As New Space rises, the gap between the actions of space powers and international space policy continues to widen. The identified theme is the continual break between the actions of actors in the use ...of the space domain and existing international policy and law that designates the use of space as a global commons and for peaceful uses. This paper concludes that it is increasingly dangerous to forgo developing a proper governance system for space amid the rising rates of militarization and weaponization in the domain, as well as privatization of space activities. While creating a new governance structure for outer space with collaborative efforts around the globe will be difficult, ignoring the problem is destabilizing to geopolitics.
This article aims to present, from a historical perspective, the main legal instruments on access to land, based on authors who have studied the agrarian issue in Brazil, namely: Joao Pedro Stedile ...(2011), Jose de Souza Martins (1980), Marcia Maria Mendes Motta (1998), Maria Ligia Osorio Silva (1996, 1997), Ruy Cirne Lima (1954), among others. It also aims to demonstrate how legislation has advanced in the process of recognizing the socio-environmental function of property while it brought ambiguities that have led to regression in terms of a fairer and more equitable distribution of land, essential to human needs, such as housing and food. The materials used to prepare the article came from primary and secondary sources collected through bibliographic and documentary research. KEYWORDS: property of land, socio-environmental function of property, Brazilian legislation. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, numa perspectiva historica, os principais instrumentos juridicos sobre o acesso a terra, a partir de autores que estudaram a questao agraria no Brasil, a saber: Joao Pedro Stedile (2011), Jose de Souza Martins (1980), Marcia Maria Mendes Motta (1998), Maria Ligia Osorio Silva (1996, 1997), Ruy Cirne Lima (1954), entre outros. Tambem visa demonstrar como a legislacao avancou no processo de reconhecimento da funcao socioambiental da propriedade ao mesmo tempo em que trouxe ambiguidades que tem levado a um retrocesso em termos de uma distribuicao mais justa e equitativa de terras, essenciais as necessidades humanas, como a habitacao e comida. Os materiais utilizados na elaboracao do artigo foram provenientes de fontes primarias e secundarias coletadas por meio de pesquisas bibliograficas e documentais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: propriedade da terra, funcao socioambiental da propriedade, legislacao brasileira.
China, like many authoritarian regimes, struggles with the tension between the need to foster economic development by empowering local officials and the regime's imperative to control them ...politically. Landry explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) manages local officials in order to meet these goals and perpetuate an unusually decentralized authoritarian regime. Using unique data collected at the municipal, county, and village level, Landry examines in detail how the promotion mechanisms for local cadres have allowed the CCP to reward officials for the development of their localities without weakening political control. His research shows that the CCP's personnel management system is a key factor in explaining China's enduring authoritarianism and proves convincingly that decentralization and authoritarianism can work hand in hand.
