Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been diversified in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and play an essential role in capturing light energy which is transferred to two types of photosystem ...cores to promote charge-separation reactions. Red algae are one of the groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes, and their chlorophyll (Chl)
a
-binding LHCs are specifically associated with photosystem I (PSI). In this study, we purified three types of preparations, PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, PSI cores, and isolated LHCIs, from the red alga
Cyanidium caldarium
, and examined their properties. The polypeptide bands of PSI-LHCI showed characteristic PSI and LHCI components without contamination by other proteins. The carotenoid composition of LHCI displayed zeaxanthins,
β
-cryptoxanthins, and
β
-carotenes. Among the carotenoids, zeaxanthins were enriched in LHCI. On the contrary, both zeaxanthins and
β
-cryptoxanthins could not be detected from PSI, suggesting that zeaxanthins and
β
-cryptoxanthins are bound to LHCI but not PSI. A Qy peak of Chl
a
in the absorption spectrum of LHCI was shifted to a shorter wavelength than those in PSI and PSI-LHCI. This tendency is in line with the result of fluorescence-emission spectra, in which the emission maxima of PSI-LHCI, PSI, and LHCI appeared at 727, 719, and 677 nm, respectively. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of LHCI represented no 719 and 727-nm fluorescence bands from picoseconds to nanoseconds. These results indicate that energy levels of Chls around/within LHCIs and within PSI are changed by binding LHCIs to PSI. Based on these findings, we discuss the expression, function, and structure of red algal PSI-LHCI supercomplexes.
Workers of Iron and steel plants are exposed to extreme environmental heat that causes discomfort and limits their performance. This study investigates the influence of heat load on workers’ health ...and activity in Kardemir Steel Factory in Karabük-Turkey using several heat stress indices. Combined field measurements and questionnaires were carried out over a period from June to August 2016. A total number of 100 workers regularly working in the steel plant from five different workplaces were selected. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), the physiological strain (PSI), and the heat stress (HSI) indices were calculated. Workers' productivity level was evaluated by analyzing the relationships between work capacities and different WBGT levels against work intensities’ curves and by using the predicted mean vote (PMV)-productivity model. The highest values of WBGT were recorded in August, notably within the blast furnace area and continuous casting unit with mean values of 31.32 ± 0.8 °C and 31.34 ± 0.74 °C respectively, while the maximum HSI was calculated at the rolling mills unit with a value of 137.83% ±18.45. About 86% of participants complained of thermal discomfort during summer as a result of heat waves, dirt and gas emissions. Strong correlations were found between PSI and WBGT indices with core body temperature (r = 0.725 and r = 0.721 respectively) as well as the rate of heartbeat (r = 0.648 and r = 0.517). These are considered as the most applicable indices for evaluating heat load impact on workers’ health and performance.
Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa Faraguna, Siniša; Kokalj, Ivo; Marinović, Marko ...
Veterinarska stanica,
04/2022, Letnik:
53, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja karakteristično stanje s povišenim vrijednostima intraabdominalnog tlaka višim od 12 mmHg, dilatacijom abdomena popraćeno zatajenjem unutarnjih organa: ...bubrega, pluća i krvožilnog sustava. Budući da se uz njega često javljaju i brojne komplikacije kao i zatajenje brojnih organskih sustava, razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja vrlo opasno i hitno stanje s visokom stopom mortaliteta. U humanoj medicini, ovaj sindrom je prepoznat već godinama, a do sada je dobro istražena i opisana njegova klasifikacija, etiologija, patofiziologija, klinička slika, dijagnostički postupci kao i smjernice za uspješno liječenje. U veterinarskoj medicini pojava ovoga sindroma u kliničkoj praksi vrlo često prolazi nedijagnosticirano. Zbog širokog spektra nespecifičnih simptoma koji se kod ovog oboljenja javljaju u pasa, kao i zbog prilično rijetkog prakticiranja mjerenja vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka često se na vrijeme ne prepoznaje i/ili se kao takav pripisuje drugim patološkim stanjima različitih organskih sustava. Iz istog je razloga u veterinarskoj medicini do sada provedeno premalo kliničkih ispitivanja i znanstvenih radova u pasa, koji bi pružali odgovor i detaljnije objasnili etiologiju, mehanizam nastanka, progresiju, adekvatne dijagnostičke postupke te smjernice u liječenju ovoga sindroma. S obzirom da u pasa još uvijek nisu jasno definirane granične vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, teško je govoriti u kojem se trenutku javlja abdominalna hipertenzija i ako se javi hoće li rezultirati pojavom navedenog sindroma. Postavljanje egzaktne dijagnoze sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa je otežano s obzirom da do razvoja sindroma može doći zbog različitih traumatskih stanja, ozljeda, opekotina i različitih organskim ili sistemskih bolesti. Smjernice za liječenje za sada u veterinarskoj medicini nisu specifične, nije opisan jasan protokol liječenja u pasa, već se on odvija prema smjernicama preuzetim iz humane medicine. Sigurno je da je potrebno provesti dodatna znanstvena i klinička istraživanja koja će pridonijeti boljem shvaćanju ovoga sindroma. Usvojena nova znanja pridonijet će njegovu lakšem prepoznavanju, dijagnosticiranju i adekvatnom liječenju na dobrobit svih budućih pacijenata.
