General Maxwell Taylor served at the nerve centers of US military policy and Cold War strategy and experienced firsthand the wars in Korea and Vietnam, as well as crises in Berlin and Cuba. Along the ...way he became an adversary of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's nuclear deterrence strategy and a champion of President John F. Kennedy's shift toward Flexible Response. Taylor also remained a public critic of defense policy and civil-military relations into the 1980s and was one of the most influential American soldiers, strategists, and diplomats. However, many historians describe him as a politicized, dishonest manipulator whose actions deeply affected the national security establishment and had lasting effects on civil-military relations in the United States.
InMaxwell Taylor's Cold War: From Berlin to Vietnam, author Ingo Trauschweizer traces the career of General Taylor, a Kennedy White House insider and architect of American strategy in Vietnam. Working with newly accessible and rarely used primary sources, including the Taylor Papers and government records from the Cold War crisis, Trauschweizer describes and analyzes this polarizing figure in American history. The major themes of Taylor's career, how to prepare the armed forces for global threats and localized conflicts and how to devise sound strategy and policy for a full spectrum of threats, remain timely and the concerns he raised about the nature of the national security apparatus have not been resolved.
Advances in photonics and nanotechnology have the potential to revolutionize humanity's ability to communicate and compute. To pursue these advances, it is mandatory to understand and properly model ...interactions of light with materials such as silicon and gold at the nanoscale, i.e., the span of a few tens of atoms laid side by side. These interactions are governed by the fundamental Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics, supplemented by quantum electrodynamics.This book presents the current state-of-the-art in formulating and implementing computational models of these interactions. Maxwell's equations are solved using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique, pioneered by the senior editor, whose prior Artech House books in this area are among the top ten most-cited in the history of engineering. You discover the most important advances in all areas of FDTD and PSTD computational modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions.This cutting-edge resource helps you understand the latest developments in computational modeling of nanoscale optical microscopy and microchip lithography. You also explore cutting-edge details in modeling nanoscale plasmonics, including nonlocal dielectric functions, molecular interactions, and multi-level semiconductor gain. Other critical topics include nanoscale biophotonics, especially for detecting early-stage cancers, and quantum vacuum, including the Casimir effect and blackbody radiation.
We have investigated the effects of zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles in miscible ionic liquid blend systems for natural gas sweetening and post-combustion CO2 capture. The ...miscible blend systems consists of a polymerizable room temperature ionic liquid (poly(RTIL)) and a “free” room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The poly(RTIL) is 1-vinyl-3-butyl imidazolium-bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imidate (vbimNTf2), while the RTIL is either (i) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (emimBF4), (ii) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (emimNTf2) or (iii) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (emimB(CN)4). Experimental results show that the free ionic liquids are miscible with poly(RTIL), while ZIF-8 are uniformly dispersed in the MMMs. The presence of ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the MMMs considerably improves gas permeability without much scarifying CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities as compared to their poly(RTIL)/RTIL counterparts. The gas permeability of PvbimNTf2/emimB(CN)4/ZIF-8 comprising 25.8wt% ZIF-8 exhibits a threefold increase in gas permeability. Both the semi-logarithmic addition and Maxwell equations are employed to analyze the transport mechanisms across the newly developed MMMs. The permeability vs. ZIF-8 content of PvbimNTf2/ZIF-8, PvbimNTf2/emimNTf2/ZIF-8 follows exactly the Maxwell prediction, indicating these blend membranes are intrinsically heterogeneous with well dispersed ZIF-8 nanoparticles. However, an interesting phenomenon was observed in the PvbimNTf2/emimB(CN)4/ZIF-8 system where the homogeneous poly(RTIL)/RTIL phase turns into a more heterogeneous phase upon the adding of ZIF-8. As a result, a double employment of Maxwell equation is applied to analyze the enhanced gas permeability when a higher ZIF-8 loading is utilized. The PvbimNTf2/emimB(CN)4/ZIF-8 system with 25.8wt% ZIF-8 exhibits impressive performance for post-combustion CO2/N2 (50/50mol%) separation. It has a CO2 permeability of 906.4×3.348×10−19kmolm/(m2spa) (906.4barrer) and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 21 at 35°C and 3.5bar.
