The Montessori Bibliography Online (MBO) makes information about Montessori education and the Montessori movement more accessible through an online interface that includes links to digitized source ...materials. Historically, Montessori bibliographies and indexes have been published in physical form and include references to other sources, but a direct link is absent. This database builds on previously compiled indexes to consolidate citations into a comprehensive repository with an intuitive user interface and a robust search capability. Additionally, the MBO provides hyperlinks to digitized source material. Although this type of tool is not unprecedented in the larger research and educational landscape, it is novel within the domain of Montessori education. This methodological essay discusses the steps I took to compile and develop the MBO. Beginning with a review of the literature and legal matters, the discussion describes the methods and processes employed. It concludes by outlining future directions for the MBO. The MBO is accessible at https://montessoribib.ku.edu.
This paper examines the thinking of Maria Montessori in relation to the contribution of other branches of educational science to the epistemological status of pedagogy. Specifically, it situates the ...interconnections between Montessori’s approach and medicine (primarily auxology and child neuropsychiatry) understood as a Naturwissenschaften, as well as the practical implications of this interrelatedness, within a heuristic framework that extends beyond the field of special education. Analysis of Montessori’s scientific output around the turn of the twentieth century is followed by a proposed outline of its present-day relevance, in terms of promising avenues of inquiry informed by Montessori’s initial ideas and educational work and recent neuropsychological research.
Maria Montessori’s visit to California in 1915—her second visit to the United States—coincided with multiple events in the region: San Francisco’s Panama–Pacific International Exposition (PPIE), San ...Diego’s Panama–California Exposition (PCE), and the National Education Association of the United States (NEA) annual meeting in Oakland. Her visit also came at a time when the American Montessori movement was splintering, and the academic elite increasingly criticized her educational model. These circumstances made Montessori’s visit to California a potentially valuable opportunity to rekindle interest in Montessori education across the United States. Discussions of Montessori’s visit in 1915 have been framed around her training course and demonstration school at the PPIE. Based on information from primary sources (e.g., newspapers and archival materials), some of which have been overlooked, this article asserts that her visit to California had broader implications. While her eight months in California did have a positive impact on the growth of the Montessori movement, Montessori’s engagement with mainstream education had limited impact and it gave way to waning interest in Montessori education in the United States.
Birey yaşamı boyunca bebeklik döneminden başlayarak bilişsel, duyuşsal ve psikososyal olarak değişim evrelerine sahiptir. Bunlardan en önemlisi ve birey yaşamının diğer tüm aşamalarını da etkileyen ...bebeklik ve erken çocukluk dönemidir. Erken çocukluk, çocukluğun ilk yıllarından başlayarak okulöncesi evresinin tamamını kapsamaktadır. 0 - 72 ayı kapsayan bu evrede bireyin fiziksel, sosyal, duygusal ve zihinsel gelişiminin en hızlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Son dönemde tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ve Türkiye’de de okulöncesi bireylerin eğitiminin önemi gözeltilmeye başlanmış, nicelik ve nitelik bakımından okul öncesi eğitim geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu dönemdeki bireylerin duygusal gelişimleri ve manevi bir takım ihtiyaçları da göz önüne alınarak Ratcliff ve Damon’ın çalışmaları incelendiğinde erken çocukluk dönemi maneviyatının biyolojik bir gerçek olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca Fowler, Oser ve Elkind’in araştırmalarına bakıldığında yine aynı dönemin manevi gelişim basamaklarının detaylarının açığa çıkarıldığı bilinmektedir. Böylelikle erken çocukluk dönemi bireyleri için din eğitiminin varlığı ve zorunluluğu akademik zemine oturtulmuştur. Erken çocukluk dönemi eğitim yaklaşımları incelendiğinde Montessori önemli bir isim olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Doktor olmasının yanı sıra eğitimci kimliğiyle de ön plana çıkan Montessori, özellikle erken çocukluk dönemi bireyleri için geliştirdiği eğitim yaklaşımıyla tüm dünyada yankı uyandırmıştır. Ona göre erken çocukluk dönemi kritik dönem kabul edilmekle birlikte 0-3 (bilinçaltı gelişimi) ve 3-6 yaş (bilinç gelişimi) aralıklarına tekabül etmektedir. Bu dönemde edinilen tüm kazanımların bireyin sonraki evrelerdeki yaşamını etkilediğini bilimsel olarak ortaya koyan Montessori, geliştirdiği eğitim yaklaşımıyla bu yaş aralıklarındaki bireylerin kazanımlarını zenginleştirmeye çalışmıştır. Montessori açtığı eğitim kurumlarıyla, geliştirdiği materyallerle, öğretmenlere yönelik oluşturduğu kurslarla, kendi klinik psikoloji deneysel çalışmalarını eğitim bilimlerine entegre eden araştırma yöntemleriyle eğitime farklı bir bakış açısı getirerek döneminin tek düze yaklaşımlarından ve geleneksel eğitim anlayışından sıyrılmayı başarmıştır. Yine Montessori bireyin erken çocukluk döneminde manevi gelişiminin var olduğuna inanarak bu evredeki gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması gerektiğine vurgu yapmıştır. Manevi gelişimi, Tanrı’yla olan ilişki ve ahlaki gelişim bağlamında ele alan Montessori, bu dönemdeki bireylerin din eğitimine de farklı bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı erken çocukluk dönemi çocuğu için Montessori’nin din eğitimi anlayışını incelemektir. Montessori eğitim metodu Türkiye’deki eğitim bilimleri