V prispevku je prikazan in ovrednoten demografski potencial hribovskih kmetijah na Dravskem Pohorju, in sicer so predstavljene značilnosti socio-ekonomske strukture, depopulacije in deagrarizacije, ...demografske vitalnosti, delovne storilnosti in nasledstvene kontinuitete hribovskih kmetij. Rezultati kažejo, da je zaradi stalnega odseljevanja predvsem mladega prebivalstva oslabljena demografska vitalnost, številne kmetije pa tudi nimajo zagotovljene ustrezne nasledstvene kontinuitete.
In this paper the application of different methods for estimation of magnitudes of rainfall-induced debris flows in 18 torrents in the Upper Sava River valley, NW Slovenia, and in 2 torrents in ...Pohorje, N Slovenia is described. Additional verification of the methods was performed in the torrential watersheds with active debris flows in the recent past (Predelica and Brusnik in the Soca River basin, W Slovenia). For some of the methods, the knowledge of morphometric characteristics of a torrential watershed, torrential channel and torrential fan is enough. For other methods, a mathematical tool (HEC-HMS) had to be applied in order to develop a hydrologic runoff model of precipitation that can trigger debris flows. Computed debris-flow magnitudes were of the order between 6,500 m3 and 340,000 m3. Their values are a function of torrential watershed parameters, such as: watershed area, Melton number, fan gradient, and torrential channel gradient. The investigated fans were classified into 3 groups with regard to the debris-flow hazard: debris-flow fans (hazard exists), torrential fans (no hazard), and transitional fans (debris flows are possible, but with low possibility). A limit between debris-flow fans and torrential fans is proposed: Melton number 0.3 and torrential fan gradient 4 degree , that is, 7%. Out of 24 investigated torrential fans, 13 fans were classified into the group of debris-flow fans, 5 fans were classified into the group of torrential fans, and the rest 6 fans were classified into the group of transitional fans.
Geomorphology of Pohorje mountains GAMS, I
Acta geographica Slovenica : Geografski zbornik,
01/2008, Letnik:
48, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Pohorje mountain range, young mountains with prevailing metamorphic rocks and dacite, continues to uplift above the igneous laccolith in the area of the rapid rising asthenosphere in the ...transition to the Pannonian basin also due to changes in temperature and, resultantly, of the density of uplifting dacite- and other intrusions which have not metamorphosed the surrounding sediments. On the Pohorje by the river Drava (hereinafter the Drava Pohorje), the drainage network does not match the orography, because, between the Vuzenica-Radlje basin and Fala, the Drava epigenetically deepened its gorge into the marginal range of Kobansko. Modest plateaus on the ridge of the Pohorje originate from the time when the base level maintained a cover of the so-called Eibiswald strata between the Karavanke and the Kobansko in the upper Miocene. The originally larger ridge plateau in the centre of the Pohorje was lowered by erosion and periglacial processes; it has been preserved as an inclined plateau on the Eastern Pohorje. Explained through the recent tectonic shifting, established by means of GPS in the years 1996–2002 at the peak Velika Kopa, is the southeastwards curving of the five valleys above the Legen terrace where, supposedly, original headwaters of the Spodnja Mislinja came from. Due to its geological, geomorphological and hydrological peculiarities the Legen Quaternary terrace deserves that it should be declaired the ‘geopark’, the first one in Slovenia. Even more explicit and extensive is the westwards curving of the valleys on the northern slope of the Pohorje, and their northeastward orientation in the Ribnica-Lovrenc-Selnica valley system. In the east section of the Lovrenc valley system above Fala the brook Rečnikov potok has not adjusted its course to the recent tectonic subsiding, so that its valleys run obliquely to the slope inclination. The up to 700 metres deep Mislinja rift lowered the central ridge of the Pohorje to 1299 metres. Blowing intensely across it, the northeastern Pleistocene cold winds made possible the origination of two smaller glaciers in the upper drainage basin of the Radoljna. The gently sloping Pohorje landforms are not the result of the old age but of the disintegration of granular rocks to permeable sand, above which the thick cover of continuous roots of grasses and prevailing spruce reduces the erosion.
Extended description:
Bogastvo pohorskih gozdov je bilo dolga stoletja vir zaslužka tamkajšnjim ljudem. A so si Pohorci kaj kmalu v gozdovih našli še drugo, trše delo, za katero je potrebna spretna, ...vendar močna roka. Skorajda sto let že lomijo v Cezleku kamen. Granit. Pravijo mu tudi najtrši med kamni. A se ga da oblikovati. Z voljo in močjo. To pa Pohorci, ki v krajih okrog Oplotnice živijo s kamnom in od kamna, imajo.
Information:
Tonček Strnad describing his 35 years of work in a granite quarry.
Original language summary:
Pripoved delavca Tončka Strnada, ki že 35 let dela v kamnolomu Granit.
