Preseljevanje s podeželja v mesta povzroča propadanje podeželja in prenapolnjenost mest. Glavno vprašanje, ki se pojavlja v zvezi s tem, je, kako se lahko mesta izognejo tej usodi in prestrežejo ...migrante na poti v mesta v iskanju boljših priložnosti. Razvoj turizma lahko ima osrednjo vlogo v razvoju podeželskih območij v Republiki Južna Afrika, in mesto Clarens je primer zgodbe o uspehu na tem področju. Avtorica v članku raziskuje, zakaj je turističnemu mestu, kot je Clarens, uspelo, drugim podobnim mestom pa ne. Podatki so bili zbrani s tremi vprašalniki za tri različne ciljne skupine, kar je omogočilo, da je bil v raziskavo vključen širok spekter déležnikov v turističnem miljeju Clarensa. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je pri spuščanju multinacionalk v majhna turistična mesta potrebna pazljivost, saj lahko te pokvarijo tamkajšnje vzdušje.
Weeds and ornamental plants serve as a reservoir for geminiviruses and contribute to their dissemination, genome recombination and/or satellite capture. Ornamental sunflower (Helianthus spp.) plants ...exhibiting mild leaf curl symptoms were subjected to begomovirus and DNA-satellites isolation. The full-length genome of the isolated begomovirus clone (Od1-A) showed 96.8% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV; accession no. FR772081) whereas, alphasatellite (Od1-a) and betasatellite (Od1-b) clones showed their highest nt sequence identities at 97.4% and 98.2% with ageratum enation alphasatellite (AEA; accession no. FR772085) and papaya leaf curl betasatellite (PaLCuB; accession. no. LN878112), respectively. The evolutionary relationships, average evolutionary divergence and the recombination events were also inferred. The MeYVMV exhibited 9.5% average evolutionary divergence and its CP and Rep had 9.3% and 12.2%, concomitantly; the alphasatellite and the betasatellite had 8.3% and 5.2%, respectively. The nt substitution rates (site-1 year−1) were found to be 6.983 × 10-04 and 5.702 × 10-05 in the CP and Rep of MeYVMV, respectively. The dN/dS ratio and the Tajima D value of MeYVMV CP demonstrated its possible role in host switching. The absolute quantification of the begomovirus demonstrated that mild symptoms might have a correlation with low virus titer. This is the first identification of MeYVMV and associated DNA-satellites from ornamental sunflower in Pakistan. The role of sequence divergence, recombination and importance of MeYVMV along with DNA-satellites in extending its host range is discussed.
Novejše raziskave na območju svetolucijske halštatske kulturne skupine, poimenovane tudi kot posoška skupina, ki je poseljevala razen zgornjega Posočja tudi Bohinjski kot, Cerkljansko in zgornjo ...dolino Nadiže, so pokazale, da je bila poseljenost mnogo gostejša, kot je bilo znano pred tem, kar zadeva predvsem sredogorje Julijskih Alp. Glede na doslej odkrite drobne najdbe sklepamo na poselitev teh predelov v kasnem obdobju svetolucijske skupine. V obdobju, ozna- čenem kot stopnja Sv. Lucija IIa–b, je opazen tudi gospodarski vzpon naselbine na Mostu na Soči kot protourbanega središča celotne kulturne skupine, ki je bila po vsej verjetnosti teritorialno organizirana. Na osnovi doslej opravljenih analiz nekropole na Mostu na Soči pa so predstavljeni na eni strani kazalci vplivov in stikov svetolucijske skupine s sosednjimi in tudi zelo oddaljenimi kraji oz. kulturnimi skupnostmi, na drugi strani pa indikatorji družbene strukturiranosti in diferenciranosti. Pomemben nov element v okviru ritualno-religiozne sfere pa predstavljajo arheološka najdišča v nenavadnih naravnih okoljih, za katere se ponuja razlaga o svetih krajih, kjer so se odvijali posebne vrste zaobljubni obredi. Na koncu je postavljeno tudi vprašanje o pismenosti in etnični pripadnosti svetolucijske halštatske skupnosti.
