PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ROMA WOMEN IN ROMA FAMILIES IN ISOLATED ROMA SETTLEMENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF MEĐIMURJE COUNTY ABSTRACT The subject of the research was the prevalence ...of various forms of violence against Roma women living in isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. The research was conducted by one-time research on the type of so-called draft »cross-section« at one point in time (spring 2020.) by survey method and on a random, proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. There was a very high prevalence of exposure to all forms of domestic violence against women among Romani women, with 69,1% of Romani women surveyed saying they had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, and/or economic) at least once in their lives. By analyzing the collected responses on exposure to certain forms from each of the four groups of violence, new variables were formed by isolating all those Roma women who at least once or more often over time, and at least once experienced at least one form from each violence group. 61.,7% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of psychological violence at least once in their lives, 50.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of physical violence at least once in their lives, 22.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of economic violence at least once in their lives and to some form of sexual violence have been exposed 17.,1% of Roma women have been exposed to some form of sexual violence. The results showed that Romani women are extremely vulnerable due to the presence of several risk factors that go far beyond belonging to an ethnic minority or any other minority group. Key words: Roma women; Međimurje; gender violence; violence against women.
Cilj je ovog rada produbiti razumijevanje etičkih dilema i izazova u radu stručnjaka pomagačkih profesija u području nasilja nad starijim osobama. Nasilje prema ljudima u starijoj dobi je ...višedimenzionalan i složen medicinski, pravni i društveni problem. Najčešći su sukobi u pravu starijih osoba na autonomiju/samoodređenje i dužnosti stručnjaka da ih zaštiti. Nepostojanje jasnih i ujednačenih definicija, zakonskih propisa i smjernica za djelovanje otežava stručnjacima rad, izbor strategija i intervencija u nekoj situaciji. Osim navedenih etičkih izazova, pojavljuje se i izazov dužnosti prijavljivanja nasilja, pri čemu stručnjaci nemaju jasne upute ni zaštitu, zatim manjak edukacije za specifično područje nasilja nad starijim osobama te neostvarivosti djelovanja multidisciplinarnog pristupa. Nadalje, stručnjacima je izazov u radu i niska razina društvene osviještenosti za ovu problematiku te percepcija starijih osoba koje ne žele pomoć, odnosno nisu sklone prijavljivanju. Polazeći od teorijskog znanja, profesionalnog iskustva, vrijednosnih načela propisanih u profesionalnim etičkim kodeksima, poznavanja okvira za donošenje etičkih odluka te napose poznavanja individualnih obilježja i situacije u kojima se nasilje dogodilo ili se događa, stručnjacima bi u najvećem broju slučajeva trebalo biti moguće donijeti ispravnu, etički utemeljenu odluku.
The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the problem of violence against the elderly for experts in helping professions, given the frequent conflict of basic ethical principles. It is a multidimensional and complex medical, legal and social problem. The most common conflicting principles occur in the field of the right of the elderly to self-determination and the duties of experts in their protection. The lack of clear and uniform definitions, legal provisions and guidelines for action makes it difficult for experts to work, choose strategies and interventions in a particular situation. In addition to these ethical challenges, there is the challenge of reporting, with experts lacking clear guidance and protection, lack of education in the specific field of violence against the elderly, and the impracticability of the multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, the challenge in the work of experts is represented by the low level of public awareness about this issue and the perception of the elderly as people who do not want help or are not inclined to report. Starting from theoretical knowledge, professional experience, value principles prescribed in professional codes of ethics, knowledge of the framework for ethical decision-making and especially knowledge of individual characteristics and situations in which violence occurred or occurs, experts should be able to make, in the majority of cases, the right, ethically based decision.
