The paper elaborates on the effects of Art. 354 of the Civil Obligations Act on the reduction of contractual penalty. According to this provision, the court will, at the request of the debtor, reduce ...the contractual penalty amount if it finds that the amount is disproportionately high, given the value and significance of the object of the obligation. The paper takes the position on the inadequacy of the value and significance of the subject of the obligation as a criterion for assessing the proportionality of the contractual penalty amount. At the same time, as a more appropriate measure, the paper points to the damage, and to other circumstances that enable the court to decide on the fairness of a contractual penalty as well. The paper also notes that the court must not neglect the creditor's interests when deciding on the reduction of the contractual penalty, and that it should permit such a reduction only when a disproportionality of the contractual penalty is evident. The paper also elaborates on certain procedural issues related to the reduction of contractual penalty.
1. Raspad Jugoslavije. 2. Izbijanje spora o granicama između Hrvatske i Slovenije. 3. Sporazum o arbitraži od 4. studenoga 2009. 4. Tijek postupka i jednostrano odustajanje Hrvatske od arbitraže. 5. ...Konačna presuda izrečena 29. lipnja 2017. godine: Kopnena granica; Piranski zaljev / Savudrijska vala; Pojam ‘’vitalnih interesa’’; Razgraničenje teritorijalnoga mora izvan Piranskoga zaljeva; Pitanje “veze Slovenije s otvorenim morem” (“junction”); Ostale odluke i zaključci Tribunala. 6. Kratak zaključak.
The fairness of the proceedings for the defendant as the central point of the prosecution of the criminal prosecution and prosecution body is one of the requirements of the convention law, embodied ...in the Croatian criminal procedural law. The process of stigma occasionally appearing in relevant criminal justice decisions points to the fact that legal certainty has not yet been established regarding judicial practice in terms of the time of the conflicting rights of defense, but also of the worrying arbitrariness of the decisions, particularly as regards non-compliance with a higher court. In this paper, the author uses a case-study method to study the recent decisions of Croatian criminal courts regarding the interpretation of the moment when, according to procedural legal requirements, the realization of the right of defense must necessarily be examined by prosecution witnesses. Finally, it points to the inequality of the court practice of the lower courts with the highest court in Croatia, the unenforceability of certain court decisions and interpretations for which it is not possible to invest (regular) legal remedies and imposing obligations on criminal prosecution bodies that are not subject to a criminal procedural law.
Pravičnost postupka za okrivljenika kao središnju točku postupanja organa kaznenog progona i postupka, jedno je od zahtjeva konvencijskog prava, utjelovljenom i u hrvatskom kaznenom procesnom pravu. Procesne stigme koje se povremeno pojavljuju u mjerodavnim odlukama kaznenih sudova, ukazuju na činjenicu da još uvijek nije uspostavljena pravna sigurnost po pitanju sudske prakse u pogledu vremena ostvarenja konfrontacijskog prava obrane, ali i na zabrinjavajuću arbitrarnost odluka, posebno u pogledu neusklađenosti s višim sudom. U ovome radu autor korištenjem case-study metode izučava recentne odluke hrvatskih kaznenih sudova po pitanju tumačenja trenutka kada, prema procesno-pravnim zahtjevima, nužno mora doći do realizacije prava obrane da ispita svjedoke optužbe. Zaključno se ukazuje na neujednačenost sudske prakse nižih sudova s onom najvišeg redovnog kaznenog suda hrvatske države, neodrživost pojedinih sudskih odluka i tumačenja na koje nije moguće uložiti (redovna) pravna sredstva i nametanja obveza tijelima kaznenog progona koje obveze ne postavlja kazneni procesni zakon.
Ethical considerations in social work research Sobočan, Ana M.; Bertotti, Teresa; Strom-Gottfried, Kim
European journal of social work,
09/2019, Letnik:
22, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Too often, discussions of research ethics focus on the steps needed to avoid fraud or protect human subjects. These topics, while essential, are only a fraction of the considerations for ethical ...research, and excessive attention to them can obscure other important and meaningful decisions. Ethical dilemmas are inherent throughout the research process, from the choice about what to study and how to study it through to analysis and dissemination of findings. Attention to these considerations is especially important for researchers in social work who, by their professional discipline, code of ethics, or research foci are expected to demonstrate particular sensitivity to vulnerable populations, issues of social justice, conflicts of interest, and respect for dignity and privacy. Rooted in three workshops held during ECSWR since 2014, this paper examines the nature of embedded ethical dilemmas, with special attention to the challenges related to the principle of nonmaleficence and to the role of the researcher. In light of illustrative examples, the paper presents recommendations and resources to build ethical awareness and research integrity beyond regulatory compliance.
