Some dietary supplements are recommended to athletes based on data that supports improved exercise performance. Other dietary supplements are not ergogenic per se, but may improve health, adaptation ...to exercise, or recovery from injury, and so could help athletes to train and/or compete more effectively. In this review, we describe several dietary supplements that may improve health, exercise adaptation, or recovery. Creatine monohydrate may improve recovery from and adaptation to intense training, recovery from periods of injury with extreme inactivity, cognitive processing, and reduce severity of or enhance recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Omega 3-fatty acid supplementation may also reduce severity of or enhance recovery from mTBI. Replenishment of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency will likely improve some aspects of immune, bone, and muscle health. Probiotic supplementation can reduce the incidence, duration, and severity of upper respiratory tract infection, which may indirectly improve training or competitive performance. Preliminary data show that gelatin and/or collagen may improve connective tissue health. Some anti-inflammatory supplements, such as curcumin or tart cherry juice, may reduce inflammation and possibly delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not consistently increase strength and/or lean mass or reduce markers of muscle damage, but more research on recovery from injury that includes periods of extreme inactivity is needed. Several dietary supplements, including creatine monohydrate, omega 3-fatty acids, vitamin D, probiotics, gelatin, and curcumin/tart cherry juice could help athletes train and/or compete more effectively.
To explore the mutational possibilities of insertions and deletions (indels) in the
carbapenemase (KPC) beta-lactamase, we selected for ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant mutants. Of 96 screened ...mutants, we obtained 19 indels (2 to 15 amino acids), all located in the loops surrounding the active site. Three antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes emerged: an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-like phenotype, an activity restricted to ceftazidime, and a carbapenem-susceptible KPC-like phenotype. Tolerance for indels reflects the evolvability of KPC beta-lactamase, which could challenge the therapeutic management of patients.
•Cooling channels for a scramjet combustor with endothermic hydrocarbon fuel is studied.•Improved thermal performance with truncated ribs is evaluated and discussed.•Details of flow characteristics ...and heat transfer are described and analyzed.•The average temperature of heated walls can be reduced by up to 500 K.
In order to further improve the thermal performance of cooling channels for a scramjet combustor using endothermic hydrocarbon fuel, an array of truncated ribs with various pitches and heights is mounted on one wall. The turbulent flow characteristics and local heat transfer of the ribbed channels are numerically studied and analyzed in the non-chemical zone by a verified SST k-ω turbulence model under the studied Reynolds number ranging from 1800 to 3700. It is found that the quantity and the scope of vortex pairs are increased with increasing the ribs height, and that the velocity of the coolant near the bottom and the turbulence caused by the vortex pairs are the two main factors to affect the thermal transfer. Finally, the thermal performances under a considered range of the rib pitch-to-height ratio between 12.5 and 25 are carefully checked and evaluated. Compared with a cooling channel without truncated ribs at a heat flux of 2.0 MW/m2, the averaged temperature of the ribbed walls can be reduced by 390–511 K.
This review aimed to assess the impact of dietary omega‐3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment when compared with periodontal treatment alone on periodontal clinical ...parameters of periodontitis patients. We included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 3‐months follow‐up of non‐surgical periodontal therapy, in combination with dietary omega‐3 fatty acids. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to October 2021. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to determine the change in clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) after therapy. Of the eight hundred eighty‐four potentially relevant papers retrieved from the electronic databases, 10 RCTs were selected for qualitative analysis, and of these, 8 RCTs were included in meta‐analysis. RCTs showed a significant PPD reduction/CAL gain associated with the use of omega‐3 fatty acids. The pooled estimates revealed significant overall PPD reduction of 0.42 mm (95% CI 0.15, 0.68) and CAL gain 0.58 mm (95% CI 0.24, 0.92). In individuals with periodontitis, the use of omega‐3 fatty acid dietary supplementation as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment can provide additional benefits in CAL gain and PPD reduction, compared with non‐surgical periodontal treatment alone.
This paper investigates the effect of a new sub-structural configuration (omega sub-stiffener) on the buckling and post-buckling performance of an existing T-stiffened composite panel design. An ...optimization framework is proposed to optimize the distribution of omega sub-stiffeners, the laminate stacking sequences, and the ply orientation angles of omega sub-stiffened composite panels to yield higher initial buckling performance without adding mass. Further, different stiffener-panel cohesive interface properties are considered to analyze the underlying mechanism of omega sub-stiffeners involved in the panel’s post-buckling deformation paths and ultimate failure load during the compressive post-buckling process. Results show that introducing omega sub-stiffeners into the T-stiffened composite panel can result in an increased initial buckling performance (+242.63%) and causes re-establishment of the concentrated stress region, which yields different degrees of deformation and collapse in composite panels, and alters the failure behavior and further affects the initiation and propagation of various failure modes.