çalışmalarında etkili bir şekilde kullanılmış, hem teori hem de uygulamalı araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Ancak Türkiye’de yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda Montessori’nin din eğitimi anlayışının aynı oranda dikkate alınmadığı göze çarpmaktadır. Bu araştırma Montessori’nin erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitimi metodunu doğrudan kendi eserlerinden ve bazı yorumcularının eserlerinden hareketle teorik olarak ele almaktadır. Çalışmada birincil kaynaklara ulaşılmaya gayret edilmiş daha sonra ilgili kitap, makale ve tezlere yer verilmiştir. Montessori’nin erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitimi anlayışı nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden döküman analizine tabi tutularak incelenmiştir. Montessori eğitimi metodunun genel ilkeleri için temalara ayrılarak kategoriler oluşturulup, bu temalara uygun belirli başlıklar altında incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda, Montessori erken çocukluk dönemi eğitim yaklaşımının çağdaş eğitim sistemine uygunluk gösterdiği görülmüştür. Montessori’de erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitimi anlayışının Montessori eğitimi metoduna paralelliği doğrultusunda Montessori metodunda kullanılan tüm unsurlar ve ilkelerin Montessori’nin din eğitimi yaklaşımında kullanıldığından hareketle çağdaş din eğitimi yaklaşımlarına da uygunluk gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The individual has stages of cognitive, affective and psychosocial change starting from infancy throughout his life. The most important of these is infancy and early childhood, which also affects all other stages of an individual's life. Early childhood encompasses the entire pre-school stage, starting from the early years of childhood. It is known that the individual's physical, social, emotional and mental development is the fastest in this phase, which covers 0 - 72 months. Considering the importance of the education of preschool individuals all over the world and in Turkey recently, this education has been given weight in terms of quantity and quality. Considering that in addition to the emotional development of individuals in this period, some spiritual needs should be met, and the studies of Ratcliff and Damon in the new period are examined, it has been revealed that early childhood spirituality is a biological fact. In addition, when the researches of Fowler, Oser and Elkind are examined, it is known that the details of the spiritual development stages of the same period were revealed. Thus, the existence and necessity of religious education for early childhood individuals has been placed on an academic basis. When the early childhood education approaches are examined, Montessori stands out as an important name. Standing out with her educator identity as well as being a doctor, Montessori has aroused repercussions all over the world with the education approach she developed especially for early childhood individuals. According to her, although the early childhood period is considered critical, it corresponds to the 0-3 (subconscious development) and 3-6 (consciousness development) ranges. Scientifically revealing that all the gains acquired in this period affect the life of the individual in the next stages, Montessori tried to enrich the achievements of individuals in these age ranges with the education approach she developed. Montessori has succeeded in getting rid of the monotonous approaches and traditional education understanding of the period by bringing a different perspective to education with the educational institutions it opened, the materials it developed, the courses it created for teachers, and the research methods that integrated its clinical psychology experimental studies into educational sciences. Again, Montessori believed that the individual's spiritual development exists in early childhood and emphasized that his developmental needs at this stage should be met. Dealing with spiritual development in the context of the relationship with God and moral development, Montessori brought a different perspective to the religious education of individuals in this period. The purpose of this research is to examine Montessori's understanding of religious education for the early childhood child. Montessori education method has been used effectively in educational science studies in Turkey and has been the subject of both theory and applied research. However, it is striking that Montessori's understanding of religious education is not taken into account at the same rate in scientific studies conducted in Turkey. This research theoretically deals with Montessori's early childhood religious education method directly from her own works and the works of some of his commentators. In the study, primary sources were tried to be reached, and then related books, articles and theses were included. Montessori's understanding of early childhood religious education was examined by subjecting it to document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. Document analysis is a research technique in which various documents are collected, reviewed, interrogated and analyzed as the primary source of research data. For the general principles of the Montessori education method, categories were created by dividing them into themes, and they were examined under certain headings suitable for these themes. As a result of this research, it has been seen that the Montessori early childhood education approach is compatible with the contemporary education system. In line with the parallelism of the understanding of early childhood religious education in Montessori with the Montessori education method, it has been concluded that all elements and principles used in the Montessori method are also compatible with contemporary religious education approaches, since they are used in Montessori's religious education approach.