Treatment of deformed type B glenoids with anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) can be challenging when using standard imaging and instrumentation. 3D planning and PSI-guided ...(patient-specific instrumentation) eccentric reaming may substantially aid in both the glenoid correction and implantation of anatomical components in difficult cases. We hypothesized that the implementation of preoperative planning and a PSI-guided anatomical component protocol would result in accurate correction of the glenoid deformity and precise glenoid implant positioning.
Twenty-two consecutive patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis, intact rotator cuff and modified-Walch type B glenoids were treated with anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty. Preoperative 3D planning and PSI were used to guide eccentric reaming and correct glenoid deformity. Postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed in all patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years (mean of 26 months). Postoperative corrections of glenoid version and inclination were measured and the variation between preoperative planning and postoperative implant position was evaluated on CT 3D reconstructions. Similarly, both humeral subluxation in the axial scapular plane and glenoid joint line medialization were compared between preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic imaging.
The mean age was 57 years (range, 54-68). Significant improvements in pain and functional outcome measurements were seen in all 22 subjects. Mean native glenoid version and inclination were −15° ± 5° and 3° ± 5°, respectively. Postoperatively, version was corrected to −7° ± 6° and inclination to 1° ± 2°. Cortical central peg perforation was noted in 1 case and cement perforation in 3 cases. The mean deviation from the preoperative plan was 3° ± 3° for version and 2° ± 2° for inclination. Humeral head subluxation improved from 68% ± 6% to 37% ± 6% and re-centering on the glenoid implant was achieved in all cases. The mean executed medialization of the glenoid joint line was 6 ± 3 mm and proved accurate to within 1 ± 1 mm of the planned medialization. A strong linear correlation was found between the degree of correction of retroversion and the amount of medialization (R = 0.82; P< .001).
3D preoperative planning and PSI guided correction of deformed modified-type B glenoids resulted in accurate postoperative correction of the glenoid deformity, correct glenoid component implantation with low deviation from the planned position and excellent short-term functional and radiographic results.
: Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study.
With increasing importance of data, the interest in the availability of public sector information (PSI) has also increased. Because of its public attributes, PSI directly impacts the national ...administration as well as the lives of citizens. With the changing technological environment, the value of data is observed to change along with the manner in which data exist and the manner in which data are handled. Further, the usage of PSI should be easy and safe in the age of open data. The relation between the state and citizen with respect to PSI should also be re-established. Therefore, the following questions arise: what is the new-era governmental role in PSI use? What is the policy direction that will ultimately guarantee the right to use PSI? South Korea (hereinafter referred to as “Korea”) has one of the highest levels of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, and considerable amount of data has been collected through government-led policies. Because of such policies, Korea has demonstrated excellence in the United Nation’s e-government survey, ITU (International Telecommunication Union)’s ICT development index, and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)’s public data openness index. Korea is currently working on further upgrading its data policy to achieve data-based innovation throughout the country. Thus, the current situations that are faced by Korea and their case studies can be good subjects for research, advancing the innovation of PSI management and activating the right to use of PSI. Hence, based on the awareness of the problem, this study sought to introduce the key tasks of future data policies and propose the future direction of the PSI policy. Therefore, this study demonstrated based on the media theory that the management method of PSI changed according to the advancing technology. In addition, this study analyzed the nature of the legal relation that appears with a change in data management and attempted to derive the role of the government to enforce the law ultimately. To do this, we analyzed the role of the government as a data manager and the role of the law as the coordinator of legal rights. Also, by examining the changes in Korea’s PSI policies and the responses experienced by Korea, we determined the essential elements that should be considered by the government for developing future data policies. Thus, the governments should be able to actively support the reuse of data and the participation of stakeholders; the law should go a step further and provide the basis for governments to actively encourage the use of PSI, protect privacy and security, and solve the disputes that arise in the overall process. Thus, the key elements of data management in the future will be the quality of data (accuracy and reliability), standardization of the data form (compatibility and availability), and data security (safety). This research results can be used as guidelines by the government; however, it has limitations in that it provides only key elements to increase citizen’s right to use PSI in the open data era. After Korea’s data usage legislation (the Legislation of Promotion of Data-based Administration) is implemented based on the above factors, new results can be derived through comparative analysis with the PSI policies that have been established overseas.
