Lack of nationwide evidence on awareness, treatment, and control (ATC) of hypertension among older adults in India impeded targeted management of this condition. We aimed to estimate rates of ...hypertension ATC in the older population and to assess differences in these rates across sociodemographic groups and states in India. We used a nationally representative survey of individuals aged 45 years and over and their spouses in all Indian states (except one) in 2017 to 2018. We identified hypertension by blood pressure (BP) measurement greater than or equal to140/90 mm Hg or self-reported diagnosis if also taking medication or observing salt/diet restriction to control BP. We distinguished those who (i) reported diagnosis ("aware"); (ii) reported taking medication or being under salt/diet restriction to control BP ("treated"); and (iii) had measured systolic BP <140 and diastolic BP <90 ("controlled"). We estimated age-sex adjusted hypertension prevalence and rates of ATC by consumption quintile, education, age, sex, urban-rural, caste, religion, marital status, living arrangement, employment status, health insurance, and state. We used concentration indices to measure socioeconomic inequalities and multivariable logistic regression to estimate fully adjusted differences in these outcomes. Study limitations included reliance on BP measurement on a single occasion, missing measurements of BP for some participants, and lack of data on nonadherence to medication. Hypertension prevalence was high, and ATC of the condition were low among older adults in India. Inequalities in these indicators pointed to opportunities to target hypertension management more effectively and equitably on socially disadvantaged groups.
In the present study Romantic Jealousy Scale for married men and women was developed and validated. The items were empirically generated through interviewing seven participants that is married men ...and women. The scale was administered on a sample (N = 318) of married men and married women between the age range of 21 to 63 years to establish psychometric properties. Reliability of the scale was adequate, and the results of scale factor analysis showed significant KMO value and Bartlett's test of sphericity significant. Scree plot revealed two factors as these two were seen above the elbow of the plot. To confirm the number of factors, factor analysis was conducted that revealed two factors through Principal Component Analysis, Direct Oblimin Rotation and were labeled as Sexual Jealousy and Emotional Jealousy. The inter-item correlation for subscales revealed that the two factors were significantly correlated with the total score of Romantic Jealousy Scale and 15 items out of original 18 items were retained that contributed significantly theoretically as well as empirically. The development and psychometric properties of the Romantic Jealousy Scale were established and discussed keeping in view the contextual and cultural variation. Keywords. Romantic Jealousy, Psychometric Properties, Sexual Jealousy, Emotional Jealousy.
Introduction Carers of people with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) experience greater challenges than carers of people with other dementias due to the younger age of onset and the challenging ...presentation of symptoms. The aim of the present study was to explore experiences of spousal carers of people with bvFTD, including those with the familial form of the disease (fFTD). Method Fourteen qualitative interviews were analysed using an inductive approach to Thematic Analysis to understand experiences of spousal carers of people with bvFTD including those with fFTD. Results Five main themes were identified including: a) The "Constant Battle" - A journey toward an FTD diagnosis, b) Shock, Relief and Fear - Challenges persist post diagnosis, c) The "Life Altering" impact - The loss of the spousal relationship and shifting roles, d) Adapting, Managing Symptoms and Receiving Carer Support, e) Lack of General Knowledge - Barriers to support. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should be educated on the initial presentations of FTD, to enable carers and families receive timely diagnosis and appropriate support. Future research should investigate the impact of fFTD on carers and families, to explore positive or meaningful experiences in caring, as well as theory-driven research to identify helpful coping strategies for carers of people with FTD.
Childfree individuals choose not to have children, which makes them a distinctive group from parents who have had children, not-yet-parents who plan to have children, and childless indivduals who ...would have liked to have children. Most research on parental status and psychosocial characteristics has not effectively distinguished childfree individuals from other non-parents or has relied on non-representative samples. In this study, we use a representative sample of 981 Michigan adults to estimate the prevalence of childfree individuals, to examine how childfree individuals differ from parents and other types of non-parents in life satisfaction, political ideology, and personality, and to examine whether childfree individuals are viewed as an outgroup. We find that over a quarter of Michigan adults identified as childfree. After controlling for demographic characteristics, we find no differences in life satisfaction and limited differences in personality traits between childfree individuals and parents, not-yet-parents, or childless individuals. However, childfree individuals were more liberal than parents, and those who have or want(ed) children felt substantially less warm toward childfree individuals than childfree individuals felt toward each other. Given the prevalence of childfree individuals, the risks of their outgroup status, and their potential role in politics as a uniquely liberal group, it is important for demographic research to distinguish the childfree from others and to better understand these individuals.
