Measurement by the STAR experiment at RHIC of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects experienced by inclusive J / ψ at mid-rapidity in 0-100% p+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV is presented. Such ...effects are quantified utilizing the nuclear modification factor, R p Au , obtained by taking a ratio of J / ψ yield in p+Au collisions to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential J / ψ yield in both p+p and p+Au collisions is measured through the dimuon decay channel, taking advantage of the trigger capability provided by the Muon Telescope Detector in the RHIC 2015 run. Consequently, the J / ψ R p Au is derived within the transverse momentum ( p T ) range of 0 to 10 GeV/c. A suppression of approximately 30% is observed for p T < 2 GeV/c, while J / ψ R p Au becomes compatible with unity for p T greater than 3 GeV/c, indicating the J / ψ yield is minimally affected by the CNM effects at high p T . Comparison to a similar measurement from 0-20% central Au+Au collisions reveals that the observed strong J / ψ suppression above 3 GeV/c is mostly due to the hot medium effects, providing strong evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. Several model calculations show qualitative agreement with the measured J / ψ R p Au , while their agreement with the J / ψ yields in p+p and p+Au collisions is worse.
Over the last few decades, increase in global temperatures have led to a deterioration in the quality of open spaces, urban vitality, and public health. Strenuous physical training under hot ...conditions outdoors increases the potential for developing heat illnesses. It is therefore necessary to examine the relationships between human physiological indices, psychological responses, and outdoor thermal indices to predict and evaluate human thermal safety in hot environments. A 9-day experiment was conducted in September 2019, which tested the thermal comfort and cognitive ability of 1102 students. Their physiological parameters (Heart rate, Auditory canal temperature) were recorded before and after physical training. Results showed that there were significant differences in the thermal sensation vote before and after physical training. The classification of heat stress was modified based on the MTSV regression model and PET. The maximum acceptable PET was 23.0 °C before physical training and 21.7 °C after physical training. When PET ≥ 40.1 °C, a reduction in physical training intensity is recommended. When PET ≥ 45.7 °C, cessation of physical training should take place and sun exposure should be reduced to avoid health hazards. It is important to use the auditory canal temperature instead of the core temperature to calculate the physiological strain index (PSI). More than 15% of the subjects had a PSI ≥ 7.0 during the test. When the body is in a thermally neutral state (MTSV = −0.5– 0.5), PSI ≤ 2.0. When the MTSV ≥3.2, PSI ≥ 7.0, physical training intensity should be reduced, and warning information should be provided. According to the expected distribution of physical training time and rest time, it is recommended that the time of each physical training session should be within 30 min, with a resting period of more than 30 min in hot environments.
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•There were significant differences in the thermal sensation vote before and after training.•Sun exposure of training should be reduced while PET higher 54.1 °C.•Training intensity should be reduced while PSI exceeding 7.0.•The time of each training session should be within 30 min.
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•A novel sea urchin-like chip with Au NPs as the shell, Ag NPs as the core and PSi as the substrate was synthesized by electrochemical etching and in situ reduction.•Three models, ...CNN, AlexNet, and RF, were selected to model and analyze the serum spectra of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the model classification accuracy reached 92 %.•A fast, accurate, and non-invasive screening method for SLE was established by combining SERS technology and deep learning algorithms.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple symptoms, and its rapid screening is the research focus of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology. In this study, gold@silver-porous silicon (Au@Ag-PSi) composite substrates were synthesized by electrochemical etching and in-situ reduction methods, which showed excellent sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and serum from SLE patients. SERS technology was combined with deep learning algorithms to model serum features using selected CNN, AlexNet, and RF models. 92 % accuracy was achieved in classifying SLE patients by CNN models, and the reliability of these models in accurately identifying sera was verified by ROC curve analysis. This study highlights the great potential of Au@Ag-PSi substrate in SERS detection and introduces a novel deep learning approach for SERS for accurate screening of SLE. The proposed method and composite substrate provide significant value for rapid, accurate, and noninvasive SLE screening and provide insights into SERS-based diagnostic techniques.
Eleven genes (
ndhA-
ndhK) encoding proteins homologous to the subunits of bacterial and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) were found in the plastid genome of most land plants. These genes ...encode subunits of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex involved in photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron transport and chlororespiration. Although the chloroplast NDH is believed to be closely and functionally related to the cyanobacterial NDH-1L complex, extensive proteomic, genetic and bioinformatic studies have discovered many novel subunits that are specific to higher plants. On the basis of extensive mutant characterization, the chloroplast NDH complex is divided into four parts, the A, B, membrane and lumen subcomplexes, of which subunits in the B and lumen subcomplexes are specific to higher plants. These results suggest that the structure of NDH has been drastically altered during the evolution of land plants. Furthermore, chloroplast NDH interacts with multiple copies of PSI to form the unique NDH–PSI supercomplex. Two minor light-harvesting-complex I (LHCI) proteins, Lhca5 and Lhca6, are required for the specific interaction between NDH and PSI. The evolution of chloroplast NDH in land plants may be required for development of the function of NDH to alleviate oxidative stress in chloroplasts. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the subunit composition and structure of the chloroplast NDH complex, as well as the information on some factors involved in its assembly. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
► Dozens of proteins have been shown to be subunits of the chloroplast NDH complex. ► Chloroplast NDH complex consists of A, B, membrane and lumen subcomplexes. ► Chloroplast NDH interacts with at least two copies of PSI to form the unique NDH–PSI supercomplex via Lhca5 and Lhca6. ► Several factors are required for assembly of the chloroplast NDH complex. ► Drastic alteration occurred not only in the structure but also in the biogenesis of NDH during the evolution from cyanobacteria to higher plants.