Data availability and the existence of exchange mechanisms are considered crucial issues for the management of water bodies shared among riparian countries. Moreover, common legislative and technical ...frameworks are assets that foster the management of transboundary waters in an integrated and sustainable manner. The River Basin Management Plans of the European Union’s Water Framework Directive implementation process not only incorporate a cooperative framework, but also include open access internet-based databases that can enhance cooperation and shed light on water-related conflicts among countries that share transboundary waters. The proposed methodological approach in this research is applied in four transboundary river basins, where Greece is the downstream country, and the upstream countries are not all member states of the European Union. The areas of dispute were found in the 2nd Water Convention Report. For each particular case study, data and information from the respective River Basin Management Plans were used to investigate the actual situation. The results demonstrated that significant conflict situations in the past, which involved both water quality and water quantity issues, could be resolved using continuous and reliable datasets included in the management plans. The use of freely available data sources renders the findings of this work useful for the sustainable management of shared waters.
Kljub procesu »vračanja v mestno središče«, značilnem za določene otoke v središču Johannesburga, nekateri opazovalci preučevano območje še vedno dojemajo kot propadajoče in ga povezujejo s ...kriminalom. Čeprav so parki in odprti prostori v Johannesburgu zadnja desetletja propadali, se zdaj obnavljajo. V članku avtorja preučujeta velikost odprtih prostorov in parkov, dostopnih prebivalcem mestnega središča, in kako prijazni so ti uporabnikom. Poleg tega ocenjujeta njihovo trenutno stanje ter raven in učinkovitost razpoložljivih vzdrževalnih storitev. Avtorja preučujeta tudi strategije prenove, ki jih je uvedla mestna občina Johannesburg, na njihovi podlagi pa tudi posebna določila, ki jih je za parke in odprte prostore sprejel lokalni metropolitanski svet. Ugotovitve kažejo, da je sanacija parkov in odprtih prostorov ustrezno vključena v načrte mestne prenove, vendar določene omejitve ovirajo izvedbo tovrstnih izboljšav. Edinstvena dinamika mestnega središča pomeni velik izziv pri vzdrževanju parkov in odprtih prostorov, zato jo je treba ustrezno razumeti in načrtovati ustrezne ukrepe. Pojavlja se tudi potreba po pravičnejši in učinkovitejši dodelitvi virov in po oblikovanju učinkovitejših partnerstev. Končna ugotovitev raziskave je, da bodo potrebe skupnosti zadovoljene šele, ko bodo tovrstna upravljavska vprašanja postavljena v ospredje in se bodo začela ustrezno reševati.
España es un país donde se ha dado una larga tradición de evaluación de la transparencia pública. Desde 2008 Transparencia Internacional España ha venido realizando evaluaciones de la transparencia ...para conjuntos institucionales como las Comunidades Autónomas o los Ayuntamientos, a las que se han sumado otras muchas con mayor o menor difusión e impacto, como Acreditra, el Mapa Infoparticip@, Dyntra, etc. La última propuesta metodológica en sumarse a este listado ha sido la Metodología de Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Transparencia en la Actividad Pública (MESTA), desarrollada por el Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno. Este sistema de evaluación presentado en 2016 tiene hasta la fecha una tímida aplicación práctica con tan solo cuatro ediciones publicadas por los diferentes organismos de control de la transparencia. Sin embargo, puede convertirse en el sistema de referencia, ya que otros sistemas precedentes parecen estar en desuso. Por ello, merece la pena volver la mirada hacia el mismo, su configuración metodológica y su aplicación práctica, sobre todo, las eventualidades y dificultades que ha atravesado la misma, con el fin de desarrollar propuestas de mejora y perfeccionamiento.
