In Libraries in Russia, the author, Valerii Leonov, pursues the history of the first Russian national library, the Library of the Russian Academy of Science (Bibliotheca Akademii Nauk, short: BAN), ...from the beginning of the 18th century to the present. The library was founded by Peter the Great in 1714 and served as a model for the foundation of further libraries during the 18th century. This historical description is based on extensive historical and bibliographic material, including unique archive material, which is edited here for the first time. The title will be of interest to all in the humanities and everyone interested in Russian history and culture.
Since the number of academic specializations and disciplines has consistently been increasing, it has become necessary to supplement present classifications and categorizations, as well as come up ...with new ones, on a regular basis. Therefore, it has become feasible to distinguish a new branch of science as well as to assign the existing disciplines to different branches. It is owing to such a process that political sciences have been reassigned in Poland. Before September 30, 2011, political sciences had been categorized as the humanities, but later on they were encompassed by a new branch of social sciences, created as a result of the division of the humanities. I adopt the thesis that this decision was substantially justified since, given current legal status quo, political sciences as a discipline have more in common with other disciplines assigned to social sciences than the humanities. Additionally, by way of developing a new register of disciplines, the administrative divisions in Polish science were to a large extent aligned with the classification of branches and disciplines adopted by the OECD, UNESCO and Eurostat, which will facilitate the internationalization of academic collaboration. The above organizations and institutions, and – consequently – some of their member states, have already divided the humanities, sometimes also named social sciences, into two separate branches: social sciences and humanities. In order to justify the above‑mentioned thesis it was necessary to determine how academic specialization, discipline, branch and field of science are perceived today; to indicate the determinants of divisions in science and basic criteria for such divisions; to attempt to define the specific nature of the humanities versus social sciences; and to present the factors confirming the relation of political science to the latter category.
Kanon siedmiu nauk wyzwolonych należy do szczytowych osiągnięć antycznej kultury. Starożytni myśliciele postrzegali je jako nauki godne człowieka wolnego, uprawiane w wolnym czasie, bez zaangażowania ...wysiłku fizycznego oraz nie w celu otrzymania korzyści materialnej. Dla autorów chrześcijańskich to nauki prowadzące do poznania prawdy, która wyzwala; Kasjodor podkreśla, że są one przekazywane w książkach oraz stwierdza, że mają fundamentalne znaczenie dla rozwoju człowieka. Izydor z Sewilli również wprowadza swego czytelnika w świat wiedzy o Stwórcy i stworzeniu przez bramy siedmiu nauk wyzwolonych, którym poświęca pierwsze trzy księgi Etymologii. Centralne miejsce w jego wykładzie zajmuje gramatyka (ks. 1); studium nauk literackich (ks. 1-2) jest bardziej szczegółowe niż prezentacja dyscyplin matematycznych (ks. 3). Wykład materiału, zaczerpniętego z pism poprzedników, jest przemyślany, usystematyzowany, poniekąd oryginalny (ks. 1); choć w niektórych partiach (zwłaszcza tych poświęconych gramatyce) niekiedy chaotyczny i niespójny. Podsumowanie roli poszczególnych nauk wyzwolonych dokonane zostaje w końcowym rozdziale ks. 4, traktującej o medycynie.
Članak sažima papinski nauk o svetom Josipu od Pija IX. do Pija XII. Tako obuhvaća razdoblje između I. i II. vatikanskoga koncila. Zaštitnik univerzalne Crkve proglašen je 8. prosinca 1870. ...nadahnućem sustavnoga promišljanja o osobi i životu svetoga Josipa, zaručnika Blažene Djevice Marije. Vrijeme između vatikanskih koncila naziva se zlatnim dobom josi-pologije. Važna osnova štovanja svetoga Josipa, na koju je tada stavljan naglasak, bila je činjenica da je Božjom voljom bio zaručnik Blažene Djevice Marije i hranitelj Isusa Krista.
PDF
