Display omitted
•New online system to evaluate tractography pipelines.•New connectivity-based quantitative measures (valid and invalid bundles/connections and average bundle coverage).•More than ...57,000 different combinations of tractography pipelines compared from the FiberCup dataset.•Take-home messages for tractography users and insights on remaining open questions for the community.
We have developed the Tractometer: an online evaluation and validation system for tractography processing pipelines. One can now evaluate the results of more than 57,000 fiber tracking outputs using different acquisition settings (b-value, averaging), different local estimation techniques (tensor, q-ball, spherical deconvolution) and different tracking parameters (masking, seeding, maximum curvature, step size). At this stage, the system is solely based on a revised FiberCup analysis, but we hope that the community will get involved and provide us with new phantoms, new algorithms, third party libraries and new geometrical metrics, to name a few. We believe that the new connectivity analysis and tractography characteristics proposed can highlight limits of the algorithms and contribute in solving open questions in fiber tracking: from raw data to connectivity analysis. Overall, we show that (i) averaging improves quality of tractography, (ii) sharp angular ODF profiles helps tractography, (iii) seeding and multi-seeding has a large impact on tractography outputs and must be used with care, and (iv) deterministic tractography produces less invalid tracts which leads to better connectivity results than probabilistic tractography.
Introduction: Open defecation behavior can be a means of spreading disease. A person’s defecation behavior can be influenced by supporting factors provided by health workers, the socio-cultural ...environment and access to healthy latrine facilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of families, community leaders, health workers and the socio-cultural environment on defecating behavior in ODF and non-ODF villages. Methods: This study used quantitative and qualitative observational analytic. The study design was cross sectional design. All people who live on the banks of railway in non ODF and ODF villages were the population in this study. A total of 68 peoples were sampled who determined by themethod proportional random sampling. The independent variables were family support, sanitarian support, community leaders support, the health department team support, socio-culture and population density. The dependent variable was defecation activity. Data were collected by field observation and questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney Test. Results and Discussion: There was no difference in family support (p = 0.661), community leaders support (p = 0.122), the health department team support (p = 0.555). However, there were differences in sanitarian officers support (p = 0.000), the socio-cultural environment (p = 0.000) and the population density in non ODF villages is higher than in ODF villages. Conclusion: There were differences in sanitarian officers support, the socio-cultural environment and population density between non ODF and ODF villages.
Orodispersible films (ODFs) have recently emerged as innovative dosage form which provides distinct advantages in the patient centric pharmaceutical drug product design due to inherent dosing ...flexibility and improved patient acceptability. Although their potential advantages in pharmacotherapy are well recognized, there is still a lot of research work to be done in order to explore and understand complex relationships among different formulation factors, film mechanical properties, and their bioperformance. Lack of standardized characterization methods and relevant specifications pose additional limitation for their wider application. In the present study, in-depth review of the available body of data published on ODF development and characterization was performed. In total, 112 papers published between November 2008 and April 2022 were taken into consideration for dataset building. Data collected have been critically evaluated and compiled into the representative dataset formed around three domains, namely: (A) Manufacturing method and composition; (B) ODF characteristics; and (C) ODF sensory attributes. Based on the investigated dataset, an attempt was made to identify the acceptable range of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) values and propose ODF specific Quality Targeted Product Profile (QTPP) as a foundation which should guide and facilitate pharmaceutical development.
Display omitted
Introduction: The Tuban Regency Health Profile in 2019 stated that the villages with ODF status had reached 64 villages (19.5%) out of 328 total villages, while the villages reported having ...implemented Community-Based Total Sanitation (CBTS) have reached 100%. The low ODF status achieved indicates that most people still defecate openly, which will increase health risks due to environmental pollution. This study aimed to determine the distribution map of diarrhea in toddlers in each district of Tuban Regency in 2019. Methods: This study was an observational research type supported by mapping through an application with a cross-sectional research design. This study was all districts in Tuban Regency. Data were obtained from secondary data, which were the Tuban Regency Health Profile in 2019. Results and Discussion: The percentage of latrine ownership was 71.15%, the open defecation was 70%, the percentage of children under five was not more than 14.69%, and cases of diarrhea among toddlers were relatively diverse in each district with the lowest number of cases was 0, and the highest number of cases was 841. Conclusion: Diarrhea in toddlers was commonly distributed in the Eastern and Southeastern Tuban Regency, directly adjacent to the Bengawan Solo River. There was a strong possibility that the occurrence of diarrhea was related to the water quality of Bengawan Solo River that was consumed for daily household activities.
This study investigates the effects of heat input on the crystallographic texture evolution during friction stir processing of AA7075 alloys. Three different heat input levels were applied to develop ...friction stir-modified regions. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was utilized to measure the micro-texture in the as-received base metal and friction stir processed (FSPed) stir zones. In particular, inverse pole figure (IPF) maps, pole figures, and orientation distribution functions were employed to compare the micro-textures of different processed regions. The results indicate that as the heat input decreases, the average microhardness of the nugget zone declines, accompanied by an increase in the size of recrystallized grains. The base metal AA7075 exhibits a predominantly rotated cube texture ({001} ). After friction stir processing, the stir zone transitions to a rotated cube texture with decreased intensities and the presence of copper texture ({112} ). Notably, as the heat input increases, the rotated cube texture transforms into a copper texture.