In the present paper, we aim to investigate the theoretical foundations and consequent actions that moved Maria Montessori to explore, as a pioneer, the theme of individual differences. More ...specifically, the objective is to analyse the interconnection between the theme of differences which, in Maria Montessori's work, features as context and pretext for informed pedagogical action steered towards inclusion in formal and non-formal educational contexts, revising the classic paradigms of intervention, in the light of the most recent interdisciplinary scientific discoveries. Keywords. Maria Montessori - differences - deprived childhood - personalized learning - inclusive education.
Osnivačica metode i filozofije Montessori, Maria Montessori, razvila je u okviru metode Montessori takozvani kozmički odgoj koji se smatra centralnim dijelom njezinog podučavanja. Kozmički odgoj ...nastao je u teškim vremenima ljudske povijesti kao nada i odgovor za bolju budućnost čovječanstva. Temelji se na razumijevanju međusobne povezanosti čovječanstva s prirodom i svim živim i neživim svijetom. U centru kozmičkog odgoja, kao i u centru cijele metode Montessori, nalazi se dijete kojega je potrebno poučavati odgovornosti svojeg djelovanja prema planetu i svim živim bićima, ne bi li tako ljudsko biće ispunilo kozmički zadatak koji je dodijeljen svakomu od nas. Put prema ostvarenju kozmičkog zadatka, između ostalog, čine takozvane velike (kozmičke) priče koje se pričaju djeci mlađeg uzrasta kao temelj za razumijevanje funkcioniranja svijeta i motivacija za daljnje učenje i istraživanje. Ciljevi i zadaće kozmičkog odgoja Montessori odgovaraju ciljevima integrativne bioetike, što se očituje kroz zajedničku želju za odgovorom na ključne probleme čovječanstva i planeta, poput klimatskih promjena, ugroženosti biljnog i životinjskoga svijeta i same ugroženosti ljudskog postojanja u daljnjoj budućnosti. U radu će se ukratko prikazati osnovne ideje kozmičkog odgoja, kakav je osmislila Maria Montessori, i ukazati na dodirne točke kozmičkog odgoja i integrativne bioetike u svjetlu odgoja za bioetički senzibilitet.
Maria Montessori, the founder of the Montessori method and philosophy, developed within her method the so-called Cosmic Education, which is considered to be the central part of her teaching. Cosmic education originated as the answer to and hope for humanity’s brighter future during hard times in its history. It is based on the understanding of the interconnectedness of humanity with nature and all living and non-living things. At the centre of both Cosmic Education and the Montessori method as a whole, is a child who needs to be taught the responsibilities of their actions toward the planet and all living creatures in order for any human being to fulfil the cosmic task assigned to each of us. The path to the realization of said cosmic task, among other things, consists of the so-called great (cosmic) stories that are told to young children as the foundation for the understanding of how the world functions and as motivation for further learning and exploration. The goals and objectives of the Montessori Cosmic Education are in line with the goals of integrative bioethics. This is manifested through a common desire to respond to the crucial issues facing humanity and the planet such as climate change, the endangerment of the flora and fauna and the very threat for the human existence in the distant future. This paper will provide a brief overview of the basic ideas of cosmic education as it was conceived by Maria Montessori and point out where cosmic education and integrative bioethics overlap in terms of bioethical sensibility.
In recent years, philosophers and psychologists have criticized character- or virtue-based normative theories on the basis that human behavior and cognition depend more on situation than on traits of ...character. This set of criticisms, which initially aimed at broadly Aristotelian virtue theories in ethics, has expanded to target a wide range of approaches in both ethics and, recently, epistemology. In this essay, I draw on the works of Maria Montessori to defend her conception of character and particularly of intellectual virtue in the light of situationist objections. I start with an overview of the situationist challenge before turning to some reasons to think that Montessori’s virtue epistemology might be susceptible to it. I then offer a brief discussion of Montessori’s approach to character. After laying out two ways that Montessori, like recent conservative defenses of virtue epistemology, deflates the significance of situationist findings, I show some ways that Montessori’s virtue epistemology resembles so-called “accommodationist” responses to situationism.
