The article analyses social welfare programmes set up by the Italian state to manage and provide assistance to refugees coming first from Dalmatia, then from Istria and finally by the territories ...near Trieste, between the immediate post-war period and the late 1950s. It connects the literature on these refugee flows and the historiography of the Italian welfare state by providing new insights into how the recognition of minority rights deeply affected the organization of the social welfare system throughout the 1940s and the 1950s. The article focuses on the shifting meaning of the term 'rehabilitation', an outcome of post-war transnational circulations of ideas about the renewal of welfare. It identifies three chronological sections: the aftermath of the war, when social assistance to refugees was organized in Italy in the context of a project to renew the state and its relations with the individual and society; the period after the signing of the Luxembourg Peace Treaty, when in response to the emergency but also out of purely political considerations public authorities significantly changed the guidelines of the entire social welfare system's development; and finally, the policies set up in the 1950s, which aimed not only at providing stable accommodation for refugees but also at other geopolitical, socio-cultural, social engineering and electoral objectives. Thus, this contribution not only explains how the construction of the welfare state in Italy has been shaped by the problem of refugees, but also shows another side of the same issue: the role of welfare provision in constructing social groups, which in this case took on a strong ethnic and political character.
In spite of very favourable coastal features, late Pleistocene-Holocene relative sea-level changes along the eastern Adriatic coast are still not completely resolved mostly due to the intensive and ...complicated regional and local neotectonics. We gathered current knowledge that generally presents the north Adriatic area as subsiding one, and proposed a reconstruction in new light of possible very slow (local) uplift (average rate of 0.1–0.25mm/a for last 80ka) which is supported by well-dated submerged speleothems and tectonic reconstruction. In addition, such a scenario supports also the formation of tidal notches that are common in the north Adriatic region, but not yet entirely understood. However, according to the latest Mediterranean data on sea level during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.1 being at +1m 80ka ago, we do not dismiss the possibility of subsidence which would have been 0.18–0.23mm/a on average for the last 80ka, but notch formation under such condition would not have been realistic. Apparently, the position of the north-eastern Adriatic coast on a convergence area requires extensive palaeoenvironmental studies, including structural, lithostratigraphical, palaeontological, archaeological and radiometric data and application of isostatic modelling.
•Eastern Adriatic coast hosts excellent sea-level indicators but also very complex tectonics.•We revised former evidence of relative sea level change in light of possible regional/local uplift.•The regional tectonic setting generally supports periods of local uplift.•Tidal notch formation also required occasional uplift episodes.
Roman building materials, especially brick and tiles (tegulae and imbex) marked a new era in the architecture of Roman Dalmatia. While imported materials seem to still form the bulk of the evidence, ...recently identified and definitely located local productions provide the possibility to place these products within a technological and economical framework. The in-depth analysis of the array of ceramic building materials (CBM) of the workshop of Sextus Me(u)tillius Maximus in Crikvenica (north-eastern Adriatic) evidences their forming methods and production technology, while some distribution aspects and their role within the rural economy indicate their relevance within the regional CBM market. This paper will highlight such aspects and place them within a wider debate on the onset of production, the organisation of rural property, and the transmission of technology and knowledge through the adoption of “Roman style” architectural solutions.
Rimska građevinska keramika, posebno ona za krovne pokrove (tegulae i imbex), ali i druge konstrukcije (opeke), obilježila je novu eru u arhitekturi rimske Dalmacije. Iako je i dalje u znatnoj količini prisutan uvozni materijal, nedavno locirane i utvrđene lokalne radionice omogućavaju smještanje njihovih proizvoda u tehnološke i gospodarske okvire. Detaljnom analizom asortimana građevinske keramike (nadalje GK) radionice Sexta Me(u)tillia Maxima utvrđene u Crikvenici (sjeveroistočni Jadran), moguće je razlučiti metode oblikovanja i proizvodnu tehnologiju, dok njihova distribucija i uloga unutar ruralnoga gospodarstva govore o važnosti ovih proizvoda za regionalno tržište GK. U ovome ćemo se radu posebno osvrnuti na potonje aspekte smještajući ih unutar šire rasprave o pokretanju proizvodnje, organizaciji ruralnih posjeda i prijenosu znanja i tehnologija kroz prihvaćanje „rimskih” arhitektonskih rješenja.
