Despite the hype surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI), the potential of AI in customer relationship management (CRM) remains underexplored in academia. A between-subjects experiment examined the ...effects of the type of relationship (virtual assistantship versus virtual friendship) consumers build with AI-enabled chatbots on brand personality perception, parasocial interaction (PSI), and CRM. The main effects of the relationship type on brand personality perception appeared for competent brand personality, but not for sincere brand personality. The consumer-chatbot relationship type had effects on CRM-related outcomes (behavioral intention, satisfaction, and trust) through competent brand personality. Consumers who interacted with a friend chatbot experienced stronger PSI with the chatbot, and the relationship type had an influence on brand personality perception through PSI. This mediating effect of PSI was observed for both brand personalities - competence and sincerity. The moderating role of ideological views (technopians versus luddites) in explaining the effect of the relationship type on brand personality perception was detected for sincere brand personality. AI designers and marketers need to develop AI user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) along with marketing strategies that not only can appeal to technopians ready to adopt innovative AI customer representatives but also can ultimately help alleviate luddites’ AI anxiety in the emerging “feeling economy” envisioned by Rust and Huang.
•Chatbots can form virtual assistantship versus virtual friendship with customers.•Chatbots can represent a brand in customer relationship management (CRM).•Brand personality perception and parasocial interaction (PSI) affect CRM.•Virtual friend chatbots induce stronger PSI than virtual assistant chatbots.•Technopians and luddites respond differently to AI-manifested brand personality.
The use of styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMAs) to produce membrane protein-containing nanodiscs without the initial detergent isolation has gained significant interest over the last decade. We have ...previously shown that a Photosystem I SMALP from the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus (PSI-SMALP), has much more rapid energy transfer and charge separation in vitro than detergent isolated PSI complexes. In this study, we have utilized small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to better understand the geometry of these SMALPs. These techniques allow us to investigate the size and shape of these particles in their fully solvated state. Further, the particle's proteolipid core and detergent shell or copolymer belt can be interrogated separately using contrast variation, a capability unique to SANS. Here we report the dimensions of the Thermosynechococcus elongatus PSI-SMALP containing a PSI trimer. At ~1.5 MDa, PSI-SMALP is the largest SMALP to be isolated; our lipidomic analysis indicates it contains ~1300 lipids/per trimeric particle, >40-fold more than the PSI-DDM particle and > 100 fold more than identified in the 1JB0 crystal structure. Interestingly, the lipid composition to the PSI trimer in the PSI-SMALP differs significantly from bulk thylakoid composition, being enriched ~50 % in the anionic sulfolipid, SQDG. Finally, utilizing the contrast match point for the SMA 1440 copolymer, we also can observe the ~1 nm SMA copolymer belt surrounding this SMALP for the first time, consistent with most models of SMA organization.
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•SANS analysis of the largest membrane protein isolated via a SMALP.•Lipidomics reveal PSI-SMALP contains ~1200 lipids per PSI trimer.•Large lipid annulus agrees with the preliminary model based on SANS.•The membrane environment within and surrounding PSI is enriched in SQDG.•The inclusion of the anionic SQDG may explain the faster photochemistry observed in the PSI-SMALP.
Research on the link between affect and creativity rests on the assumption that creativity unfolds as a stimulus-driven response to affective states. We challenge this assumption and examine whether ...personality dynamics moderate the relationships between positive and negative mood with creativity.
According to our model, personality dynamics that generate and maintain positive affect and downregulate negative affect energize creativity. Based on this model, we expect high creativity in response to negative mood if people engage in self-motivation and achieve a reduction in negative mood. We further derive that individual differences in action versus state orientation moderate the within-person relationship between mood and creativity.
We conducted an experience-sampling study and examined the relationship between mood and creativity in everyday work-life. Two hundred and ten participants indicated their action-state orientation and reported their mood three times a day over five consecutive workdays. At noon of each day, we assessed self-motivation and in the evening the extent to which participants had generated novel and useful ideas during the day.
We observed high creativity when negative mood declined and self-motivation was high. Action-state orientation moderated the within-person relationships of positive and negative mood with creativity.
Personality dynamics determine whether positive and negative mood result in creativity.