Roditeljska je uloga jedna od najzahtjevnijih životnih uloga koja istovremeno može biti vrlo ispunjavajuća, ali i vrlo zahtjevna i stresna. U posljednje se vrijeme bilježi velik interes za ...proučavanje sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu koje karakterizira silna iscrpljenost povezana s roditeljskom ulogom, emocionalno udaljavanje od djece i osjećaj neučinkovitosti u roditeljskoj ulozi te sumnja u sposobnost da se bude dobar roditelj. U ovome su radu prikazane validacija i metrijske karakteristike hrvatskoga prijevoda Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu (engl. Parental Burnout Assessment, PBA) autorice I. Roskam i suradnica (2018) koji sadrži četiri supskale (iscrpljenost u roditeljskoj ulozi, suprotnost s prethodnim doživljajem sebe kao roditelja, zasićenost roditeljskom ulogom te emocionalno udaljavanje od djece). Hrvatska verzija Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu pokazala je zadovoljavajuće metrijske karakteristike utvrđene na uzorku od 1025 roditelja (90 % majki) prosječne dobi 40 godina. Rezultati konfirmatorne faktorske analize potvrdili su pretpostavljenu teorijsku četverofaktorsku strukturu upitnika, a ujedno se faktori grupiraju u jedan faktor višega reda sagorijevanja u roditeljskoj ulozi. U prilog valjanosti upitnika govore i značajne očekivane korelacije između roditeljskih samoprocjena sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu i sklonosti perfekcionizmu u roditeljstvu te zanemarivanju djece i nasilju prema njima. Unutarnja konzistencija za ukupnu mjeru sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu iznosi visokih .98, a za supskale od .87 do .96.
Rad ravnatelja škola uključuje raznovrsne poslove, a kao iznimno osjetljivo i zahtjevno područje može se izdvojiti suradnja s roditeljima učenika. U novije vrijeme na svom radnom mjestu ravnatelji su ...nerijetko izloženi različitim nedopustivim ponašanjima i nasilju roditelja, no o tome se malo zna i govori. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati ulogu izloženosti nasilju roditelja učenika u predviđanju zadovoljstva poslom ravnatelja osnovnih škola Republike Hrvatske. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 483 (M = 27,7 %; Ž = 72,3 %) ravnatelja iz svih regija Republike Hrvatske, time je obuhvaćeno 52,6 % pripadnika ciljane populacije. Za prikupljanje podataka korišteni su Upitnik sociodemografskih karakteristika, Skala izloženosti nasilju roditelja te Upitnik zadovoljstva poslom. Rezultati pokazuju da je riječ o raširenoj pojavi, a 80,75 % ravnatelja je tijekom svog ravnateljskog staža doživjelo barem jedan oblik nasilja od strane roditelja. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđeno je da ravnatelji koji češće doživljavaju nasilje roditelja imaju nižu razinu zadovoljstva poslom, a regresijska analiza pokazala je da je doživljeno nasilje statistički značajan prediktor zadovoljstva poslom. Jasna osuda svih oblika nasilja roditelja nad ravnateljima te primjena i poboljšavanje postojećih propisa zaključno se izdvajaju kao nužni uvjeti za smanjivanje te negativne pojave i omogućavanje kvalitetnog rada ravnatelja, a time i škola u cjelini.
The work of school principals includes a variety of tasks, and cooperation with parents of students can be singled out as an extremely sensitive and demanding area. In recent times, principals are often exposed to various impermissible behaviours and violence from parents at their workplace, but little is known and talked about. The aim of this research is to examine the role of exposure to violence by students’ parents in predicting job satisfaction of primary school principals in the Republic of Croatia. The survey included 483 (27.7 % male, 72.3 % female) school principals from all regions of the Republic of Croatia. The Socio-Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Exposure to Parental Violence Scale and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. The results show that it is a widespread phenomenon, and 80.75 % of principals experienced at least one form of parental violence during their principalship. Correlation analysis found that principals who are more likely to experience parental violence report lower job satisfaction, and regression analysis showed that experienced violence was a statistically significant predictor of job satisfaction. A clear condemnation of all forms of parental violence against principals and the application and improvement of existing regulations are concluded as necessary conditions for reducing these negative phenomena and enabling quality work of principals, and thus the whole school.