Poly(RTIL)/RTIL/ZIF-8 membranes with improved CO2 permeability were fabricated. The membrane performance approaches to the Maxwell prediction with increasing ZIF-8 loading, indicating the polymeric phase transits to a more heterogeneous structure. Display omitted
► Mixed-matrix membranes were made from ionic liquids with decent ZIF-8 dispersion. ► Membranes exhibit improved separation performance for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4. ► The performances agreed with the Maxwell model prediction. ► Mixed gas permeation results show comparable performance as pure gas tests. ► The homogenous phase may shift to a more heterogeneous structure with ZIF-8 added.
This investigation presents a novel three-dimensional simulation model designed for the analysis of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN). The model’s formulation is directly deduced from Maxwell’s ...equations, establishing a Boundary Value Problem (BVP) with boundary conditions tailored to a specific configuration involving a lengthy steel rod encased within a solenoid, subjected to sinusoidal current excitation, all contained within an air enclosure. This chosen configuration holds physical equivalence to the majority of setups commonly utilized in Barkhausen experiments. Utilizing the proposed three-dimensional model, it became feasible, for the first time, to computationally assess the voltage induced in the coil by the flux emanating from all spatial directions. The findings indicate that the MBN signal is primarily generated by the flux rate aligned with the direction of the applied field. Nevertheless, simulations confirm additional contributions to the signal originating from magnetic flux in directions significantly deviating from the applied field direction. It is demonstrated that these contributions from lateral flux significantly influence the angular dependence of the Barkhausen signal energy, showcasing a notable alignment between the proposed model and experimental results. The results underscore the capability of the proposed model to facilitate the simulation of Barkhausen Noise.
•Propose a model for three-dimensional simulation of MBN.•Demonstrated that transversal flux contributes to the measured MBN signal.•Reveal the cause of some imprecisions in the estimation of MCE using MBN.
This is a comprehensive introduction to Landau-Lifshitz equations and Landau-Lifshitz-Maxwell equations, beginning with the work by Yulin Zhou and Boling Guo in the early 1980s and including most of ...the work done by this Chinese group led by Zhou and Guo since. The book focuses on aspects such as the existence of weak solutions in multi dimensions, existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions in one dimension, relations with harmonic map heat flows, partial regularity and long time behaviors.
Cross Polarization is explicitly obtained in the two cases Gaussian and Bessel light beams using the elegant Mukunda–Simon–Sudarshan rule for transition from scalar optics to vector wave optics. ...Unlike other studies, we obtain the results without solving the Maxwell equations.
In this paper, we propose a physical informed neural network approach for designing the electromagnetic metamaterial. The approach can be used to deal with various practical problems such as ...cloaking, rotators, concentrators, etc. The advantage of this approach is the flexibility that we can deal with not only the continuous parameters but also the piecewise constants. As our best knowledge, there is no other faster and much efficient method to deal with these problems. As a byproduct, we propose a method to solve high frequency Helmholtz equation, which is widely used in physics and engineering. Some benchmark problems have been solved in numerical tests to verify our method.
Time asymmetric phenomena are successfully predicted by statistical mechanics. Yet the foundations of this theory are surprisingly shaky. Its explanation for the ease of mixing milk with coffee is ...incomplete, and even implies that un-mixing them should be just as easy. In this book the authors develop a new conceptual foundation for statistical mechanics that addresses this difficulty. Explaining the notions of macrostates, probability, measurement, memory, and the arrow of time in statistical mechanics, they reach the startling conclusion that Maxwell's Demon, the famous perpetuum mobile, is consistent with the fundamental physical laws. Mathematical treatments are avoided where possible, and instead the authors use novel diagrams to illustrate the text. This is a fascinating book for graduate students and researchers interested in the foundations and philosophy of physics.
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