Forest management has become increasingly complex since economic profit became only one of several important management objectives. Considering a diverse set of goals requires the use of ...multi-criteria decision making. When the only goal was to maximize timber production, the planning process often involved only one decision maker: the forest owner. We present the analytic hierarchy process as suitable multi-criteria method, which has been already applied in areas such as forestry and harvest scheduling, biodiversity conservation, regional planning, and forest sustainability. A case study of the forest area at Pohorje, a mountainous area in northern Slovenia, was conducted in order to implement the described theoretical findings. Th e aim of the study was to select the optimal alternative for Pohorje development. Th e results of the analysis show that the alternative benefits for people, which takes into account all of Pohorje's important aspects, is the most appropriate for Pohorje development.Original Abstract: Upravljanje sumama evaluiralo je u slozeniji zadatak, buduci da je ekonomska dobit samo jedna od nekoliko vaznih ciljeva upravljanja. Uvazavajuci tako razlicit skup ciljeva upravljanja, zahtijeva koristenje visekriterijske metode odlucivanja. Kada je maksimalna proizvodnja drva bila jedini cilj, odluke o planiranju procesa u vecini slucajeva donosio je vlasnik sume. Posljednjih dvadeset godina, proces planiranja se promijenio te ukljucuje interese vise zainteresiranih strana kao npr. lokalne zajednice, javne predstavnike, lovce, ekologe, rekreativce i druge. Oni imaju razlicita znanja, iskustva, perspektive i interese. Formiranje grupe treba se temeljiti na participativnom planiranju. Glavni problem grupnog odlucivanja je rjesavanje konflikta izmedu razlicitih ciljeva i preferencija. Grupiranje pojedinacnih preferencija nije samo matematicki vec i filozofski problem. U radu smo predstavili analiticki hijerarhijski proces kao prikladnu visekriterijsku metodu, koja se vec primjenjuje u podrucju sumarstva, planiranju zetve, ocuvanju bioloske raznolikosti, prostornom planiranju, odrzivosti suma i drugdje. Studija o sumskom podrucju Pohorja, planinskom lancu u sjevernoj Sloveniji, izvodi se prema opisanim teorijskim osnovama. Cilj naseg istrazivanja bio je izbor optimalne alternative za razvoj Pohorja. Identificirali smo pet mogucih alternativa na temelju pokazatelja odrzivosti. Alternative su usporedivali nekolicina zainteresiranih sudionika, prema rezultatima SWOT analize, koja je izvedena na radionici, gdje su sudionici raspravljali o pojedinim poglavljima scenarija o upravljanju sumama. Rezultati pokazuju da je alternativa "Dobrobiti za ljude", koja ukljucuje sva vazna gledista za Pohorje, najprikladnija za razvoj istog.
The composition of mineral phases and their modal proportions have been determined for three representative Eoalpine eclogites from the Saualpe type locality/Eastern Austria (sample SKP31) and the ...Pohorje Massif/Slovenia (CM31/03 and CM15/01) using electron microprobe, laser ICP-MS, IR spectroscopy and modal analysis to evaluate possible mechanisms for the formation of composite oriented calcic amphibole
+
quartz inclusions (COIs) in omphacite and to assess the relative importance of hydrous and nominally anhydrous phases as H
2O carriers in these eclogites.
For omphacites in CM31/03 with a zonal distribution of COIs, a comparison of water and trace element concentrations of areas containing COIs and those free of COIs and a comparison with the trace element concentration of calcic amphibole indicate that COIs have formed through an open-system alteration of clinopyroxene and not through a closed system exsolution process. In sample SKP31, both textural and mineral chemical evidence suggests that COIs did not form by exsolution involving a Ca-Eskola component in clinopyroxene but formed by progressive growth under eclogite-facies P-T conditions and prior to the onset of retrogressive symplectite formation analogous to the formation of poikiloblastic quartz–calcic amphibole grains in the matrix.
Bulk H
2O contents of the eclogites are between ca. 750 and 2150 ppm with 6–25% of the total water contributed by nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs). Because of high modal amounts of 37–65%, omphacite is the major nominally anhydrous water carrier, containing 145–580 ppm H
2O with significant concentration variations on a thin section scale. Due to their very low H
2O concentrations of <
5–10 ppm (garnet, kyanite) or insignificant modal amounts ≤
3% (rutile) the remaining NAMs contribute less than 1.5% to the bulk eclogite H
2O content. Calcic amphibole forming part of COIs may be a major carrier of H
2O as evidenced by CM31/03 containing both COIs and texturally primary calcic amphibole. In this sample calcic amphibole of the COIs contributes 63% whereas primary calcic amphibole only accounts for 13% of the bulk water. The relative order of H
2O concentrations in NAMs is H
2O
rutile
>
H
2O
omphacite
≫
H
2O
garnet for CM31/03 and CM15/01 and H
2O
rutile
≈
H
2O
omphacite
≫
H
2O
garnet in SKP31.
Deep welling in the Benedikt area has proven the existence of recently active hydrothermal system in pre-Tertiary basement composed of banded gneiss, marble and schist originating from a regionally ...metamorphosed sequence of clastic sediments. Two aquifers with very high fracture porosity were tapped--at depths between 1,485-1,530 and 1,848-1,857 m, where the welling stopped owing to a technical failure. The water temperature exceeds 90°C, while the yield of 100 l/s is limited only by the well performances. The Na-HCO₃ dominated water is classified as a CO₂-rich healing mineral water suitable for drinking, bottling and balneology. The free degassing gas is almost pure CO₂ (99.9 %) and its δ¹³C composition indicates volcanic origin. The tapped water is relatively old, probably of Pleistocene age at least, and the planned exploitation must consider reinjection in order to protect this valuable natural resource from overexploitation. This recent hydrothermal system is characterised by dominating vertical circulation of waters and is superimposed on older, already inactive hydrothermal system(s), recognised by veins of either metal sulphides and quartz, or calcite. These vein minerals precipitated from hydrothermal fluids migrating from a deeper source towards the ancient surface through a fracture system, which is now self-sealed already. The distribution of metal sulphides indicates that the source might have been a deep-seated Neogene pluton genetically related to the tonalites and quartz diorites that outcrop in the Pohorje Mountains, or a subvolcanic-level volcanic body related to the Neogene volcanic activity in the Graz Basin.
Za razliko od dobro raziskane pleistocenske poledenitve so periglacialni pojavi v Sloveniji slabo preučeni, saj zaradi prevlade karbonatnih kamnin v visokogorju niso posebno opazni. Drugače je na ...Pohorju, zgrajenem iz magmatskih in metamorfnih kamnin, ki zaradi premajhne višine ni bilo poledenelo, pač pa so bili aktivni periglacialni procesi. V članku so prvič predstavljene nekatere periglacialne oblike na Pohorju, predvsem nivacijske kotanje v vršnih delih, in krnica Jezerc, v kateri je ob višku poledenitve obstajal doslej nepoznan manjši ledenik.
PDF