Bullying is usually defined as a long-term and frequent manifestation of aggressive behavior of one child towards another with the intention of harming another child. Taking into account that ...information and communication technologies became a new context in which adolescents initiate and maintain interpersonal relationships with their peers, in addition to peer violence at school, this paper also addresses the problem of cyberbullying. As a type of strategy for prevention and reduction of bullying in schools, programs based on the development of social and emotional competencies (SEC) among students are very popular. The aim of this paper was to offer a systematic synthesis of literature in order to gain a better insight into the relationship between socio-emotional competencies and bullying. Guided by pre-defined inclusive criteria, this review includes 13 quantitative studies published in the last 15 years. All studies had a sample of primary and secondary school students and examined the relationship between social and emotional competencies and (cyber)bullying. All studies demonstrated a negative correlation between peer violence and higher socio-emotional competencies in students. Both gender and age differences were identified in SEC and bullying. The paper presents the results of the research, but also addresses the methodological and statistical characteristics and limitations of these studies. In this way, we analyzed the empirical basis of using programs for the development of socio-emotional competencies with the aim of preventing violence in schools. In discussion we addressed the practical implications of the results for practice, study limitations, as well as guidelines for further research.
Hrvatska je europska zemlja s jednom od najviših stopa obiteljskog nasilja a bez nacionalne strategije zlostavljanja
starijih osoba. Cilj ovog istraživanja je odrediti razlike između žrtava ...obiteljskog nasilja starijih od 60 godina i žrtava
mlađih od 60 godina. Od ukupno 3164 odrasle osobe koje su zatražile pomoć u Savjetovalištu za žrtve nasilja u
obitelji u Zagrebu, 200 su bile starije od 60 godina. Istraživanje je uključilo izravne strukturirane intervjue s ciljem
prikupljanja sociodemografskih podataka, podataka o vrsti nasilja, počiniteljima nasilja, prijavama nasilja nadležnim
institucijama te vrsti intervencija. Primijenjen je Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije i z-test s Bonferronijevom korekcijom
za utvrđivanje razlika između žrtava obiteljskog nasilja starijih od 60 godina i žrtava mlađih od 60 godina s obzirom
na sociodemografska obilježja, vrstu nasilja i intervencije. Snaga povezanosti kategorijskih varijabli određena je
Cramerovim V. Binarna logistička regresija utvrdila je neovisne doprinose sociodemografskih obilježja, obilježja
obiteljskog nasilja i s njime povezanih intervencija za predviđanje vrste nasilja kojemu su bile izložene žrtve
obiteljskog nasilja starije od 60 godina. Starije su žrtve češće imale niži stupanj obrazovanja, bile su udovci/udovice,
umirovljenici, a počinitelji nasilja bila su njihova djeca, braća i sestre i drugi članovi obitelji, tijekom dužeg razdoblja, a
najčešće vrste zlostavljanja bili su ekonomsko zlostavljanje ili kombinacija fizičkog i ekonomskog nasilja u usporedbi
s mlađim žrtvama obiteljskog nasilja. Starije žrtve rjeđe prijavljuju obiteljsko nasilje nadležnim institucijama zbog
njihove ekonomske ovisnosti ili ovisnosti povezane s čimbenicima zdravlja o članovima obitelji koji su često i
počinitelji. Posljedično, prevencija i intervencija stručnih i nadležnih institucija su ograničene.
