Layered PVB/Co2Z/Ti3C2 Mxene composite was fabricated via a simple tape casting process, for the sake of an improved impedance match. Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) appears mainly as a matrix in the ...composite. The layered structure makes electromagnetic wave pass through the two layer absorber successively, thereby resulting in the attenuation of electromagnetic wave. Experimental results show that the as-synthesized PVB/Co2Z/Ti3C2 Mxene composite exhibits a highly efficient electromagnetic attenuation. Two-dimensional Ti3C2 Mxenes may provide dielectric loss for the absorbing materials. For the as-synthesized PVB/Co2Z/Ti3C2 Mxene composite, an optimal reflection loss (RL) as low as −46.3 dB was observed at 5.8 GHz with an absorber thickness of only 2.8 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth corresponding to the reflection loss below −10 dB is 1.6 GHz. Findings indicate that the layered PVB/Co2Z/Ti3C2 Mxene composite might be a promising candidate for lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbing material.
•Layered PVB/Co2Z/Ti3C2 Mxene composite was fabricated via tape casting process.•Traversing two layer absorber successively benefits to attenuation of EM wave.•An optimal RL as low as-46.3 dB is observed with the thickness of 2.8 mm.•The introduction of Mxene in this work achieve a preferable impedance match.
Polyvinyl(butyral) (PVB) post-production waste collected from the windshields of end-of-life vehicles and post-consumer building laminated glass are valuable polymeric materials that can be reused. ...Every year, large amounts of PVB waste are still being buried in landfills owing to a lack of appropriate recycling techniques. Before reuse, PVB should be thoroughly cleaned of solid contaminants such as glass dust, fused heating wires, and other waste polymers, metals, and ceramics. This can be done by polymer dissolution and filtration. In this study, we propose the purification of PVB from contamination by dissolving the post-consumer polymeric materials into single and binary organic solvents. As part of the experimental work, measurements and optimization of the dissolution time of PVB were performed. PVB dissolves faster when a binary solvent (2-propanol + ethyl acetate) than pure 2-propanol is used. From the point of view of the practical application of PVB solutions, measurements of density and dynamic viscosity as a function of PVB concentration and temperature were performed. The PVB solutions obtained in this work can be widely used as glues for glass, ceramics, metal, impregnating, and insulating materials or as paint additives that are entirely transparent for visible light and to block UV rays.
•Uncertainty-based multi-objective optimal design method of PVB system was proposed.•Three groups of influencing factors with uncertainty were identified and modeled.•Representative values of ...technical indicators (SCR and SSR) were defined.•Generic configuration indices of PV and battery capacities were proposed.•The proposed indices can be used directly as guide for PVB system design.
In practice, the actual operation conditions are generally different from those assumed in the design stage, which causes uncertainties of actual building load and photovoltaic (PV) power generation. This study conducted an optimization design for PV-battery (PVB) system with consideration of these uncertainties. Three groups of factors with uncertainty, relating to outdoor conditions, building construction and indoor conditions, were discussed. An uncertainty-based multi-objective optimization design method was proposed for the PVB system based on the random simulations and weight sum method. Compared with conventional deterministic optimization method, the uncertainty-based optimization method is more likely to achieve the optimal configuration of PV and batteries in actual conditions. When the weight factors are the same, the impacts of self-consumption rate (SCR) on the PVB system configuration are larger than that of the self-sufficiency rate (SSR). The performance of the PVB system is much more sensitive to PV capacity than to battery capacity. In practice, on the premise of achieving the required SCR, the PV capacity should be maximized while the battery capacity be minimized. Representative values of technical indicators (SCR and SSR), of which a relative deviation of 5% covers more than 84% of all the results, were determined. Based on the representative values, the configuration indices of PV and battery capacities for office buildings in the hot-summer and cold-winter, and the IV solar resource zone of China, were proposed, and summarized in the form of table. The proposed configuration indices can be used directly as guide for PVB system design.