The paper presents the results of a qualitative exploratory study of secondary school principals’ perspectives on the State Matura model, and the issues of equality and equity of access to higher ...education for vocational and grammar school pupils. These questions are analysed in the context of increasing aspirations of young people towards higher education, the massification of higher education, and the strategic positioning of the Republic of Croatia towards increasing the share of highly educated citizens. Equality of access to higher education implies that all pupils who wish to study have the right to access the State Matura, a prerequisite for entering tertiary education, under equal conditions and criteria. The issue of equity means that every pupil has an equal opportunity to access tertiary education. The results point to generally positive attitudes regarding the State Matura as a uniform system of external exams that enables assessment of the acquired knowledge and skills in the same manner and using the same criteria for all pupils. Principals’ critical perspectives include questioning the suitability of the certification function of the State Matura for grammar school pupils and the weakening of the selective function due to additional testing of pupils’ knowledge and skills by tertiary education institutions. The perspectives of grammar school and vocational school principals on equality and equity of access to tertiary education are distinctly different. While grammar school principals view equity through the prism of providing equal conditions and criteria for all, vocational school principals recognise that the lack of equity arises from a different educational experience and the scope of what is taught in vocational programmes. Existing educational policy mechanisms aimed at addressing the less favourable status of vocational school pupils are insufficient to equalise the opportunities of pupils from various secondary school programmes.
Istraživanje o ulozi morala, pravednosti i pravičnosti u pravu odlučili smo provesti radi razumijevanja iste te s ciljem sumiranja različitog teorijskog prikaza navedenih pojmova i ulaska u jednu ...dublju pravnu i filozofsku analizu koja bi za značaj imala razumijevanje uloge i važnosti navedenih konstrukata za pravo te kako upravo navedeni pojmovi predstavljaju temelj koji nam omogućava spoznaju vrijednosti u pravu. Mi se u ovom radu pitamo: Postoji li povezanost prava s moralom, pravednosti i pravičnosti? Što je moral i zašto je njegovo pojmovno razumijevanje ključno za djelovanje u pravu? Kakav je odnos pravednosti i pravičnosti s pravom te koja im je uloga u pravnom diskursu? Je li pravičnost pravednost? Da bismo na ova pitanja odgovorili, nužno je osloniti se na provjerene znanstvene metode (metoda klasifikacije, analize, deskripcije, kompilacije i nadasve povijesna metoda), koje ćemo primjenjivati u našem istraživanju.
Seeking to understand the political significance of the World Social Forum, this work provides a detailed analysis of its leading participants and how they drive the politicisation process. It ...explores the WSF's significance in transmitting ideas and its potential for becoming a political force.
Problem sudskih odluka bez relevantnih i dostatnih razloga ponukao je autoricu na pisanje ovog rada, u kojem će biti prikazane pojedine odluke Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske, osobito razlozi kojima ...se Ustavni sud vodi kod odlučivanja o prigovorima povrede pravičnog suđenja sadržanog u odredbi čl. 29. Ustava Republike Hrvatske te čl. 6. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda. Pravično suđenje predstavlja jedno od temeljnih prava, koje omogućava svakom građaninu obraćanje sudu ili javnopravnom tijelu, kao i pravo dobiti valjani i dostatni odgovor na postavljeni zahtjev. Česte povrede pravičnog suđenja postaju sve uočljivije cjelokupnoj zajednici u kojoj živimo, zbog čega je potrebno upozoravati na povrede i nelogičnosti. Sastavljeno od dvanaest elemenata, pravo na pravično suđenje u svojoj kompleksnosti spaja pravičnost i pravdu, pojmove koji su sve češće potpuno različiti. U radu će se analizirati zabrana arbitrarnosti kao jedan od elemenata prava na pravično suđenje, s čijom se pojavom sve češće možemo susresti. Praktičarima će se dati pojedine smjernice koje mogu pomoći kod budućih obraćanja kako Ustavnom sudu Republike Hrvatske tako i redovnim sudovima kako bi se arbitrarnost pokušala spriječiti već u ranijim fazama postupka.
Spor o razgraničenju morskih prostora između Slovenije i Hrvatske na Sjevernom Jadranu predmetom je mnogih rasprava i sukobljenih mišljenja među političarima, novinarima, ali i nekim pravnicima, i to ...u obima državama. Rijetko su kada sudionici tih rasprava iskazivali poznavanje međunarodne sudske i arbitražne prakse o morskim razgraničenjima, iako su jedni tu mogućnost rješenja spora otklanjali, a drugi su je zagovarali. U svemu tome još je manje bilo raspravljanja o ulozi pravde, pravičnosti i međunarodnoga prava u toj oblasti, ali se napose Slovenija počesto poziva na “pravičnost“ i prije je predlagala sudsko rješavanje ex aequo et bono umjesto po pravu. Ovaj tekst ima napose za cilj da razjasni neka pitanja iz Sporazuma o arbitraži dviju država od 4. studenoga 2009. godine.