U radu se iznosi autoričina refleksija na vlastita istraživanja plesnih zbivanja na otoku Lastovu i Korčuli. Fokus im je bio na osvjetljavaju ženskih uloga i sastavnica: bule u korčulanskoj moreški i ...lijepih maškara u lastovskom pokladnom zbivanju. U procesu od terenskog istraživanja, preko njegova odnosa prema postojećoj literaturi i autoritativnim naracijama o ovim fenomenima, do pisanja etnografskog teksta i njegova vraćanja zajednici na koju se odnosi, nadaju se mnoge dvojbe i potreba za višestrukim pregovaranjima. Naročitu pozornost autorica posvećuje pitanju znanstvene odgovornosti i restitucije znanstvenih pristupa, opisa i interpretacija.
Tragajući za ženskim identitetima i perspektivama te ujedno propitujući i svoj identitet žene istraživačice, autorica je nailazila na brojne prepreke i etička spoticanja oko pitanja kako lokalnoj zajednici predstaviti njima novu, drukčiju žensku perspektivu i time možda narušiti dugogodišnju sliku o njihovu plesnom običaju.
Nakon osobnih iskustava terenskih istraživanja plesnih zbivanja i mnogih promišljanja autorica se priklonila znanstvenicima koji smatraju da treba istraživati, pisati i progovarati o svim pojavama i fenomenima koje susrećemo. Smatra da u svojim tekstovima i interpretacijama moramo osloboditi prostor te istaknuti i sporedne aktere zbivanja, a naročito one koje su istraživači prije nas zanemarili, bilo zbog svog nepoznavanja cjelovita zbivanja ili stoga što npr. ženske sudionice nisu ulazile u njihovu sferu zanimanja, a pristup istraživanju dosezao samo do reprezentativnih dijelova običaja. Tako ćemo vjerojatno nakon nekog vremena uspjeti utjecati i na svijest ljudi na terenu, koji su u skladu s dosadašnjim istraživanjima i pod utjecajem autoriteta istraživača i struke (ne ulazeći ovom prigodom u cjelokupni sustav odnosa moći i proizvodnje znanja u društvu) kreirali priču za druge, ali i za sebe, koja u svoj okvir pripušta samo reprezentativne dijelove zbivanja.
Pustno rajanje se je odvijalo v prostorih podjetja, ki se jih je lahko fotografiralo tudi iz okna – kakor je tudi fotografija nastala leta 1966. Fotografije je posredoval Kosovelovi knjižnici, enoti ...Kozina, sorodnik, sicer pa član ŠK Zgodbarnica, Ivan Novak, iz osebnega družinskega albuma.
Na temelju suvremene dokumentacije i djela istaknutih pisaca onoga
doba te služeći se najnovijim istraživanjima te intrigantne problematike,
autorica rekonstruira noćni život renesansnoga Dubrovnika ...koji je bio
sve samo ne idiličan i poželjan. O tome najbolje piše Marin Držić koji u
gotovo svim svojim djelima noć uspoređuje sa samim paklom jer je to vrijeme
strašnih sjena, kada prestaje svaka radost i veselje, a plač zadobiva
posebnu moć. Neslane šale mladih plemića, tučnjave i nimalo bezazlene
igre mačevima i noževima bila su redovita noćna pojava. Na skandaloznoj
rang-listi noćnih izgreda uporaba mača bila je neusporedivo ispred
svih drugih vrsta oružja u međusobnim obračunima vlastele i građana.
U izgredima nisu sudjelovali samo plemići nego – još i više – i mladež
pučana. Ljudi koji su obavljali dužnosti noćne straže doživljavali su mnoge
neugodnosti jer za takav posao nisu bili educirani i nisu imali gotovo
nikakva autoriteta, osobito nad plemićima, pa se činilo da je vlast u tom
pogledu jednostavno nemoćna.