•A new sub-structural configuration (omega sub-stiffener) was introduced and optimized to improve the initial buckling performance of an existing T-stiffened composite panel design with no additional mass.•The design optimization problem of the omega sub-stiffened composite panel is solved in two optimization stages to yield significant initial buckling performance.•Results compared to the standard T-stiffened composite panel showed promising results.•The introduction of omega sub-stiffeners alters the failure process and further affects the initiation and propagation of various failure modes.
Lipedema is a pathology of the adipose tissue, in evident female prevalence, diagnosed clinically and still of not well-defined etiopathogenesis. Indeed, an estrogen-related component is present, and ...an inflammatory state and a condition of edema are present in most cases; even pain seems to be a recurring feature, and insulin resistance is also often associated with lipedema. The therapeutic approach is finally becoming holistic. Therefore, with surgery, physiotherapy, and elastic compression therapy, the nutritional aspect of food supplementation is gaining much value. The objective of the present work is to consider the nutritional supplements that could be useful to manage this condition, underlining that, at the moment, the specific literature is practically non-existent. The most promising supplements seem to be omega 3 fish oil, polyphenols, and vitamin C, but the need for studies in this sector is urgent.
Fluid flow around bluff bodies such as circular and rectangular (square) cross-sections is a fundamental fluid mechanics problem and has been a popular focus of research for many years. Several ...engineering applications—including offshore structures, bridge piers, and pipelines—can be modeled as cylinders. This study numerically investigated the flow field around cylinders of the same characteristic length under identical flow conditions ranging from laminar (Reynolds number Re = 2) to turbulent (Re = 4 × 106). Two-dimensional simulation analyses were performed using the shear stress transport k-omega turbulence closure model and commercial software. Simulation results showed good agreement with the literature. Cylinder shape was found to significantly affect the flow field. Under the same initial flow conditions, wake downstream of the square cylinder was found to be much more turbulent than that of the circular one. In addition, as Re increased, the turbulence of the wake flow increased and its length downstream of the cylinders increased.
Ziconotide is a novel peptide that blocks the entry of calcium into neuronal N‐type voltage‐sensitive calcium channels, preventing the conduction of nerve signals. N‐type calcium channels are present ...in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In various animal models of pain, intrathecal administration of ziconotide blocked nerve transmission and nociception. The United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved ziconotide intrathecal infusion for the management of severe chronic pain in patients who require intrathecal therapy and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment, such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies, or intrathecal morphine. The drug has a narrow therapeutic window and a lag time for the onset and offset of analgesia and adverse events. In early clinical trials, frequent and severe psychiatric and central nervous system adverse effects were associated with rapid intrathecal infusion (0.4 μg/hr) and frequent up‐titration (every 12 hrs). Therefore, patients with psychiatric symptoms are not candidates for this drug. Drug trials of external intrathecal catheters and microinfusion devices demonstrated a 3% risk of meningitis. A low initial infusion rate of 0.1 μg/hour and limiting infusion rate increases to 2–3 times/week are now recommended. Patients responsive to intrathecal ziconotide require an implanted infusion system to receive long‐term therapy.
We present the extension of a previous study where, assuming a simple free bosonic gas supplemented with a relativistic mean-field model to describe the pure nucleonic part of the equation of state, ...we studied the consequences that the first non-trivial hexaquark
d
*
(2380) could have on the properties of neutron stars. Compared to that exploratory work, we employ a standard non-linear Walecka model including additional terms that describe the interaction of the
d
*
(2380) di-baryon with the other particles of the system through the exchange of
σ
- and
ω
-meson fields. Our results show that the presence of the
d
*
(2380) leads to maximum masses compatible with recent observations of ∼2
M
⊙
millisecond pulsars if the interaction of the
d
*
(2380) is slightly repulsive or the
d
*
(2380) does not interact at all. An attractive interaction makes the equation of state too soft to be able to support a 2
M
⊙
neutron star whereas an extremely repulsive one induces the collapse of the neutron star into a black hole as soon as the
d
*
(2380) appears.
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