Proponemos en este artículo explorar antecedentes de elementos fantasmales en la Edad Media mediante la tratadística didáctico-moralizante de la época. Desde la antigüedad, la mayoría de apariciones ...se vehiculaban mediante los sueños. Posteriormente y con el cristianismo, serán propios de la cultura medieval temas macabros como el de los tres muertos, que se manifestarán a los tres vivos para advertirles de la fugacidad de los placeres mundanos. En el medievo aparecerán muertos reclamando un buen entierro, clamando venganza por su muerte, o bien, simplemente incordiando y burlándose de los mortales. Para constatar todo esto, analizaremos relatos del tratado de Johannes Nider, el Formicarius (1437-38), importantísimo no solo porque sirvió de base al posterior Malleus Maleficarum (1486-87), sino porque se trata de la primera exposición sistemática que se escribió sobre estos temas: apariciones de fantasmas, casos de brujería, endemoniados y exorcismos.
Sin entender el territorio, nuestro conocimiento del pasado constituye un paisaje incompleto. La tierra ha sido, es y será esencial en la vida del ser humano. Este trabajo pretende ayudar a completar ...ese paisaje analizando el papel que tuvo el territorio en dos momentos clave en el proceso de construcción de las identidades colectivas: la formación de los topónimos y la creación de una imagen de honra y orgullo, en este caso, durante la Edad Media. De todos los elementos del territorio que sirvieron para ambos casos, el agua adquirió un especial protagonismo. Madrid, objeto de análisis que cerrará este trabajo, es uno de los ejemplos más claros de ese papel del agua en la construcción de una identidad.
If the human soul is made for good, then how do we choose evil? On the other hand, perhaps the human soul is not made for good. Perhaps the magnitude of human depravity reveals that the human soul ...may directly choose evil. Notably, Thomas Aquinas rejects this explanation for the prevalence of human sin. He insists that in all our desires we seek what is good. How, then, do we choose evil? Only by mistaking evil for good. This solution to the difficulty, however, leads Aquinas into another conundrum. How can we be held responsible for sins committed under a misunderstanding of the good? The sinner, it seems, has simply made an intellectual blunder. Sin has become an intellectual defect rather than a depravity of will and desire. Sin: A Thomistic Psychology grapples with these difficulties. A solution to the problem must address a host of issues. Does the ultimate good after which we all strive have unity, or is it simply a collection of basic goods? What is venial sin? What momentous choice must a child make in his first moral act? In what way do passion, a habitually evil will, and ignorance cause human beings to sin? What is the first cause of moral evil? Do human beings have free will to determine themselves to particular actions? The discussion of these topics focuses upon the interplay of reason, will, and the emotions, examining the inner workings of our moral deliberations. Ultimately, the book reveals how the failure to maintain balance in our deliberations subverts our fidelity to the one true good.
Simultaneously real and unreal, the dead are people, yet they are not. The society of medieval Europe developed a rich set of imaginative traditions about death and the afterlife, using the dead as a ...point of entry for thinking about the self, regeneration, and loss. These macabre preoccupations are evident in the widespread popularity of stories about the returned dead, who interacted with the living both as disembodied spirits and as living corpses or revenants. InAfterlives, Nancy Mandeville Caciola explores this extraordinary phenomenon of the living's relationship with the dead in Europe during the five hundred years after the year 1000.
Caciola considers both Christian and pagan beliefs, showing how certain traditions survived and evolved over time, and how attitudes both diverged and overlapped through different contexts and social strata. As she shows, the intersection of Christian eschatology with various pagan afterlife imaginings-from the classical paganisms of the Mediterranean to the Germanic, Celtic, Slavic, and Scandinavian paganisms indigenous to northern Europe-brought new cultural values about the dead into the Christian fold as Christianity spread across Europe. Indeed, the Church proved surprisingly open to these influences, absorbing new images of death and afterlife in unpredictable fashion. Over time, however, the persistence of regional cultures and beliefs would be counterbalanced by the effects of an increasingly centralized Church hierarchy. Through it all, one thing remained constant: the deep desire in medieval people to bring together the living and the dead into a single community enduring across the generations.
How can the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit be distinct and yet identical? Prompted by the doctrine of the divine Trinity, this question sparked centuries of lively debate. In the current ...context of renewed interest in Trinitarian theology, Russell L. Friedman provides the first survey of the scholastic discussion of the Trinity in the 100-year period stretching from Thomas Aquinas' earliest works to William Ockham's death. Tracing two central issues - the attempt to explain how the three persons are distinct from each other but identical as God, and the application to the Trinity of a 'psychological model', on which the Son is a mental word or concept, and the Holy Spirit is love - this volume offers a broad overview of Trinitarian thought in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, along with focused studies of the Trinitarian ideas of many of the period's most important theologians.
This book looks at the intersection between medieval studies and digital humanities, confronting how medievalists negotiate the “virtual divide” between the cultural artefacts that they study and the ...digital means by which they address those artefacts. The essays come from medievalists who have created digital resources or applied digital tools and methodologies in their scholarship. Text encoding and analysis, data modeling and provenance, and 3D design are all discussed as they apply to western European medieval literature, history, art history, and architecture.
A fresh perspective on the fertile correlation between apocalypticism and late medieval church criticism and examines the apocalyptic framing which gave rise to the anticipation of an evil pope as ...final enemy. Der Papst als Antichrist nimmt die fruchtbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen apokalyptischer Weltdeutung und spätmittelalterlicher Kirchenkritik in den Blick und untersucht die einschlägigen Narrative, die die Erwartung eines bösen Papstes in der Rolle des finalen Widersachers nahelegten und plausibel machten.
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