Modern business strongly relies on the use of information and communication technologies. So, choosing the right technical equipment is extremely important because the right one influences the timely ...execution of business tasks. Various conflicting criteria impact the decision about equipment selection which justifies the application of Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) as a convenient tool for the optimization of this kind of decision process. This paper proposes the application of the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method to settle the appropriate processing unit (CPU). Five alternative CPUs are compared against four criteria which include: core numbers, virtual cores (threads), operating frequency, and price. The results that came from using the PSI method favor the CPU3 - AMD Ryzen 5 5600 as the most compatible for the end-user in the present case. The obtained results proved the applicability of the PSI method because it facilitated the decision process and define the best solution regarding the given conditions.
The work presented here describes the development of an optical label-free biosensor based on a porous silicon (PSi) Bragg reflector to study heterogeneity in single cells. Photolithographic ...patterning of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel with a photoinitiator was employed on RGD peptide-modified PSi to create micropatterns with cell adhesive and cell repellent areas. Macrophage J774 cells were incubated to form cell microarrays and single cell arrays. Moreover, cells on the microarrays were lysed osmotically with Milli-Q™ water and the infiltration of cell lysate into the porous matrix was monitored by measuring the red shift in the reflectivity. On average, the magnitude of red shift increased with the increase in the number of cells on the micropatterns. The red shift from the spots with single cells varied from spot to spot emphasizing the heterogeneous nature of the individual cells.
•Patterned photonic crystals are demonstrated as cell adhesion substrates to enable monitoring of cell stimuli responses.•Arrays of cell adhesive/resistive elements are formed via photocrosslinkable polymerization on a porous silicon photonic crystal.•Control of cell number and density by altering cell adhesive elements, reaches accuracy of a single cell per element.•Cell death is monitored by both refractive index changes in the photonic crystal and fluorescence microscopy.
A critical commentary is offered on a skeptical rebuttal made by Arthur Reber and James Alcock in the July/August 2019 issue of Skeptical Inquirer, which came in response to an article by Etzel ...Cardeña (published in the mainstream journal American Psychologist in 2018) that reviewed the extensive evidence from parapsychological experiments which seems to collectively offer support for the existence of psychic (or psi) phenomena. At the heart of their rebuttal, Reber and Alcock seek to make the counterargument that this evidence cannot be meaningful because psi phenomena are "impossible," appearing to violate four fundamental principles of physics. It is shown here that rather than being based on any kind of substantial evidence, the criticisms that Reber and Alcock put forth in support of this counterargument are instead based on a combination of narrow personal opinion, unfounded assumption, and superficial rhetoric, leaving their claims unsound and ultimately unconvincing.
Reber and Alcock have recently made a sharp attack on the entire psi literature, and in particular a recent overview by Cardeña of the meta-analyses across various categories of psi. They claim the ...data is inherently flawed because of its disconnect with our current understanding of the world. As a result, they ignore the data and identify key scientific principles that they argue clash with psi. In my paper, I argue that these key principles are difficult to apply in areas where our understanding remains poor, especially quantum mechanics and consciousness. I also explore how the psi data may fit within these two areas.
•Degree of P saturation correlates with dissolved P in soil solution.•Common agronomic soil tests can be used as tools to calculate P saturation.•Dissolved P was linear related to P ...saturation.•Concentration of amorphous Al- and Fe-(hydr)oxides are relatively high in Swedish soils.•P sorption capacity in Swedish soils can be estimated from a single P sorption test.
In response to concerns over the translocation of P from soils to P-sensitive water bodies, there is high demand for developing simple indicators for evaluating a soil’s risk of releasing P into solution. Many studies have shown that the degree of soil phosphorus saturation (DPS), calculated as the ratio of soil P concentration to soil P sorption capacity (PSC), is good predictor of a soil’s risk of releasing P in solution. In this study we compared four different DPS indices in how well they predicted dissolved P following extraction with either a 0.01 M CaCl2 (PCaCl2) solution or deionized water (PW). The first two indices were calculated from the ratio of extractable P to extractable Al and Fe using either acid ammonium oxalate (AlOX + FeOX) or ammonium lactate solutions (AlAL + FeAL). The second two DPS indices were calculated from the ratio of either Olsen-extractable P or AL-extractable P with sorption capacity estimated from the single point P sorption index (PSI). On a subset of 11 soils, we compared the different methods for estimating PSC with fitted Langmuir sorption maximum (Smax) using data from complete sorption isotherms. Both (AlOX + FeOX) and PSI were well correlated with Smax and hence regarded as good estimates for P sorption capacity. Conversely, (AlAL + FeAL) was not significantly correlated with Smax. P saturation calculated from PSI together with PAL or POls predicted PCaCl2 and PW best, whereas P saturation calculated from ammonium oxalate predicted PCaCl2 and PW the least. We did not find notable improvements in the regression models when we added a second explanatory variable (clay content, pH or total carbon) to the models. Our results show that multiple measures of P saturation provide similar predictions of a soiĺs potential for releasing dissolved P into soil solution. This provides flexibility in how P saturation indices are calculated to identify leaching prone hotspots.
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