How do democratization processes affect voter turnout in new democracies? Existing work points to an expected boost in electoral turnout after democratization as newly democratic citizens are ...euphoric to exert newly democratic freedoms or because they developed new political attitudes and behaviours by mobilizing for democracy. While intuitive and normatively appealing, these explanations have not been theoretically nor empirically scrutinized within the literature. This paper develops and tests novel theoretical expectations on the processes and legacies of democratization that impact voter turnout in new democracies. Using electoral turnout data from 1086 national elections between 1946 and 2015, and turnout survey data of over 1 million respondents between 1982 and 2015, we find that the boost in voter turnout (1) exists only for the first election after transition, (2) its effect depends on the life cycle during which individuals experienced the transition and (3) it is less dependent on transition type.
The Media Has a Palestine Problem Lapham, Steven Sellers
The Washington report on Middle East affairs,
01/2024, Letnik:
43, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Magazine Article
On Nov 19 Voices From the Holy Land hosted an online film salon. "Media Has a Palestine Problem" was the topic, the audience having previously viewed news clips from Al Jazeera and the documentary ..."Occupation of the American Mind: Israel's Public Relations War in the United States." "The most effective propaganda creates a narrative or a bias in your mind, and especially one that you're not even conscious of," said Alex McDonald, author of When They Speak Israel: A Guide to Clarity in Conversations About Israel. "The most powerful narrative is one that we create ourselves."
The Return of Nonviolence Devji, Faisal
Critical times (Berkeley, Calif.),
04/2021, Letnik:
4, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
There appears to be a revival of scholarly as well as activist interest in violence and nonviolence as concepts rather than descriptions of acts or situations. This has led to the emergence of new ...writing on Gandhi as a thinker of violence and the historical figurehead of nonviolence, as well as to more expansive books on the subject, ranging from Slavoj Žižek's Violence to Judith Butler's The Force of Nonviolence. Étienne Balibar's text is the latest of several he has dedicated to the question of violence and the possibilities of nonviolence in political thought and practice. If in past decades intellectual life was dominated by keywords like hegemony and transgression, power and resistance, or sovereignty and subalternity, might violence and nonviolence become their successors? The...
Psychopathy has long been noted to play an important role in the prediction of criminal behavior and offending. Although many studies have demonstrated that psychopathic traits are predictive of ...violent recidivism among offenders, relatively few studies have examined the predictive validity of psychopathic traits for nonviolent recidivism and very few have examined this issue in a sample of offenders in the United States. To address this issue, we examined the predictive validity of psychopathy for both nonviolent and general recidivism using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a sample of 422 county jail inmates. We also examined whether ratings on Factors 1 and 2 differentially predicted nonviolent and general recidivism and whether predictive validity varied among European American, African American, and Latino American male offenders. Psychopathic traits were modestly predictive of nonviolent and general (total) recidivism. Factor 2 ratings were not more predictive of nonviolent recidivism than Factor 1 ratings in this sample, but the two factor scores also predicted nonviolent recidivism interactively. Psychopathic traits were also predictive of both outcomes in subsamples of European American and African American offenders, but not among Latino American offenders. Findings are consistent in magnitude and pattern with prior studies addressing the prediction of violence, and they show that the relationship between psychopathy and criminal conduct generalizes to the prediction of nonviolent crime in a United States offender sample. Results suggest potential differences between the predictive validity of psychopathy among Latino American offenders and other racial/ethnic groups, which suggest the need for additional research.
Public Significance Statement
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a constellation of callous, manipulative, and impulsive traits. Whereas prior studies have demonstrated links between psychopathy and violent criminal behavior, this study provided evidence that psychopathy is also specifically predictive of nonviolent and general reoffending. Moreover, psychopathy also predicted nonviolent crime and general crime in smaller samples of European American and African American inmates, but not among Latino American inmates.
We all know the name. Martin Luther King Jr., the great American civil rights leader. But most people today know relatively little about King, the campaigner against militarism, materialism, and ...racism-what he called the "giant triplets." Jennifer J. Yanco takes steps to redress this imbalance. "My objective is to highlight the important aspects of Dr. King's work which have all but disappeared from popular memory, so that more of us can really 'see' King." After briefly telling the familiar story of King's civil rights campaigns and accomplishments, she considers the lesser-known concerns that are an essential part of his legacy. Yanco reminds us that King was a strong critic of militarism who argued that the United States should take the lead in promoting peaceful solutions rather than imposing its will through military might; that growing materialism and an ethos of greed was damaging the moral and spiritual health of the country; and that in a nation where racism continues unabated, white Americans need to educate themselves about racism and its history and take their part in the weighty task of dismantling it.
This research examines the relationship between social control and social learning variables on involvement in violent vs. non-violent extremism. Using data from the Profiles of Individual ...Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) database (n = 1,757), this study presents a series of logistic regressions. Among radicalized individuals, weaker social control and stronger social learning of violence were associated violent over non-violent behavior. These results hold across all models. Taken together, these findings support the role of control and learning theories in identifying correlates of violent and non-violent extremism and suggest the possibility of reciprocal and interaction effects for future work.
The preponderance of women among persons who request and receive euthanasia and assisted suicide based on a psychiatric condition, as shown by data from The Netherlands and Belgium, is virtually ...unexplored. We provide a critical discussion of this gender gap, and propose that it can inform a key debate point in the controversy over the practice, namely its conflict with suicide prevention.
This article maps two distinct bodies of thought before moving to a synthesis discussion, which proceeds in dialogue with the contributions of Pope Francis to fostering substantive peace. The first ...section presents select challenges and promises of employing inter-religious dialogue as a tool for peacebuilding. The article then positions papal contributions coupling inter-religious dialogue and peacebuilding. A synthesis section analyzes how Francis is buttressing this connection in particular ways with reference to his notion of building up cultures of dialogue and encounter. The results of this approach will be of interest to nonviolent activists, conflict transformation practitioners, religious studies scholars, and others concerned with dialogue's potential as a path to peace.
The present study explores the impact of nonviolent communication (NVC) intervention on advantaged group members’ actual participation in collective action on behalf of disadvantaged outgroups, also ...known as solidarity‐based collective action (SBCA). It also examines the mediating role of hope and empathy in this process. Using an experimental longitudinal field study in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Jewish Israelis (N = 220) were randomly assigned either to an NVC or to a control condition. Results indicated that, relative to the control, participants in the NVC condition showed an increased tendency to engage in activities that are considered part of SBCA 6 weeks after the intervention. Furthermore, the NVC intervention affected both hope and empathy by maintaining higher levels of hope 6 weeks after intervention and by increasing empathy immediately after intervention. Yet hope, but not empathy, mediated the effect of the NVC intervention on participation in SBCA. Theoretical and applicable implications are discussed.
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