Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate ...the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus.
A MEDLINE search for "Diabetes Mellitus and oral manifestations" was performed. A further search was conducted for "diabetes" and its individual oral manifestation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human clinical studies with a minimum of 30 patients; studies published in relevant scientific journals between January 1998 and January 2016. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, assessing the strength of scientific evidence according to recommendations made by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM), which permits adequate assessment of prevalence studies.
A total 3,712 patients (2,084 diabetics) were included in the studies reviewed. Of the 19 studies analyzed, 4 were longitudinal studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. Periodontal disease, periapical lesions, xerostomia and taste disturbance were more prevalent among diabetic patients. An association between diabetes and caries and mucosal lesions proved positive in 5 out of 10 studies.
Despite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis.
The dental provider should be aware of the oral manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE may be on chronic oral corticosteroids, which can increase the risk for ...periodontitis and opportunistic oral infections in addition to inducing multiple systemic adverse effects. Disease complications such as lupus nephritis and comorbid antiphospholipid antibody syndrome can further impact dental decision-making including around medications to prescribe or hemostatic measures to employ during treatment. Patients with SLE on systemic corticosteroid therapy usually do not require steroid supplementation before or after non-surgical or surgical dental treatment.
This study aimed to highlight the perceived associations between general and oral pathology, among clinicians of different specialties. Data was collected through a questionnaire with 22 questions, ...with single or multiple answers, to 88 dentists, general practitioners, or pediatricians. The majority of participants were women (89.8%), aged between 30 and 39 years (52.3%), with a professional experience mostly under 10 years (61.3%). Many doctors considered that there was an association between oral and general pathologies (39.8%). The most common general pathologies associated with oral pathology were digestive disorders (n=21, 23.9%), followed by cardiovascular, genetic, endocrine and metabolic, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, hematological, immunological, and oncological pathologies. Tooth decay was mainly found in patients with digestive, respiratory, or neuropsychiatric disorders, and periodontal disease was more common in patients with obstetric disorders. Diseases of the oral mucosa, such as canker sores and gingivostomatitis, were more common in patients with digestive pathology, endocrine and metabolic, or reproductive disorders. The study pointed out that physicians, regardless of their medical training, often observed a relatively rich general pathology associated with oral conditions. It is important to differentiate between primary and secondary oral pathology, associated with general pathology and medication, establishing a correct diagnosis of the disease and treatment according to general or oral diseases and their manifestations.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEPsoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients ...with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. RESULTSWe studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index PASI, 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of oral lesions, especially fissured tongue and periodontitis, is higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls. Oral lesions were associated with more severe psoriasis and a higher prevalence of associated comorbidities. We recommend examining the oral cavity of patients with psoriasis, especially those with more severe disease and comorbidities, irrespective of type of psoriasis, location, or time since onset.
Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), also known as Goltz syndrome, consists of an unusual genodermatosis that affects tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin and various organs and systems, especially ...skin, bones, eyes, and oral cavity. While systemic manifestations of FDH have been well documented, the oral manifestations have not been extensively discussed. We present a 22-year-old female patient with history of FDH that showed a variety of systemic and oral manifestations. FDH was diagnosed at birth based on cutaneous alterations. Extra and intraoral examination showed facial asymmetry, lip and perioral atrophy, upper lip papilloma, malocclusion, enamel hypoplasia, and gingival hyperplasia. Mucosal lesions, periodontal diseases, and malocclusion were treated by oral surgery, periodontal therapy and orthodontic treatment, respectively. Although FDH is an uncommon syndrome, health professionals should be aware of its systemic and oral manifestations to establish an early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a group of viruses that cause disease in birds and mammals and currently has more than 398.572.320 infected and 5.770.578 victims worldwide. Common clinical ...symptoms are fever, headache, dyspnea, sore throat, dry cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. On the other hand, the results of various studies related to oral and maxil- lofacial manifestations in patients with COVID-19 have reported contradictory results in different places, which shows the role of different geographical and individual factors in the occurrence of oral manifestations. The aim of the present study was to review the oral and maxillofacial manifes- tations in patients with or improved COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This study is a narrative review. In this study, research published in Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases has been reviewed by a review method and with a keyword search strategy. Results: 4011 articles were found from the mentioned databases, and after deleting unrelated researches (3607 cases) and duplicate researches (358 cases), 46 articles remained for final review. Then, from this number, those research that were presented in the scientific conference and were in the form of abstracts or did not have a correct statistical population were excluded from the study (10 cases). Conclusion: COVID-19 is a new and rapidly evolving disease, and many of its features, in- cluding its associated oral manifestations, are still under investigation. No agreement has yet been reached on the nature and classification of oral lesions in COVID-19 and their causal relationship to disease progression. This limitation is reflected in systematic reviews such as the present article. In addition, there is a significant shortage of high-quality studies on the prevalence of these oral manifestations and this limitation affects the prevalence estimates presented in this study. Keywords: Oral manifestations; Maxillofacial manifestations; Sars covid_19.
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