Relationship commitment is one of the key constructsin studies on relationship quality and stability. In this study, the Investment Model (Rusbult, 1980) was used as a theoretical basis, where ...commitment is emphasized as the central construct for relationship maintenance and endurance. The aim of the study was to examine the role of psychological violence in predicting commitment and perceived relationship stability within the aforementioned model. The participants were students of the University of Zagreb (N = 154), with female students (77.9%) being more represented in the sample. The obtained results confirmed the assumptions of the basic model and all regression analyses resulted in a high percentage of explained variance of the examined criteria. The frequency of experiencing psychological violence was a significant negative predictor of commitment and perceived relationship stability, and this relationship was only partially mediated by other examined constructs. Contrary to expectations, more frequent experiencing of psychological violence also had a direct contribution in predicting less perceived relationship stability. The paper discusses the meaning of individual mediation effects and their contribution to explaining the relationships between the investigated constructs. The implications for future studies and for potential practical application of the results are also indicated. Key words: psychological violence; commitment; stability; partner relationships; Investment model
Autor analizira ratifikaciju Istanbulske konvencije u Hrvatskoj 2018. Nakon uvodnog prikaza temeljnih teorijskih i metodologijskih postavki, prvi dio članka analizira tekst Konvencije. Drugi dio ...članka analizira njezinu političku recepciju u hrvatskoj javnosti uoči, tijekom i nakon ratifikacije. Pritom se diskursi koji su se sučeljavali i surađivali uspostavljaju induktivno, na osnovi uočavanja ponavljajućih sličnosti i razlika u istupima različitih aktera u javnim medijima. Nakon analize diskurzivnih okvira rasprave, prikazuju se institucionalni i izvaninstitucionalni aspekti procesa ratifikacije koji se odigrao unutar tih okvira. Naglasak se stavlja na sklapanje diskurzivne koalicije zastupnika dominantnog diskursa o nasilju nad ženama i diskursa o obiteljskoj tradiciji koji je, uz interpretativnu izjavu, omogućio ratifikaciju Konvencije.
The author analyzes the case of ratification of the Istanbul convention in Croatia in 2018. After introductory explanations of the basic theoretical and methodological conditions of the analysis, the first part of the article analyzes the text of the convention. The second part of the article analyzes its political reception in Croatian public at the time before, during and after its ratification. In doing so, it inductively establishes the discourses that both clashed and collaborated, on the basis of repetitive similarities and differences in the utterances that different actors made in the public media. After the discursive framework of the debate is analyzed, the institutional and non-institutional aspects of the ratification process that took place within these framework are presented. Emphasis is placed on the formation of a discursive coalition between advocates of the dominant discourse on violence against women and the discourse on family tradition that, with the interpretive statement, enabled the ratification of the convention.
This paper presents the results of the first survey of peer violence conducted in Croatia on a nationally representative sample. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of peer violence and ...characteristics of children who are involved in such violence in various ways. Special attention was given to the experience of domestic violence and its relationship to their involvement in bullying. The study included 3.470 children aged 11, 13 and 16 (fifth and seventh grade of primary and second grade of secondary school). The results showed that 64.1% of children are not involved in peer violence, 14.8% of them are victims, 6.3% perpetrators, and 14.8% are both victims and perpetrators. Peer violence increases with age when it comes to the number of pupils involved as perpetrators and victims-perpetrators, while the proportion of victims decreases after the seventh grade. Girls are more often victims and victims-perpetrators and are more involved in relational violence, while boys are more often involved in physical and verbal violence. There is a greater proportion of those who have below-average financial status in all groups of children who experience violence, while the perpetrators are more often children from families with an above-average financial status. The percentage of children who have experienced violence in the family is the smallest among children not involved in bullying and largest among victims-perpetrators. These results are discussed in the context of the findings of earlier research studies and potential risk factors for the involvement of children in peer violence.
Nakon kratke prezentacije fenomena pornografije, osobito njegove uobičajene, ali zloslutne prisutnosti u sredstvima društvenoga priopćavanja, članak se usredotočuje na analizu odnosa između ...pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja. U članku se na temelju teorija o obiteljskom nasilju i osobito teorija o seksualnom nasilju propituje povezanost pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja, analiziraju se suprotna stajališta o njihovu međuodnosu te eventualni interesi koji stoje u pozadini različitih stajališta. Slijedi potom pomna analiza dokumenta Papinskoga vijeća za komunikacije naslovljenoga »Pornografija i nasilje u sredstvima komunikacije« te antropološka i etička analiza odnosa pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja. Prijetvornost i prijevarnost dvojbe sastoji se u činjenici, zaključak je članka, da pornografija i seksualno nasilje nisu samo u uzročno-posljedičnoj svezi, nego da su to dva vrlo slična fenomena, gotovo isti po svojoj naravi i sadržaju, da su posljedica istoga mentaliteta i kulture, s istim devastirajućim učincima na ljudsku osobu i njezinu spolnost.
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