With the widespread deployment of high-speed railways and the increasing speed of trains, timely and reliable wireless transmission of train control signals and passengers' mobile Internet access ...become critical. To meet these demands, mobile communication systems for railways is shifting from narrowband global system for mobile communications-railway (GSM-R) to broadband systems. In contrast to GSM-R, broadband LTE-R and 5G for railway system could provide more services such as real-time video surveillance, multimedia dispatching and railway Internet of Things. In this paper, we first briefly review the existing GSM-R system and discuss its limitations. Then, we discuss future development of user demands and various data services, which suggests the key performance indicators of the future mobile communication systems for railways. Afterwards, we survey the recent wireless technologies and network architectures that may be applied in mobile communication systems for railways in the near future. Finally, we summarize the technical challenges of future mobile communication systems for railways and conclude this paper.
Overview of 5G security technology Ji, Xinsheng; Huang, Kaizhi; Jin, Liang ...
Science China. Information sciences,
08/2018, Letnik:
61, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The 5th-generation mobile communication system (5G) has higher security requirements than previous systems. Accordingly, international standard organizations, operators, and equipment manufacturers ...are focusing extensively on 5G security technology. This paper analyzes the security requirements of 5G business applications, network architecture, the air interface, and user privacy. The development trends of 5G security architecture are summarized, with a focus on endogenous defense architecture, which represents a new trend in 5G security development. Several incremental 5G security technologies are reviewed, including physical layer security, lightweight encryption, network slice security, user privacy protection, and block chain technology applied to 5G.
The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication networks will require a major paradigm shift to satisfy the increasing demand for higher data rates, lower network latencies, better energy efficiency, ...and reliable ubiquitous connectivity. With prediction of the advent of 5G systems in the near future, many efforts and revolutionary ideas have been proposed and explored around the world. The major technological breakthroughs that will bring renaissance to wireless communication networks include (1) a wireless software-defined network, (2) network function virtualization, (3) millimeter wave spectrum, (4) massive MIMO, (5) network ultra-densification, (6) big data and mobile cloud computing, (7) scalable Internet of Things, (8) device-to-device connectivity with high mobility, (9) green communications, and (10) new radio access techniques. In this paper, the state-of-the-art and the potentials of these ten enabling technologies are extensively surveyed. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations for each technology are treated in depth, while the possible solutions are highlighted.
Mobile cloud computing and other new emerging communication paradigms such as mobile social networking and Internet-of-Things, have brought challenges in flexibility, efficiency, and scalability to ...the current LTE network. Inspired by thinking of the fundamental mechanisms in LTE as reasons causing those problems, SoftNet, a software defined decentralized mobile network architecture toward 5G, is proposed in this article following principles proposed for designing an efficient and scalable network. The analysis of the working mechanisms of SoftNet, including its dynamically defined architecture, decentralized mobility management, distributed data forwarding, and multi-RATs coordination, show that SoftNet has improved system capacity and performance. Further, simulations are conducted to demonstrate that signaling cost in SoftNet, as an important performance metric, can be decreased significantly compared with LTE networks.
The mobile industry is developing and preparing to deploy the fifth-generation (5G) networks. The evolving 5G networks are becoming more readily available as a significant driver of the growth of IoT ...and other intelligent automation applications. 5G’s lightning-fast connection and low-latency are needed for advances in intelligent automation—the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), driverless cars, digital reality, blockchain, and future breakthroughs we haven’t even thought of yet. The advent of 5G is more than just a generational step; it opens a new world of possibilities for every tech industry. The purpose of this paper is to do a literature review and explore how 5G can enable or streamline intelligent automation in different industries. This paper reviews the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology underscores the importance of 5G revolutionary networks, reviews its key enabling technologies, examines its trends and challenges, explores its applications in different manufacturing industries, and highlights its role in shaping the age of unlimited connectivity, intelligent automation, and industry digitization.
Electronic databases, from phone to e-mails logs, currently provide detailed records of human communication patterns, offering novel avenues to map and explore the structure of social and ...communication networks. Here we examine the communication patterns of millions of mobile phone users, allowing us to simultaneously study the local and the global structure of a society-wide communication network. We observe a coupling between interaction strengths and the network's local structure, with the counterintuitive consequence that social networks are robust to the removal of the strong ties but fall apart after a phase transition if the weak ties are removed. We show that this coupling significantly slows the diffusion process, resulting in dynamic trapping of information in communities and find that, when it comes to information diffusion, weak and strong ties are both simultaneously ineffective.
This study proposes and tests an integrative model to examine the relations among service quality, value, image, satisfaction, and loyalty in China. Analysis of survey data from 118 customers of a ...Chinese mobile communications company reveals that service quality directly influences both perceived value and image perceptions, that value and image influence satisfaction, that corporate image influences value, and that both customer satisfaction and value are significant determinants of loyalty. Thus, value has both a direct and indirect (through satisfaction) impact on customer loyalty. Other variables mediate the impact of both service quality and corporate image on customer loyalty.
In a sponsored content scheme, a wireless network operator negotiates with a sponsored content service provider where the latter can pay the former to lower the cost of the mobile subscribers/users ...to access certain content. As such, the scheme motivates the entities in the sponsored content ecosystem to be more actively involved. Meanwhile, with the forthcoming 5G cellular networks, edge caching becomes a promising technology for traffic offloading to reduce cost and improve service quality of the content service. The key idea is that an edge caching content service provider caches content on edge networks. The cached content is then delivered to mobile users locally, reducing latency substantially. In this paper, we propose the joint sponsored and edge caching content service market model. We investigate an interplay between the sponsored content service provider and the edge caching content service provider under the non-cooperative game framework. Furthermore, the interactions among the wireless network operator, content service providers, and mobile users are modeled as a hierarchical three-stage Stackelberg game. In the game model, we analyze the sub-game perfect equilibrium in each stage through backward induction analytically. Additionally, the existence of the proposed Stackelberg equilibrium is validated by capitalizing on the bilevel optimization programming. Based on the analysis of the game properties, we propose a sub-gradient-based iterative algorithm, which guarantees to converge to the Stackelberg equilibrium.
With increasing interest in the concept of 5G wireless networks and the popularization of mobile devices, users gradually watch videos through mobile devices in streaming mode rather than off-line ...mode. However, the latency and lags of mobile networks will reduce the quality of service. In HTTP live streaming services, when there are multiple sources for the same content stored in the streaming servers, the suited quality content is able to be selected for playing according to the networking bandwidth conditions between servers and user equipment, and the users can obtain appropriate streaming quality automatically. However, the selection policy is difficult to be approved between 5G wireless communication networks and SDNs. In this study a buffer-aware HTTP live streaming approach is proposed, which evaluates the weights of media segments to decide the transmitting priorities based on the current playing time and adjust the appropriate transmission path through the decision making network controller according to the utilization and stability of the routers and switches in SDN. Finally, the experimental results proved that the approach is able to correct the overall streaming source sequence with the buffer status to effectively upgrade overall streaming service quality, as well as maintain a certain level of streaming quality for SDN-enable 5G wireless networks.
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