España es un país donde se ha dado una larga tradición de evaluación de la transparencia pública. Desde 2008 Transparencia Internacional España ha venido realizando evaluaciones de la transparencia ...para conjuntos institucionales como las Comunidades Autónomas o los Ayuntamientos, a las que se han sumado otras muchas con mayor o menor difusión e impacto, como Acreditra, el Mapa Infoparticip@, Dyntra, etc. La última propuesta metodológica en sumarse a este listado ha sido la Metodología de Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Transparencia en la Actividad Pública (MESTA), desarrollada por el Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno. Este sistema de evaluación presentado en 2016 tiene hasta la fecha una tímida aplicación práctica con tan solo cuatro ediciones publicadas por los diferentes organismos de control de la transparencia. Sin embargo, puede convertirse en el sistema de referencia, ya que otros sistemas precedentes parecen estar en desuso. Por ello, merece la pena volver la mirada hacia el mismo, su configuración metodológica y su aplicación práctica, sobre todo, las eventualidades y dificultades que ha atravesado la misma, con el fin de desarrollar propuestas de mejora y perfeccionamiento.
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•Mesta or ambadi oil having diversified use, is generally extracted from fibre crop kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and roselle (H. sabdariffa) seeds.•Mesta seed yielding 22-24% oil is ...source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) and have high nutritional value.•The seed oil has various phytotechnological applications, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties.•ICAR-CRIJAF, India has developed high yielding and stress resistant varieties of both kenaf and roselle.•Future breeding objective is to develop high oil containing mesta lines with low anti-nutritional factors along with increased omega PUFAs content.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and roselle (H. sabdariffa) commonly known as mesta or ambadi in India, primarily considered as fibre crop in addition to their diversified use as vegetables, food supplements, paper pulp, construction material, animal feed, pharmacological agent, biofuel etc. Both kenaf and roselle seeds contain a variety of bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols and phenolic acids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, phospholipids etc. that possess great nutritional, phyto-pharmaceutical and therapeutic values. Mesta seed contain 22–24% oil and is considered to have high nutritional value and health promoting properties due to the presence of relatively high amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs). Kenaf and roselle seeds are also good source of dietary fibers and proteins that have great promise as a feed resource for livestock and value added nutritional foods like defatted seed meal, protein concentrates from defatted seed, seed cake etc. Our institute has developed high yielding and stress resistant varieties of both crops with breeding efforts centered on developing high yielding types with better fibre quality. Recently, identification of high yielding mesta lines with more oil content changed focus toward development of low cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA), epoxy fatty acids, palmitic (saturated) acid content along with increased omega PUFAs content varieties. The present review focuses on the detailed profile of valuable phytochemicals, nutrients, and health promoting attributes as well as phyto-technological progress, nutraceutical functions, medicinal and biological properties of kenaf and roselle seed oil, so as to explore their potential uses as ingredients of functional food and natural pharmaceuticals.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a valuable fiber and medicinal plant from the Malvaceae family. It is an alternative crop that may be a feasible source of cellulose which is economically viable and ...ecologically friendly. This plant is cultivated for its fiber although its leaves and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine in India and Africa for the treatment of various disease conditions. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production. The kenaf seed oil can be used for cooking and in different industrial applications. The present paper is an overview on its ethnobotanical and phytochemical properties reported in the literature that we have investigated and its great potential as a valuable multipurpose crop due to numerous uses.
The two varieties of mangosteen (
L.) cultivated in Malaysia are known as Manggis and Mesta. The latter is preferred for its flavor, texture, and seedlessness. Here, we report a complete plastome ...(156,580 bp) of the Mesta variety that was obtained through a hybrid assembly approach using PacBio and Illumina sequencing reads. It encompasses a large single-copy (LSC) region (85,383 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,137 bp) that are separated by 27,230 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions at both ends. The plastome comprises 128 genes, namely, 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The plastome of the Manggis variety (156,582 bp) obtained from reference-guided assembly of Illumina reads was found to be nearly identical to Mesta except for two indels and the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Comparative analyses with other publicly available
plastomes, including
,
,
var. Thailand,
,
, and
, found that the gene content, gene order, and gene orientation were highly conserved among the
species. Phylogenomic analysis divided the six
plastomes into three groups, with the Mesta and Manggis varieties clustered closer to
,
, and
, while the Thailand variety clustered with
in another group. These findings serve as future references for the identification of species or varieties and facilitate phylogenomic analysis of lineages from the
genus to better understand their evolutionary history.
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