•Montmorillonite improves the performance solid polymer electrolyte.•Smaller activation energy is benefit to free lithium ions migration.•Good performance with low capacity fading on charge–discharge ...cycling.•SEI film is formed in the third cycle according to CV curve.•PVDF/PVA/MMT membrane has good heat stability.
In this study, we prepared a kind of composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) based on montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay fillers, lithium-bis(trifluoromethanelsulfonyl) (LiTFSI), polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) copolymer by the casting method. Effect of the montmorillonite on ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of the polymer electrolyte was demonstrated. The result CSPE obtained a higher ionic conductivity up to 4.31×10−4Scm−1 at room temperature when 4.0wt% MMT was contained, and the maximum lithium ions transference number of 0.40 was achieved. Electrochemical performance of the polymer solid electrolyte was evaluated in Li/polymer electrolyte/LiFePO4 coin cell. Good performance with low capacity fading on charge–discharge cycling was achieved, indicating the potential application of the as-prepared CSPE in lithium ion batteries.
•HPSs@PVB films were successfully prepared.•HPSs possess superior optical performance after PVB coating.•The thermal cyclability, water and UV resistance of HPSs@PVB films are excellent.•The color ...gamut is as wide as 126% based on the high color purity HPSs@PVB device, reaching 94% of Rec. 2020.
Here, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films-protected CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 halide perovskite solids (HPSs) were successfully synthesized. The optical properties and structure of HPSs@PVB were studied, finding the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of this novel composite material is as high as 60.4%. More importantly, HPSs@PVB has excellent thermal cyclability, water and ultraviolet (UV) resistance. In addition, HPSs@PVB was further applied to light emitting diodes (LEDs) and displays. By combining green-emitting HPSs@PVB and red-emitting CsPbBrI2 NCs@PVB with InGaN 460 nm blue chip, white light emitting diode (WLED) device can be successfully fabricated. And the device exhibits good stability and the color gamut is as wide as 126%, reaching 94% of Rec. 2020. This work proposes a simple approach to solve the challenging stability issue of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), having a positive implication for their practical application in LEDs and display backlights.
The ever-growing penetration rate of distributed energy resources in the building sector, coupled with the ongoing improvements in electrification policies within the transportation industry, has ...posed challenges to cost-effectiveness and reliable operation of the utility grid. This study conducts a comparative study on electricity transactions between multi-microgrids comprising heterogeneous building communities considering electric vehicles (EVs), utilizing a hybrid game theory-based Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading paradigm and a traditional Time-of-use (TOU) strategy under the Peer-to-grid (P2G) paradigm. Firstly, a hybrid game-based P2P framework, incorporating a non-cooperative game for determining internal electricity transactions and prices between multi-microgrid representing different building communities, and proposed a cooperative game for determining transactions and revenue distribution within the same microgrid's buildings. Then, the study investigates the effectiveness of this approach in enabling efficient and sustainable electricity exchange within microgrids. Through a comprehensive analysis, considering the dynamic electricity demand and techno-economic factors, the results demonstrates that the hybrid game theory-based P2P paradigm offers significant advantages over the traditional TOU strategy under the P2G paradigm. The proposed approach enables improved energy supply-demand balancing, increased energy autonomy, equitable revenue distribution, and reduced reliance on the utility grid. Meanwhile, utilizing EVs and flexible loads as energy flexibility assets further enhances the system's flexibility and responsiveness to demand fluctuations. The findings provide references for promoting energy efficiency and supporting the transition towards a more decentralized and resilient power system by fostering energy sharing and enhancing grid stability.
•A hybrid game-based P2P paradigm for multi-microgrid electricity transactions is proposed.•The interactive impact between EVs charging load and building energy consumption in heterogeneous building communities is explored.•The techno-economic performance of the multi-microgrid under the proposed P2P paradigm and the traditional P2G paradigm are compared.•Integration of EVs and flexible loads enhances system flexibility and responsiveness to demand fluctuations.