Extended description:
Med krovci pohorskih bajt; panorama; oranje s volovsko vprego, domačija v hribih, prekrivanje strehe s lesenimi skodlami; žaganje hloda z motorno žago, cepljenje hloda s sekiro ...in klini, obtesavanje, izdelava skodel, polaganje na streho.
Kdor se bo napotil na izlet v prelepi del Južnega Pohorja nad Slovenskimi Konjicami, bo kmalu naletel na prijetno oblikovane pohorske domačije. Strme strehe kljubujejo vremenu v vseh letnih časih. Niti najmanjša kapljica ne prodre skozi lesene »šiklje«, s katerimi so krite.
Edina krovca za take strehe sta na Pohorju Ivan in Ludvik Kumer iz Resnika. Edina še znata pripravljati šiklje, kajti priprava in uporaba šikljev zahteva pogum in mojstrsko roko. Tudi ni brez nevarnosti plezati na visoko in strmo streho s polnim naročjem čeprav dišečih smrekovih deščic.
Za izdelavo šikljev je potrebno v prostranih pohorskih gozdovih najti zdrav, raven in negrčav smrekov les debel 80 do 100 centimetrov. Deblo nato razžagajo na 80 do 100 centimetrov dolge kose, ki jih s pomočjo posebnih lesenih klinov razcepijo v muzle. Iz »muzla« s »šikljarico« nacepi 35 do 40 deščic. Ludvik Kumer je tak mojster pri tem delu, da našiklja na dan tudi tisoč kosov. Pri tem mora izredno dobro poznati strukturo lesa. Deščice so namreč debele komaj 4 milimetre.
Šiklji morajo biti tako zloženi, kot so bili nacepljeni, sicer bi se ob pokrivanju strehe ne zjemali in streh bi zamakala. Dobro izdelani in podloženi šiklji kljubujejo tudi do 35 let. Nato jih je trebe zamenjati. Za sto metrov veliko streho je potrebnih kar osem tisoč šikljev. Pokrivanje traja štiri dni in stane 600 dinarjev. Kljub nizki ceni pa je s šiklji kritih domačij na Pohorju vse manj. Vzrok ni v pomanjkanju lesa. Le Ivan in Ludvik Kumer sta zadnja krovca. Tudi Kumarjev oča je bil znan »olcar«in pohorska korenina, saj je še pri 85. Letih upal splezati na streho in jo pokriti. Sin Ivan je krovec že 50. Let. Mlajši Ludvik ima sicer dva sinova, a nobeden ne bo »olcar«. Obema želita oče in stric v dolini lažje življenje kot sta ga živela sama sredi pohorskih gozdov.
Information:
It shows a special technique of roofing with wooden shingles in the area of Pohorje and a glimpse of peasant life, such as plowing.
Original language summary:
Prikaz posebne tehnike prekrivanja streh s skodlami na območju Pohorja in pogled v kmečko življenje na tem območju.
The Kozjak (Possruck) and Pohorje mountains form the southwestern basement rim of the Neogene Styrian Basin. This region was affected by two Tertiary magmatic events: the emplacement of the Oligocene ...Pohorje tonalite, and of Early/Middle Miocene dacites in the western Pohorje.
Vitrinite reflectance and fission-track data are used to reconstruct the thermal history and to constrain the exhumation of the Pohorje/Kozjak area. Early Miocene sediments lacking a thermal overprint contain apatite grains of Eggenburgian (∼19 Ma) cooling age, only 1–2 Ma older than the time of deposition. The cooling rate of the mainly Austroalpine source units was very fast, denoting tectonic denudation. It means that in the Eastern Alps during Early/Middle Miocene time the Pohorje/Kozjak region in addition to the Tauern and Rechnitz windows was supplying sediment into the surrounding basins with nearly syn-sedimentary apatite cooling ages.
Vitrinite reflectance anomalies in Early Miocene sediments in the Ribnica–Selnica trough, located between the Kozjak and Pohorje mountains, and at the eastern margin of the Kozjak mountains give evidence for a strong post-depositional thermal overprint. Thermal models based on nearby wells suggest that Miocene temperatures were as high as 220°C. Apatite fission-track ages indicate that the thermal overprint had terminated by middle Badenian (14.4±2.3 Ma) time.
Vitrinite reflectance anomalies in the Ribnica–Selnica trough are a result of Early/Middle Miocene volcanic activity. Another vitrinite reflectance anomaly, situated at the eastern margin of the Kozjak mountains, extends eastward into the Somat–Radkersburg area. The heat source in this region is not obvious. Possible heat sources are: (1) a shallow pluton beneath this area, which easily can explain the reconstructed Early/Middle Miocene heat flow of more than 250 mW/m
2; and (2) advective heat transport due to rapid exhumation of hot metamorphic rocks in the Pohorje/Kozjak region. Rapid exhumation is proven by fission-track dating. It would explain the appearance of the nearly syn-sedimentary detrital apatite FT ages in the sediments and the post-depositional heating.
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