A study of the production of prompt J/ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 ...fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity |y|<1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity |ηjet|<1. The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics.
We hypothesized that cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) participates in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll (Chl) fiuorescence when the rate of ...photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) is electron-acceptor limited. To test this hypothesis, the relationships among photosynthesis rate, electron fluxes through both PSI and PSII Je(PSI) and Je(PSII)l and Chl fluorescence parameters were analyzed simultaneously in intact leaves of tobacco plants at several light intensities and partial pressures of ambient C02 (Ca). At low light intensities, decreasing Ca lowered the photosynthesis rate, but Je(PSI) and Je(PSII) remained constant. Je(PSl) was larger than Je(PSII), indicating the existence of CEF-PSI. Increasing the light intensity enhanced photosynthesis and both Je(PSI) and Je (PSII). Je(PSI)/Je(PSII) also increased at high light and at high light and low Ca combined, showing a strong, positive relationship with NPQ of Chl fluorescence. These results indicated that CEF-PSI contributed to the dissipation of photon energy in excess of that consumed by photosynthesis by driving NPQ of Chl fiuorescence. The main physiological function of CEF-PSI in photosynthesis of higher plants is discussed.
This article presents a comprehensive integration of current experimental evidence and theories about so-called parapsychological (psi) phenomena. Throughout history, people have reported events that ...seem to violate the common sense view of space and time. Some psychologists have been at the forefront of investigating these phenomena with sophisticated research protocols and theory, while others have devoted much of their careers to criticizing the field. Both stances can be explained by psychologists' expertise on relevant processes such as perception, memory, belief, and conscious and nonconscious processes. This article clarifies the domain of psi, summarizes recent theories from physics and psychology that present psi phenomena as at least plausible, and then provides an overview of recent/updated meta-analyses. The evidence provides cumulative support for the reality of psi, which cannot be readily explained away by the quality of the studies, fraud, selective reporting, experimental or analytical incompetence, or other frequent criticisms. The evidence for psi is comparable to that for established phenomena in psychology and other disciplines, although there is no consensual understanding of them. The article concludes with recommendations for further progress in the field including the use of project and data repositories, conducting multidisciplinary studies with enough power, developing further nonconscious measures of psi and falsifiable theories, analyzing the characteristics of successful sessions and participants, improving the ecological validity of studies, testing how to increase effect sizes, recruiting more researchers at least open to the possibility of psi, and situating psi phenomena within larger domains such as the study of consciousness.
The cross section for coherent J/ψ photoproduction accompanied by at least one neutron on one side of the interaction point and no neutron activity on the other side, Xn0n, is measured with the CMS ...experiment in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 159μb−1, collected during the 2011 PbPb run. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, while neutrons are detected using zero degree calorimeters. The measured cross section is dσXn0ncoh/dy(J/ψ)=0.36±0.04(stat)±0.04(syst) mb in the rapidity interval 1.8<|y|<2.3. Using a model for the relative rate of coherent photoproduction processes, this Xn0n measurement gives a total coherent photoproduction cross section of dσcoh/dy(J/ψ)=1.82±0.22(stat)±0.20(syst)±0.19(theo) mb. The data strongly disfavor the impulse approximation model prediction, indicating that nuclear effects are needed to describe coherent J/ψ photoproduction in γ+Pb interactions. The data are found to be consistent with the leading twist approximation, which includes nuclear gluon shadowing.
In the present paper, we investigate the Hardy–Littlewood type and the integration by parts result for
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. Also, we attack the integration by parts for ...the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville and
ψ$$ \psi $$–Hilfer fractional derivatives. To finish, we investigated Sobolev‐type inequalities involving the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville and the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Hilfer fractional derivatives in weighted space.
In this paper we investigate the local limit theorem for partial sums of linear sequences of the form Xj=∑i∈Zaiξj−i. Here (ai)i∈Z is a sequence of constants satisfying ∑i∈Zai2<∞ and (ξi)i∈Z are ...functions of a stationary Markov chain with mean zero and finite second moment. The Markov chain is assumed to satisfy one-sided lower psi-mixing condition.
Side and top views of the (a) armchair and (b) zigzag PSi photodetector irradiated by the polarized light, and θ is the polarization angle. The blue and gray atoms are corresponding to the Si and P ...atoms.
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•A graphene-like honeycombed PSi monolayer has been found by our group with its thermodynamical, dynamical and mechanical stability having been listed.•When the linearly polarized light illuminates on the armchair or zigzag photodetector, due to the C1 symmetry of PSi monolayer the PSi photodetector can directly produce high photocurrents.•The produced photocurrents show the relations cos(2θ) and sin(2θ) on the polarization angle θ for the armchair and zigzag photodetector, respectively.•The vacancy- and substitution-doping in the PSi photodetector can enhance the generated photocurrents.
Using particle swarm optimization methodology for crystal structure prediction and first-principles density functional theory, a graphene-like honeycombed PSi monolayer has been found by our group with its thermodynamical, dynamical and mechanical stability having been listed. To extend the application of the PSi monolayer, the armchair and zigzag photodetector devices based on the photogalvanic effect have been built. When the linearly polarized light illuminates on the armchair or zigzag photodetector, due to the C1 symmetry of PSi monolayer the PSi photodetector can directly produce high photocurrents. In addition, the produced photocurrents show the relations cos(2θ) and sin(2θ) on the polarization angle θ for the armchair and zigzag photodetector, respectively. Moreover, the value of photon energy can effectively influence the distribution of generated photocurrents, namely the relations on the angle θ. Especially, the vacancy- and substitution-doping in the PSi photodetector can enhance the generated photocurrents. These results demonstrated great potential applications of the PSi monolayer on the low energy-consumption optoelectronics devices.
Preference Selection Index (PSI) that is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (MCDM) does not need to determine the weights for criteria and it has been applied in many different fields. However, ...using only the data normalization method (DNM) proposed by the inventor of the PSI method may narrow the application scope of this method. This study aims to expand the application range of the PSI method by identifying the appropriate DNMs in combination with the PSI method. Twelve different DNMs were used in combination with the PSI method. These twelve combinations were used in turn to solve several problems in different fields. The ranked results of solutions by these combinations were all compared with the results in the published studies. The sensitivity analysis of the ranked results of the solutions in each case also was performed. In this study, four out of twelve DNMs were found to be appropriate in combination with the PSI method. This discovery has extended the application scope of the PSI method that the previous methods have not met.