slobodnog grafta djelomične debljine kože, bolesnici doživljavaju kao izrazito loš u svega 5,6% slučajeva. Nakon 15 mjeseci postoperativno niti jedan bolesnik ne doživljava svoju podlakticu kao estetski lošu.
Propast kožnog grafta u donorskoj regiji povezan je s intenzitetom pušenja i višim indeksom tjelesne težine. Održana funkcionalnost ruke direktno ovisi o održanom osjetu podlaktice te indirektno o njezinom estetskom izgledu. Odgođeno cijeljenje i bolesniku negativan izgled podlaktice negativno utječu na njegovo svakodnevno korištenje operiranog ekstremiteta. Ta se korelacija gubi nakon šestoga postoperativnog mjeseca, kada većina podlaktica u estetskom smislu dobiva svoj konačan izgled.
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