The molluscan assemblages in a sediment core from the north-eastern Adriatic show significant compositional changes over the past 10,000yrs related to (1) natural deepening driven by the post-glacial ...sea-level rise, (2) increasing abundance of skeletal sand and gravel, and (3) anthropogenic impacts. The transgressive phase (10,000–6000 BP) is characterized by strongly time-averaged communities dominated by infaunal bivalves. During the early highstand (6000–4000 BP), the abundance of epifaunal filter feeders and grazers increases, and gastropods become more important. Epifaunal dominance culminates during the late highstand (4000–2000 BP) with the development of extensive shell beds formed by large-sized Arca noae and Ostrea sp. bivalves. This community persists until the early 20th century, when it falls victim to multiple anthropogenic impacts, mainly bottom trawling, and is substituted by an infauna-dominated community indicative of instability, disturbance and organic enrichment. The re-establishment of this unique shell-bed ecosystem can be a goal for restoration efforts.
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•North-eastern Adriatic mollusc communities changed significantly over the past 10,000yrs.•Main drivers of change are the rising sea level, grain size shifts and, more recently, human impact.•Early infauna-dominated communities recede in favour of epifaunal assemblages by ~ 3000yrs BP.•Epifaunal dominance culminates in the establishment of extensive Arca and Ostrea shell beds.•Multiple anthropogenic impacts in the 20th century reset the community to infaunal dominance.
The increasing demand for freshwater requires the identification of additional and less-conventional water resources. Amongst these, offshore freshwater systems have been investigated in different ...parts of the world to provide new opportunities to face increasing water requests. Here we focus on the north-eastern Adriatic Sea, where offshore aquifers could be present as a continuation of onshore ones. Geophysical data, in particular offshore seismic data, and onshore and offshore well data, are interpreted and integrated to characterise the hydrogeological setting via the interpretation of seismo-stratigraphic sequences. We focus our attention on two areas located in the proximity of the Tagliamento and Isonzo deltas. Well and seismic data indicate that the Quaternary sediments, that extend from onshore to offshore areas, are the most promising from an offshore freshwater resources point of view, while the several kilometres thick pre-Quaternary carbonate and terrigenous sequences likely host mainly salty waters.
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus M.) local population off west Istria in the North-eastern Adriatic has received no prior study of abundance and distribution despite the habitat's relevance ...for the preservation of this key species in the marine ecosystem. The research area comprises part of the NATURA 2000 network which was predominantly established here for these dolphins. Official data regarding the local population's status in the region are currently marked as deficient. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide the first population data for the area. Boat-based survey work was carried out from April to September 2012–2015 using a mark–recapture photo-identification method. Prior to this period a random data collection was used to study distribution, since 2001, to cover the area of 927 km2 lying between Umag to lighthouse Albanež in the south. 143 bottlenose dolphins were photo-identified to date with the average group size of 9.27 ± 6.53 animals. Several abundance models were used, from which the Markovian robust model proved the best fit and predicted between 47–142 dolphins along the west Istria coast. A few individuals were also identified in Slovenia, indicating a bigger home range along the 98 km length of the studied area. There is an indication of a regular year round presence of dolphins. The west Istria coast constitutes an important feeding and breeding ground. The region should develop a sustainable plan to manage those human activities negatively impacting the dolphins. Therefore the present study is of relevance for the implementation of management directives for their conservation.
Rimska građevinska keramika, posebno ona za krovne pokrove (tegulae i imbex), ali i druge konstrukcije (opeke), obilježila je novu eru u arhitekturi rimske Dalmacije. Iako je i dalje u znatnoj ...količini prisutan uvozni materijal, nedavno locirane i utvrđene lokalne radionice omogućavaju smještanje njihovih proizvoda u tehnološke i gospodarske okvire. Detaljnom analizom asortimana građevinske keramike (nadalje GK) radionice Sexta Me(u)tillia Maxima utvrđene u Crikvenici (sjeveroistočni Jadran), moguće je razlučiti metode oblikovanja i proizvodnu tehnologiju, dok njihova distribucija i uloga unutar ruralnoga gospodarstva govore o važnosti ovih proizvoda za regionalno tržište GK. U ovome ćemo se radu posebno osvrnuti na potonje aspekte smještajući ih unutar šire rasprave o pokretanju proizvodnje, organizaciji ruralnih posjeda i prijenosu znanja i tehnologija kroz prihvaćanje „rimskih” arhitektonskih rješenja.
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