The paper aims at recalling Maria Montessori’s essential assumptionsabout the child development and organization of the educationalprocess as a basic issue considering the concept of science ...education.In the Montessori pedagogy, it is characterized by the form of theso-called Cosmic Education. Cosmic Education is a unique approachto work with children aged 6 to 12. Thus, the idea of Cosmic Education,the relationship between the child’s needs and the science educationcurriculum is elucidated. The essence of the Great and Key Lessonsas centers of children’s exploration and research is discussed. TheMontessorian way of learning about fundamental human needs ispresented as an inspiration for school practice. The basis for collectingempirical material is the analysis of the content aiming at the currentachievements within the selected topic characterization.
Autorka w tekście przedstawia założenia edukacji muzycznej w systemie pedagodicznym Marii Montessori, które zostały opracowane przez nią w Barcelonie. Edukacja muzyczna oparta jest na poznaniu ...zmysłami i ich uwrażliwianiu w odbiorze dżwięków, szmerów i ich klasyfikowania. W tekście podane są przykłady ćwiczeń dla dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym.
Maria Montessori çocuk eğitimi konusunda hem teorik hem de uygulamalı birçok çalışma gerçekleştirmiştir. Montessori’nin çalışmaları incelendiğinde hem çocuk eğitiminde hem de -çok bilinmemekle ...birlikte- din eğitiminde özgün girişimlerde bulunduğu görülür. Çalışmamız; Montessori’nin din eğitimi konusundaki uygulamalarını farklı yönleri ile ele almayı, Jerome W. Berryman’ın geliştirdiği Godly Play yaklaşımını teorik temeller ve uygulama süreçleri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler doküman inceleme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Montessori’nin yaklaşık 20 yıl kaldığı Barselona’da kurduğu okulda uygulamalı din eğitimine ayrı bir önem verdiği görülmüştür. Sistematik ve teorik bir din eğitiminin değil, çocukların gelişim düzeylerine göre düzenlenmiş uygun bir çevrede ve okul ortamında, tecrübeye ve çalışmaya dayalı bir din ve maneviyat eğitiminin mümkün olduğunu uygulamalı olarak göstermiştir. Onun eğitim anlayışını daha sistematik bir hale getiren Berryman, bazı yönleriyle Montessori geleneğinden ayrılmakla birlikte, temelde Montessori’ye dayanan erken çocukluk dönemi din eğitiminin Protestan yorumunu geliştirmiştir. Bu yaklaşımda; İncil kıssalarının sınıf ortamında uygun materyaller ile sergilenebileceği ve bunların çocukların dünyasına dâhil edilebileceği iddia edilir. Bunu sağlamak için ayinlerden ziyade çocukların Tanrı’nın kelamı ile baş başa kalacakları ve ilgili materyalden kendi anlamlarını çıkaracakları Montessori sınıfları düzenlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda söz konusu yaklaşımın uygun yöntem ve içerik düzenlemeleri ile diğer dinler için de kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
Maria Montessori carried out both theoretical and practical studies on child education. When Montessori's studies are examined, it is seen that she made original contributions both in education of children and - although not very well known – in religious education. The purpose of this study is to examine the different aspects of Montessori's practices on religious education and to examine the Godly Play approach developed by Berryman in terms of theoretical foundations and application processes. Qualitative research method was used for this purpose. Data was collected through document review. At the end of the study, it is concluded that Montessori gave special importance to applied religious education in the school she founded in Barcelona where she stayed for 20 years. She practically demonstrated that it is possible to study religion and spirituality based on experience and work in a suitable school environment which arranged according to the level of development of children, not a systematic and theoretical religious education. Berryman has developed her educational approach and made it more systematic. Although he has diverged markedly from the Montessori tradition, he has developed a Protestant interpretation of early childhood religious education. In this approach; it is claimed that the Bible stories can be included with appropriate materials in the classroom environment and they can be introduced to the world of children. In order to achieve this goal, the classes should be organized as Montessori’s style, where children would be left alone with the word of God, and they would get meaning from the material themselves. As a result, it can be argued that this approach can be used for other religions with appropriate method and content arrangements.
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