Childfree adults neither have nor want children, but estimates of their prevalence vary widely, leading to ambiguity about how common this family status actually is. The goal of this study is to ...examine the effects of sample composition, time, and question wording on estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults. We pool 83 nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults in Japan since 2000 using meta-regression to identify the influence of sex, marital status, year, and survey question. Prevalence estimates are higher when computed from samples of women than men, from samples of singles than married people, from samples collected more recently, and from surveys asking questions about expectations than wants. Most of the variation in estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults can be attributed to differences in sample composition, time, and question wording. Taking these factors into account, we estimate that over 2.5 million Japanese adults age 18-50, or 5.64% of this population, were childfree in 2020.
The transition to marriage is a normative task in the family life cycle and must be analyzed at the individual and couple levels. This longitudinal study explores the impact of partners' empathy and ...their evaluation of their parents' marriage on couples' satisfaction with a relationship before and after the wedding. During the first stage of this study, 162 engaged couples who were planning to marry in the near future participated. During the second stage of the study, the couples were assessed after 6-7 months of marriage. The results of the study indicate that the empathy of both partners predicted relationship satisfaction for engaged couples and husbands. The female partners' assessment of their parents' marriage was a predictor of their relationship satisfaction before the transition to marriage. At the couple level, partners' romantic satisfaction before the wedding mediated the association between their empathy and relationship satisfaction after the transition to marriage.
The present global study attempts to verify the links between marital satisfaction and the number of children as well as its moderators in an international sample. Data for the study was obtained ...from our published dataset and included 7178 married individuals from 33 countries and territories. We found that the number of children was a significant negative predictor of marital satisfaction; also sex, education, and religiosity were interacting with the number of children and marital satisfaction, while there were no interactions with economic status and individual level of individualistic values. The main contribution of the present research is extending our knowledge on the relationship between marital satisfaction and the number of children in several, non-Western countries and territories.
A companion volume to Family Observational Coding Systems, this book moves from the triad to the dyad and provides a showcase for significant developments in the coding of intimate couple ...interactions. The hope is that this book will contribute to the broadening and deepening of the field by disseminating information both about the coding systems that have been developed, as well as the conceptual and methodological issues involved in couple observational research. The first three chapters present overviews of conceptual and methodological issues in the study of couple processes. The remaining chapters describe contributions to the field by 16 teams of researchers. Each chapter provides information about the conceptual underpinnings and structure of the coding system developed by the authors and evidence for its psychometric properties. Couple Observational Coding Systems will be of interest to researchers studying couple interactions as well as clinicians who work with couples.
Background: Infertility effects more than 180 million people world-wide and couples should be evaluated to focus on the modifiable factors and various interventions to optimize the results before ...switching to costly treatments. Artificial insemination husband is one such treatment where various prognostic factors determine the success. Methods: The present study was done in department of reproductive medicine and surgery GSL medical college. All infertile couples attending the clinic and satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria after proper consent were enrolled for study. Various relevant prognostic factors determining outcome were analysed statistically using the chi square test, the Fischer exact test, and the one way ANNOVA test. Results: In present study, the prevalence of positive pregnancy after IUI procedure was 14.7%. The total pregnancy rate per cycle was 10.6%. Among prognostic factors total motile sperm count, semen preparation technique and first AIH cycle showed positive correlation with the outcome. Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, intrauterine insemination (IUI) can provide many infertile couples with an opportunity of parenting. Before beginning this type of therapy, it is crucial to make the right selection of cases and conduct a thorough assessment of the couples. Keywords: AIH, Factors, Infertility, Influence
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