Pustne maškare se veselijo v Dekanih, ob podjetju Lama. Ivan Novak je tam bil zaposlen dolga leta. Fotografije je posredoval Kosovelovi knjižnici, enoti Kozina, sorodnik, sicer pa član ŠK ...Zgodbarnica, Ivan Novak, iz osebnega družinskega albuma.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult ...volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20–1000 nm measured by number concentrations (NC0.02–1), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC0.02–1 or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable.
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•The COVID-19 outbreak has led to a medical mask shortage around the world.•Cotton mask can reduce respiratory droplet transmission in a bedroom or a car.•No significant difference between medical and cotton mask for droplet prevention.•Cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask.•Cotton mask is washable and reusable.
Urban overheating (due to climate change and urbanization) and COVID-19 are two converging crises that must be addressed in tandem. Fine-scale, place-based, people-centric biometeorological and ...behavioral data are needed to implement context-specific preventative measures such as mask-wearing. This study collected local biometeorological measurements in diverse urban spaces (square, urban park, river quay) in Novi Sad, Serbia on hot sunny summer days (27–30 August 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Observations were supplemented by an online survey asking questions about thermal sensation, comfort, and concurrent protective behavior of the local population. Biometeorological measurements show that the main square in the city center was the most thermally uncomfortable area. According to the survey, it was also perceived as the least safe space to not contract the virus. The urban park was perceived as the most thermally comfortable area in the morning and during midday. It was also considered the safest urban space for outdoor activities. In the evening, the river quay was the most thermally comfortable area in the city. Intra-urban differences in Physiologically Equivalent Temperatures were highest during midday, while differences in air temperatures were highest in the evening. More than 70% of the respondents did not wear face masks when it was hot because of breathing issues and feeling warmer than without mask. Most people wearing a mask felt “slightly warm” in the morning and evening, while the majority of respondents felt “hot” during midday. Only 3% of the respondents felt comfortable while wearing a mask, while 97% experienced some degree of discomfort (from slight discomfort to very uncomfortable). Our study shows that fine scale temporal and spatial urban biometeorological data and population surveys should be included in decision-making processes during the pandemic to develop climate-sensitive health services that are place-based, people-centric, and facilitate planning towards green, resilient, and inclusive cities.
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•Heat and masks influence human thermal sensation, comfort, and behavior.•An urban park is most comfortable during the day, a river quay in the evening.•A sun-exposed urban square is the most uncomfortable area.•97% of residents feel uncomfortable while wearing a mask outdoors in hot weather.•The urban park is perceived as the safest outdoor space for not contracting COVID-19.
•No difference was found in the spread of aerosols between single and double surgical masks.•Mask fit is crucial in preventing the spread of aerosols.•Cloth masks can be used, although ...standardization is necessary.
To compare the effectiveness of different mask types in limiting the dispersal of coughed air.
The Schlieren method with a single curved mirror was used in this study. Coughed air has a slightly higher temperature than ambient air, which generates a refractive index gradient. A curved mirror with a radius of curvature of 10 m and a diameter of 60 cm was used. The spread of the cough wavefront was investigated among five subjects wearing: (1) no mask; (2) a single surgical mask; (3) a double surgical mask; (4) a cloth mask; (5) a valveless N95 mask; and (6) a valved N95 mask.
All mask types reduced the size of the contaminated region significantly. The percentage reduction in the cross-sectional area of the contaminated region for the same mask types on different subjects revealed by normalized data suggests that the fit of a mask plays an important role.
No significant difference in the spread of coughed air was found between the use of a single surgical mask or a double surgical mask. Cloth masks may be effective, depending on the quality of the cloth. Valved N95 masks exclusively protect the user. The fit of a mask is an important factor to minimize the contaminated region.
The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is causing an intensely feared globally. World Health Organization has even declared that it is a global health emergency. The simplest method to limit the spread of ...this new virus and for people to protect themselves as well as the others is to wear a mask in crowded places. The sudden increase demand on face mask has caused manufacturers the inability to not provide enough products in a short time and the situation properly will stay the same for a period of time. In this article, we aim to give an idea on how to save the number of face masks used but still provides the same protective values using a Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mask and a common surgical facemask.
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