This work describes a new procedure aimed to semi-automatically identify clusters of active persistent scatterers and preliminarily associate them with different potential types of deformational ...processes over wide areas. This procedure consists of three main modules: (i) ADAfinder, aimed at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) data; (ii) LOS2HV, focused on the decomposition of Line Of Sight (LOS) displacements from ascending and descending PSI datasets into vertical and east-west components; iii) ADAclassifier, that semi-automatically categorizes each ADA into potential deformational processes using the outputs derived from (i) and (ii), as well as ancillary external information. The proposed procedure enables infrastructures management authorities to identify, classify, monitor and categorize the most critical deformations measured by PSI techniques in order to provide the capacity for implementing prevention and mitigation actions over wide areas against geological threats. Zeri, Campiglia Marittima–Suvereto and Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italy) are used as case studies for illustrating the developed methodology. Three PSI datasets derived from the Sentinel-1 constellation have been used, jointly with the geological map of Italy (scale 1:50,000), the updated Italian landslide and land subsidence maps (scale 1:25,000), a 25 m grid Digital Elevation Model, and a cadastral vector map (scale 1:5,000). The application to these cases of the proposed workflow demonstrates its capability to quickly process wide areas in very short times and a high compatibility with Geographical Information System (GIS) environments for data visualization and representation. The derived products are of key interest for infrastructures and land management as well as decision-making at a regional scale.
The Chinese GF-1 satellite, the first satellite of the China High-resolution Earth Observation System launched in 2013, can be used to help estimate evapotranspiration (LE), which is important for ...myriad hydroclimatic and ecosystem science and applications. We propose a novel approach to use the GF-1 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) measurements at 16 m and 4-day resolutions to estimate LE. The NIR (near-infrared)-red spectral-domain (NRSD) model is coupled to a perpendicular soil moisture index (PSI) and a perpendicular vegetation index (PVI). We applied the model to the Huailai agricultural region of China with 55 scenes of GF-1 imagery during 2013-2017 and validated using ground measurements with footprint models for two eddy-covariance (EC) flux tower sites and one large aperture scintillometer (LAS) site. The results illustrate that the terrestrial daily LE can be estimated with squared correlation coefficients (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">R^{2} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.77-0.84 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">p < 0.01 </tex-math></inline-formula>) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 17.9-21.5 W/m 2 among all three sites. The site-calibrated statistics are improved by 0.14-0.25 for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">R^{2} </tex-math></inline-formula> and decreased by 4.2-8.3 W/m 2 for RMSE as compared to the commonly used universal PT-JPL model. A satisfactory performance is achieved across all experimental conditions, encouraging the application of the NRSD model to estimate LE for other broad regions.
Rockslides have a high socioeconomic and environmental importance in many countries. Norway is particularly susceptible to large rockslides due to its many fjords and steep mountains. One of the most ...dangerous hazards related with rock slope failures are tsunamis that can lead to large loss of life. It is therefore very important to systematically identify potential unstable rock slopes. Traditional landslide monitoring techniques are expensive and time consuming. Differential satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an invaluable tool for land displacement monitoring. Improved access to time series of satellite data has led to the development of several innovative multitemporal algorithms. Small baseline (SB) methods are based on combining and inverting a set of unwrapped interferograms that are computed with a small perpendicular baseline in order to reduce spatial phase decorrelation. Another well proven technique is the persistent scatterer interferometric method (PSI) that is based on analysis of persistent point targets. In this paper, we apply both approaches to study several rockslide sites in Troms County in the far north of Norway. Moreover, we take the opportunity to address the difference and similarities between the SB and the PSI multitemporal InSAR methods for displacement studies in rural terrain.
In this research article, ceramic particulate (SiO2/SiC) reinforced AA2024 alloy composite material formulation has been prepared via semi-automatic stir casting technique following industrial ...standard practice. The samples specimens have been prepared as per ASTM standard dimensions and the physical, mechanical and wear performance test were performed. The obtained test results have higher confidence level (95%) and the same has been used to rank the composite materials of the formulation using Preference Selection Index (PSI) method (a Multi-Criteria-Decision-Making (MCDM) tool) which is simple to compute and understand. This enables a practicing engineer to rank the designed materials via optimizing material properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, wear resistance, density etc. It has been observed that the aluminium alloy composite incorporated with an equal presence of both ceramics shows best properties and also ranked highest by PSI method. Hence, such techniques may be used for decision making successfully in the selection of materials.
• With the exception of root hair development, the role of the phytohormone ethylene is not clear in other aspects of plant responses to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation. • The induction of AtPT2 ...was used as a marker to find novel signalling components involved in plant responses to Pi starvation. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we examined the role of ethylene in the regulation of plant responses to Pi starvation. • hps2, an Arabidopsis mutant with enhanced sensitivity to Pi starvation, was identified and found to be a new allele of CTR1 that is a key negative regulator of ethylene responses. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, increases plant sensitivity to Pi starvation, whereas the ethylene perception inhibitor Ag⁺ suppresses this response. The Pi starvation-induced gene expression and acid phosphatase activity are also enhanced in the hps2 mutant, but suppressed in the ethylene-insensitive mutant ein2-5. By contrast, we found that ethylene signalling plays a negative role in Pi starvation-induced anthocyanin production. • These findings extend the roles of ethylene in the regulation of plant responses to Pi starvation and will help us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying these responses.
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