Mosses are one of the earliest land plants that diverged from fresh-water green algae. They are considered to have acquired a higher capacity for thermal energy dissipation to cope with dynamically ...changing solar irradiance by utilizing both the “algal-type” light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR)-dependent and the “plant-type” PsbS-dependent mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the formation of photosystem (PS) I and II megacomplex is another mechanism to protect photosynthetic machinery from strong irradiance. Herein, we describe the analysis of the PSI–PSII megacomplex from the model moss,
Physcomitrella patens
, which was resolved using large-pore clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (lpCN-PAGE). The similarity in the migration distance of the
Physcomitrella
PSI–PSII megacomplex to the Arabidopsis megacomplex shown during lpCN-PAGE suggested that the
Physcomitrella
PSI–PSII and Arabidopsis megacomplexes have similar structures. Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence measurements show that excitation energy was rapidly and efficiently transferred from PSII to PSI, providing evidence of an ordered association of the two photosystems. We also found that LHCSR and PsbS co-migrated with the
Physcomitrella
PSI–PSII megacomplex. The megacomplex showed pH-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, which may have been induced by LHCSR and/or PsbS proteins with the collaboration of zeaxanthin. We discuss the mechanism that regulates the energy distribution balance between two photosystems in
Physcomitrella
.
Interpretation of the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction is still a subject of continuing discussion. One of the contentious issues is the influence of photosystem I (PSI) activity on the ...kinetics of the thermal JIP-phase of OJIP rise. To demonstrate this influence, we realized a series of measurements in wheat leaves subjected to PSI photoinactivation by the sequence of red saturation pulses (15,000μmolphotonsm−2s−1 for 0.3s, every 10s) applied in darkness. Such a treatment led to a moderate decrease of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (by ~8%), but a strong decrease of the number of oxidizable PSI (by ~55%), which considerably limited linear electron transport and CO2 assimilation. Surprisingly, the PSI photoinactivation had low effects on OJIP kinetics of variable fluorescence. In particular, the amplitude of variable fluorescence of IP-step (ΔVIP), which has been considered to be a measure of PSI content, was not decreased, despite the low content of photooxidizable PSI. On the other hand, the slower relaxation of chlorophyll fluorescence after saturation pulse as well as the results of the double-hit method suggest that PSI inactivation treatment led to an increase of the fraction of QB-nonreducing PSII reaction centers. Our results somewhat challenge the mainstream interpretations of JIP-thermal phase, and at least suggest that the IP amplitude cannot serve to estimate reliably the PSI content or the PSI to PSII ratio. Moreover, these results recommend the use of the novel method of PSI inactivation, which might help clarify some important issues needed for the correct understanding of the OJIP fluorescence rise.
•Saturation pulse treatment led to a severe inactivation of photosystem I (PSI).•Low content of active PSI strongly limited linear electron flow and CO2 assimilation.•PSI inactivation caused only minor changes of OJIP kinetics of variable fluorescence.•Amplitude of IP-phase of OJIP rise seemed to be independent of PSI content.•PSI inactivation led to a higher fraction of QB-non-reducing PSII reaction centers.
This study proposes modifications to an existing automatic classification method of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) time series (TS) and a new procedure to classify ground movements into ...seven classes. We also represent a technique to detect TSs affected by phase unwrapping errors and a reclassification part to detect stable points, which are incorrectly classified as moving points using the original method. Around 60 km2 of Catalunya were classified using Sentinel-1 images and a PSI technique. The proposed method classified 78359 PS TS. This study provided the spatial distribution of ground movement classes and detected several time series anomalies.
Oxygenic phototrophs have played a fundamental role in Earth’s history by enabling the rise of atmospheric oxygen (O₂) and paving the way for animal evolution. Understanding the origins of oxygenic ...photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria is key when piecing together the events around Earth’s oxygenation. It is likely that photosynthesis evolved within bacterial lineages that are not extant, so it can be challenging when studying the early history of photosynthesis. Recent genomic and molecular evolution studies have transformed our understanding about the evolution of photosynthetic reaction centres and the evolution of Cyanobacteria. The evidence reviewed here highlights some of the most recent advances on the origin of photosynthesis both at the genomic and gene family levels.
Summary
Natural growth environments commonly include fluctuating conditions that can disrupt the photosynthetic energy balance and induce photoinhibition through inactivation of the photosynthetic ...apparatus. Photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition is efficiently reversed by the PSII repair cycle, whereas photoinhibited photosystem I (PSI) recovers much more slowly. In the current study, treatment of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) with excess light was used to compromise PSI functionality in order to investigate the impact of photoinhibition and subsequent recovery on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. The negative impact of PSI photoinhibition on CO2 fixation was especially deleterious under low irradiance. Impaired starch accumulation after PSI photoinhibition was reflected in reduced respiration in the dark, but this was not attributed to impaired sugar synthesis. Normal chloroplast and mitochondrial metabolisms were shown to recover despite the persistence of substantial PSI photoinhibition for several days. The results of this study indicate that the recovery of PSI function involves the reorganization of the light‐harvesting antennae, and suggest a pool of surplus PSI that can be recruited to support photosynthesis under demanding conditions.
Significance Statement
This work details the impact of PSI photoinhibition and recovery on photosynthesis, CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism.
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