Display omitted
Display omitted
The individualization of solid dosage forms to realize a flexible therapy for all patient groups is a topic which increasingly gains importance in pharmaceutical research. The goal of ...this study was to develop a nanoparticulate, instant orodispersible film (iODF) powder which can easily be reconstituted in water to cast ODFs containing an individualized concentration of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). It was shown that the processing of the film casing mass to iODF powders by spray drying provides the same advantageous film properties, particles sizes redispersed from the ODF and dissolution profiles as compared to the common production route. Due to the realization of nanoparticle loads up to 50wt.% in the iODF powders, high API loads (11.8mgcm−2) are achieved in final ODFs. The powders are well storable at different temperatures for at least three months and do not change their crystalline state during storage. Furthermore, dissolution of a defined amount of API from ODFs was found to be the fastest with the highest drug loads in the films.
Male infertility is an increasing problem partly due to inherited genetic variations. Mutations in genes involved in formation of the sperm tail cause motility defects and thus male infertility. ...Therefore, it is crucial to understand the protein networks required for sperm differentiation. Sperm motility is produced through activation of the sperm flagellum, which core structure, the axoneme, resembles motile cilia. In addition to this, cytoskeletal axonemal structure sperm tail motility requires various accessory structures. These structures are important for the integrity of the long tail, sperm capacitation, and generation of energy during sperm passage to fertilize the oocyte. This review discusses the current knowledge of mechanisms required for formation of the sperm tail structures and their effect on fertility. The recent research based on animal models and genetic variants in relation to sperm tail formation and function provides insights into the events leading to fertile sperm production. Here we compile a view of proteins involved in sperm tail development and summarize the current knowledge of factors contributing to reduced sperm motility, asthenozoospermia, underline the mechanisms which require further research, and discuss related clinical aspects on human male infertility. Summary Sentence This review studies the known factors contributing to male fertility through production of sperm motility by the sperm tail.
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a paradigm and model of a new approach to sanitation development in Indonesia that prioritizes community empowerment and behavioral change. Work area of ...Seririt II Public Health Center was the working area with the lowest access to the lowest latrine in Buleleng regency, which was 65.58% and there were no ODF status. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the process of actualization of CLTS first pillar program in the work area of Seririt II Community Health Center. This research was an observastional research used cross sectional study design. Data collection techniques with primary data were obtained using questionnaires. The sample of this research was sanitation officer. Data analysis used descriptive analysise. The results of the evaluation process of actualization of the Community Led Total Sanitation Program (CLTS) first pillar in the work area of Seririt II Community Health Center were not in accordance with the Minister of Health Decree Number 3 Year 2014 about CLTS, there were several steps which were not performed by sanitation officers i.e prepared village level facilitators, discussed with communities, formed sanitation activities, developed CLTS program plans related to open defecation habits, worked with cross-sector and cross-program in healthy latrine development plan and evaluated of CLTS program plan by involving community. Suggestions for this research are sanitation officers should improve the quality of trigger activities, monitoring, evaluation and assistance for other residents who still behave inappropriately to use and have adequate sanitation facilities, advocate for the sub-district head and village head to support the success of the CLTS program.
This study addresses a machine learning (ML)-reinforced strategy to build both linear and non-linear property closures for metallic materials. A property closure is a closed space of material ...properties that contains all possible values of the closure variables. The material properties of metals are significantly dependent on the underlying microstructure texture. Here, the polycrystalline material is expressed by the Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) that relates to the volume densities of the crystallographic orientations. Theoretically, the property closures of volume-averaged material properties can be derived using single-crystal microstructure solutions; however, this theory is not valid for non-linear properties. Therefore, we use an ML-reinforced strategy to generate both linear and non-linear material property closures using the Linear Regression (LR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method with Bayesian Regularization. The closures for material properties, such as the elastic stiffness parameters and critical buckling load, are generated for Titanium, Magnesium, and Aluminum. The outcomes of the ML surrogate models for these properties are compared to each other. The results demonstrate that the ANN model with Bayesian regularization is capable of predicting both linear and non-linear material properties with almost 100% accuracy. However, the linear regression algorithm is found to be not as accurate as of the Bayesian inference for the non-linear property even though it provides similar accuracy as ANN for the linear property. Therefore, ANN with Bayesian regularization is utilized for predicting the property closure of critical buckling load, which is a non-linear property.
Display omitted
•Creating a connection between Microstructure Sensitive Design and Machine Learning•Prediction of Linear and Non-Linear Property Closures of materials•Property closure contains all possible values of corresponding parameters•Designing the microstructure for a specific material property from the closure•Performance checking of two linear and non-linear ML models for microstructure-sensitive property prediction
PDF
